Overview of Devops

At present, in foreign countries, Internet giants such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, LinkedIn, Netflix and Airbnb, traditional software companies such as Adobe, IBM, Microsoft and SAP, or non-core enterprises such as Apple, Wal-Mart, Sony Pictures Entertainment and Starbucks. Are adopting DevOps or providing related support products. So what exactly is DevOps?

DevOps comes from the combination of development and operation, emphasizes the communication and cooperation between software developers and operation and maintenance personnel, and makes software construction, testing and release faster, more frequent and more reliable through automated processes.

The concept of DevOps was heated in Europe in 2009, which was born because of the pain of traditional mode operation and maintenance.

DevOps is to bridge the information gap between the development end and the operation and maintenance end and improve the cooperative relationship between teams. But what needs to be clear is that there is still a test link from development to operation and maintenance. DevOps actually includes three parts: development, testing and operation and maintenance.

In other words, what DevOps hopes to do is to open the IT tool chain in the process of software product delivery, so that teams can reduce time loss and work together more efficiently. Experts summarized the following DevOps capability map, and a good closed loop can greatly improve the overall output.

From the above, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of DevOps. But in addition to touching the tool chain, DevOps, as a methodology of culture and technology, needs to change the organizational culture of the company. Looking back at the research and development mode of software industry, we can find that there are roughly three stages: waterfall development, agile development and DevOps.

DevOps was put forward as early as nine years ago, but why did it start to get more and more attention and time from enterprises in these two years? Because the development of DevOps is not a forest, there are more and more technical support now. The concepts of micro-service architecture and container technology make the implementation of DevOps easier. With the improvement of computing power and the development of cloud environment, rapidly developed products can be widely used immediately.

The speed of change in today's world is different from that in the past, and every subversive technological revolution has brought profound changes to the world. Emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, VR/AR, and blockchain are driving the world to change. How to deal with such a VUCA era, so that we can respond quickly when the environment changes?

In some places, I quoted a famous saying of the sage Wang Yangming, who advocated "the unity of knowledge and practice", which in popular terms means that we should combine theory with practice in doing things. We must also follow the way of "combining theory with practice" when implementing DevOps. Theory is the guiding ideology of our work, and practice is a concrete way of doing things. Next, I will discuss how I can combine theory with practice in my company to promote the implementation of DevOps.

First of all, we still have to go back to what DevOps is. If you forget it, you can go back and review it, including the DevOps formula I summarized.

In fact, the core idea of DevOps is: "Deliver value quickly and respond to changes flexibly". Its basic principles are as follows:

One of the great benefits of DevOps is that it can be delivered efficiently, which is its original intention. Puppet and DevOps research and evaluation (Dora) sponsored the DevOps survey report on 20 16. According to the statistical data submitted by 4,600 skilled workers in global IT companies, it is concluded that efficient companies can complete 1460 deployments on average every year. Compared with inefficient organizations, the deployment frequency of efficient organizations is 200 times that of inefficient organizations, the speed of putting products into use is 2555 times that of inefficient organizations, and the speed of service recovery is 24 times that of inefficient organizations. In the time allocation of work content, inefficient people spend 22% more time on planning or repeating work, while efficient people can spend 29% more time on new jobs. Therefore, high efficiency here refers not only to the improvement of the company's output efficiency, but also to the improvement of the quality of employees' work.

Another advantage of DevOps is that it will improve the company's organizational culture and enhance employees' sense of participation. Employees become more efficient, more satisfied and more fulfilled; The survey shows that efficient employees have higher net employee recommendation score (ENPS), that is, they are more identified with the company.

Rapid deployment can actually help to find problems faster, products can be delivered to users faster, and teams can get feedback from users faster, thus responding faster. Moreover, the changes brought by the form of DevOps trot are relatively small, and the deviation of each problem will not be too big, and it is relatively easy to repair.

So it is a prejudice to think that speed means danger. In addition, the delayed release of software services may not completely avoid the problem. In the increasingly competitive IT industry, the opportunity of software release may be missed.

With the development of technology, DevOps has more cooperation. Although everyone realized this problem in the early days, they suffered from the lack of perfect and rich technical tools at that time. It was a situation in which "the ideal is full, but the reality is very skinny". The implementation of DevOps can be based on emerging container technology; It can also be extended after automatic operation and maintenance tools Puppet, SaltStack and Ansible; It can also be built on traditional PaaS vendors such as Cloud Foundry and OpenShift.

The IT industry has been more and more closely linked with the economic development of the market. Experts believe that it will have a support center and become a profit-driven center. In fact, this change has already begun, not only in large enterprises such as Google and Apple, but also in traditional industries, such as Uber in taxi business, Airbnb in hotel chain industry, Amazon in book dealer and so on. Whether the company's IT supporting scheme can keep up with the pace of market demand in time is very important today.

The annual report DevOps 20 16 gives the calculation formula of operation and maintenance cost:

For engineers, they are also the beneficiaries of DevOps. Scott Hanselman, a senior engineer at Microsoft, said, "The most powerful tool for developers is automation". The opening of the tool chain enables developers to complete the construction, testing and operation of the production environment when delivering software; As werner vogels, vice president and chief technology officer of Amazon, said, "Who develops and operates". (You build it, you run it)

As mentioned above, the tool chain is open, so it is natural to prepare tools. Now the tool types and the corresponding incomplete list are arranged as follows:

In the choice of tools, it is necessary to combine the company's business needs and technical team. (Note: For more details about tools, please refer to this article: 5 1 # Devops Best devo PS Tools for Engineers).

Whether DevOps is successful or not, whether the company organization is conducive to collaboration is the key. Developers and operation and maintenance personnel can communicate well and learn from each other, thus having high productivity. There is also collaboration between business people and developers. Participated in DevOps, where ITV started to land in 20 12, and Clark, its general platform director, was interviewed by InfoQ at the DevOps summit of London enterprises in 20 16. When talking about success, he said that business people know exactly what they want to achieve in minimizing feasible products, so engineers deliver on demand and don't do redundant work. In this way, engineers can obtain better consistency and higher quality by using a common platform (i.e. tool chain). In addition, DevOps has also raised the requirements for individual engineers, and many experts also believe that recruiting outstanding talents is also a challenge.

DevOps is growing, especially in large enterprises: the survey found that the acceptance of DevOps has increased significantly. 74% of the respondents accepted DevOps, compared with 66% last year. At present, 8 1% of large enterprises have begun to accept DevOps, and the acceptance rate of small and medium-sized enterprises is only 70%.

So specifically, some companies are adopting DevOps? Adobe, Amazon, Apple, Airbnb, Ebay, Etsy, Facebook, LinkedIn, Netflix, NASA, Starbucks, Target (pan-European real-time automatic clearing system), Wal-Mart, Sony and so on.

First, large enterprises are accepting DevOps from the bottom up, in which business units or departments (365,438+0%) and projects and teams (29%) have already implemented DevOps. However, only 2 1% of large enterprises have adopted DevOps throughout the company.

Secondly, at the tool level, the use of DevOps tools has greatly increased. Chef and Puppet are still the most commonly used DevOps tools, with a utilization rate of 32%. Docker is the tool with the fastest annual growth rate, and its usage has more than doubled. The usage of Ansible has also increased greatly, and the usage rate has doubled from 10% to 20%.

The survey also found that less than half (43%) of companies are using configuration tools, such as Chef, Puppet, Ansible or Salt. However, companies that use configuration tools are more likely to use multiple tools at the same time. 25% of the respondents used two or more configuration tools, and the proportion of using only one tool was 18%. Chef and puppet are the most commonly used combinations: 67% organizations that use chefs also use puppets, and similarly, 67% organizations that use puppets also use chefs.

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