Introduction to Jingzhou, Hubei

Jingzhou is located in the south-central part of Hubei Province, in the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Han River. Jingzhou, also known as Jiangling, is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities announced in China.

Jingzhou has a flat terrain, a mild climate, crisscrossed rivers, and dotted lakes. There are 92 rivers with a drainage area of ??more than 100 square kilometers, and the Yangtze River flows through the region for 453 kilometers.

Jingzhou has a long history and splendid culture. It is the birthplace of Chu culture and one of the centers of Three Kingdoms culture. According to legend, when Yu conquered the nine states, Jingzhou began to exist. In ancient times, Jing and Chu referred to the same area. The meanings of Jing and Chu were originally the names of the same kind of trees. According to historical records, Jingchu as a place was first called Jing and then Chu. During the Shang Dynasty, Chu in the land of Jingzhou was included in the jurisdiction of the Shang Dynasty as a Fang state. In the Zhou Dynasty, Xiong Yi, the first king of Chu, was granted the title of Danyang, and his country name was Jing. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, King Cheng of Chu changed the name of Jing to Chu.

According to archaeological discoveries, as early as five or six thousand years ago, human beings were thriving on the land of Jingzhou and created the splendid Qujialing Culture and Shijiahe Culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, bronze smelting technology, forged iron technology, silk embroidery technology and lacquer craftsmanship were all at the world's leading level; Lao-Zhuang philosophy, Chu poetry literature, music and dance also entered the halls of ancient world civilization. In and around Ji Nancheng, the ancient capital of Chu, there are 5 Chu city ruins, 73 Chu cultural ruins, and more than 800 large stone tombs, including 18 tombs of Chu kings. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang said that Jingzhou "occupies Han Miang in the north, controls the South China Sea, connects Wuhui in the east, and connects Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses military force."

Jingzhou has been a land of outstanding people since ancient times, and has been known as "the only country in Chu". "talented" reputation. Qu Yuan, a world cultural celebrity, has served here for more than 20 years, Lu Yu, the "Tea Sage" of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng, the "Outstanding Prime Minister" of the Ming Dynasty, and contemporary writers Cao Yu and Ouyang Shan are all natives of Jingzhou.

Jingzhou has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu fought to capture Jingzhou, leaving behind not only many touching stories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Gong lost Jingzhou carelessly", but also a large number of Three Kingdoms sites. The main ones include Guan Gong Dianjiangtai and Mapao Spring in Jiangling, Caocao Bay and Wulin Village in Honghu Lake, Zilonggang and Huarong Road in Jianli, Xiulin Town and Liulangpu in Shishou, Madame Sun City in Public Security Bureau, etc. Jingzhou City has a well-preserved ancient city wall that has lasted for more than 2,000 years and retains its ancient appearance. In particular, the ancient city walls built in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are unique in southern my country and one of the few in the country for their large scale and good preservation. In the city, there are Kaiyuan Temple and Xuanmiao Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, Taihui Temple built in the Ming Dynasty, Confucian Temple, Guan Temple and Tienv Temple built in the Qing Dynasty, as well as the Three Kingdoms Park, Bonsai Garden, Stele Garden, etc. built in modern times. The Ming Ming Mausoleum in Zhongxiang is the joint tomb of Emperor Jiajing's parents. It is the only tomb of a Ming Dynasty emperor in Central and South China, and is also the largest ancient Ming Dynasty building complex in Central and South China.

Jingzhou City is the birthplace and central area of ??Chu culture, a famous ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms at home and abroad, the center of the revolutionary base in western Hunan and Hubei, and an excellent tourist city in China. The ancient city of Jingzhou (Jiangling) is one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. It is called "a rare and perfect stone in southern my country" by the archaeological and historical circles. "Every time I hear about the events of the Three Kingdoms, I want to go to Jingzhou." A series of popular stories such as "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou" and "Guan Yu accidentally lost Jingzhou" in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have made Jingzhou famous at home and abroad. Jingzhou has many cultural landscapes and historical sites. There are 5, 73 Chucheng ruins and more than 800 large ancient tombs that have been discovered. There are also Wulin Ancient Battlefield, Huarong Ancient Road, Sanqi Zhouyu Luhuadang, Guan Yu Dianjiangtai, Zhanghua Temple, and Wanshou Pagoda. And other places of interest. The city currently has more than 540 key cultural relics protection units at the national, provincial, and city (county) levels. Among them, there are 7 national key cultural relics protection units, namely the Jigong Mountain Paleolithic Site, Chu Jinan Ancient City, Baling Mountain Ancient Foundation Group, Jingzhou Ancient City Wall, Western Hunan and Hubei Revolutionary Base Site Group, Yinxiang City Site and Zouma Ridge site; 32 provincial-level key cultural relics protection units, and more than 500 municipal (county)-level key cultural relics protection units. Wei Shui Scenic Area, located about 30 kilometers southwest of Songzi City, is a national forest park integrating mountains, water, caves, forests and springs, with a total area of ??286 square kilometers. There is the famous Wei Shui Reservoir in the scenic area, which is surrounded by the largest artificial earth dam in Asia. The reservoir is shaped like coral, with blue water and excellent water quality. In the scenic area, there are towering trees, clusters of caves, and beautiful lakes and mountains that complement each other. In the scenic area, there are also ancient tomb sites of the Warring States Period, Wu Sangui's military garrison site, ancient post road sites of Hunan and Hubei, and Lingjiu Temple, an ancient temple of the Jin Dynasty. The cultural connotations are very rich.

Honghu Lake, located in the southwest of Honghu City, covers an area of ??760 square kilometers. It is the largest freshwater lake in Hubei Province and the richest in organic matter. It is also an important freshwater fishery base in the country. Its unique natural scenery and cultural landscape are yearned for by Chinese and foreign tourists. Zhanghua Temple was built during the Taiding Period of the Yuan Dynasty (1324-1328). It is said to be the former site of Zhanghua Palace, the palace of King Ling of Chu. The existing temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, and its scale is comparable to Guiyuan Temple in Hanyang and Yuquan Temple in Dangyang. It is called the three major jungles in Hubei. The Wanshou Pagoda, located in the west of the Shashi section of the Jingjiang Embankment, was built for more than 450 years by Zhu Xianhuojie, king of the Ming and Liao Dynasties. The pagoda is more than 40 meters high and is a seven-story building with eight sides. The outer wall is decorated with more than 100 white marble Buddha statues, and the inner wall is decorated with thousands of tiled relief Buddha statues in different postures. Standing on the riverside promenade next to the tower, you can lean on the railing and overlook, watching the roaring waves crashing on the shore. The river flows eastward, with hundreds of boats vying for the current, and the scene is endless. The Jingzhou Museum, located in Kaiyuan Temple, the ancient city of Jingzhou, has a collection of 120,000 cultural relics. Among them, jade pottery, Chu lacquerware, Warring States silk, Yue King Goujian sword, Western Han Dynasty ancient corpses, etc. are rare treasures and have great archaeological, scientific research and ornamental value.

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Introduction to Jingzhou

Jingzhou - a famous historical and cultural city in China, an important port in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the central city of the Jianghan Plain, and a member of the State Council In 1982, it was one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities announced in the country. In 1996, the ancient city wall of Jingzhou was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council.

Jingzhou is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain. It is the birthplace of the world-famous Chu culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Chu State had its capital in Jinan City, five kilometers north of the city, for 411 years, leaving behind rich historical and cultural relics.

The ancient city of Jingzhou has accumulated rich history and culture. There are many historical sites and scenic spots in and around Jingzhou City. The soil where Dayu controlled floods, the old capital where Chu was founded, the relics of the disputes between the Three Kingdoms, and the traces of celebrities from past dynasties... are like stars, countless. The ancient city wall of Jingzhou is one of the most representative and important monuments. According to the "Book of the Later Han·Geography", the construction history of Jingzhou's ancient city wall can be traced back to the period of King Li of Zhou more than 2,800 years ago. The latest archaeological excavation of the ancient city wall has scientifically verified that the ancient city wall of Jingzhou is the only ancient city wall in my country that has the longest history, spans the most dynasties, and evolved from the development of a Tucheng. In March 1998, archaeologists excavated brick cities from the Song Dynasty and the Five Dynasties period, and earthen cities from the Jin Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The discovery of the five-dynasty brick city laminated 10 meters below the current city wall makes the construction history of Jingzhou City’s brick city go back more than 400 years from the Ming Dynasty. This archaeological excavation also confirmed that since the Three Kingdoms era, the ancient city wall of Jingzhou has not undergone major changes, and the displacement distance is only about 50 meters; the earth city wall is much earlier than the brick city wall. In August 2000, archaeologists discovered a nearly 20-meter-long section of the lime-glutinous rice slurry city wall built during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty on the west side of the small north gate of Jingzhou City. Although this section of the city wall has been around for more than 500 years, it is still as solid as a rock, which is rare in the world.

There were 6 original city gates around the ancient city wall of Jingzhou, namely the East Gate, the Xiaodong Gate (also known as the Public Security Gate), the North Gate, the Xiaobei Gate, the West Gate and the South Gate. Each city gate is equipped with a "double insurance", with two gates at the front and back, and an urn between the two gates, so as to "catch turtles in the urn" and kill the enemy attacking the city. In order to ease traffic in the city, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, three new city gates were opened, namely the new east gate, the new south gate, and the new north gate. None of the newly opened city gates have urns. All six ancient city gates originally had towers, but now only the east gate and the north gate have towers. Therefore, the best places to visit and appreciate the style of the ancient city wall are the East Gate and Dabei Gate. The east gate is also called "Yinbin Gate". The tower is the "Binyang Tower", which was built in the Ming Dynasty. The current tower was rebuilt in 1988. The east gate is the city gate that welcomes envoys and guests. Therefore, the gate tower is spectacular and the barbican is the largest. The Great North Gate, also known as the Gongji Gate, is the exit of the ancient post road leading to the Central Plains and the capital. People send off their relatives and friends here for their long journeys. It is customary to break willows and give them to each other to wish them peace, so the Great North Gate is also called the Willow Gate. The gate tower of the Great North Gate is named "Chaozong Tower", and the date of its reconstruction is written below the ridge of the tower: it was rebuilt in the ninth year of Wuxu, the ninth month of Renxu, the tenth day of Wushen, and Dingsi in the 18th year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty. The Dabeimen Gate Tower is the only remaining ancient tower on the ancient city wall. This building is simple and spectacular. Films such as "Little Flower", "The Long Road" and "Warring States Bells" were filmed here. There are stairs in both Binyang Tower and Chaozong Tower. Visitors can climb up and enjoy the ancient city's charm.

Today in the 21st century, the ancient city of Jingzhou, which has gone through vicissitudes of life, is glowing with vitality.

The construction of the extra-large ring park has added a new landscape with rich connotations to this national historical and cultural city: people walking on the city wall, driving on the inner ring road, horse racing on the outer ring road, and boating on the moat.

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Jingzhou Travel Guide

>>Mingming Tomb

Commonly known as Imperial mausoleum. It is the tomb of Zhu Youyuan (1476-1519), the biological father of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, King Xingxian (later Emperor Gongruixian). It was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540). It covers an area of ??about 600 acres and is surrounded by high vermilion walls with a circumference of 3.6 kilometers. In front of it are two red gates, which are brick and glazed tile roofs without beams. Outside the door there are two stone tablets "Officials are waiting to dismount here", written by Yan Song. The 1,300-meter-long Shinto is paved with stone slabs, leading directly to the inner city. On both sides of the Shinto are arranged one pair each of eight clouds, dragons and huabiao, lions, scorpions, camels, elephants, unicorns, kneeling horses and standing horses. The stone figures include two pairs each of civil servants and military generals. Neat and orderly, vivid in form. The main entrance of the inner city is the Xiaosi Gate, followed by the He'en Hall. They were both destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty. However, there are still glazed Qionghua, double dragon walls, palace stone foundations, stone railings and chi head water scattering, etc., all of which have a high level of craftsmanship. . The last one is Tomb City (also called Baocheng), surrounded by two tall mounds, which are the tombs of Zhu Youhang and his wife Jiang. There is a Ming Tower on the city platform directly in front of the tomb city. It is square in plan, 9.2 meters long on a side, and covered with a double eaves and mountain-style yellow glazed tile roof. There is a tombstone erected in the building with the words "Gong Rui presents the Emperor's Mausoleum" in block letters. The drainage tunnel surrounding the city head is decorated with 36 huge dragon heads carved from white marble, which is extremely spectacular. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Jingzhou was once a strategic location in the disputes between the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. For this extraordinary land, a series of great battles were launched that swallowed mountains and rivers and shook history. They not only told many popular legendary stories for the world, but also left many interesting relics in the ancient land of Jingzhou.

>>Liu Bei and Gong'an Gate

Gong'an Gate is located in the southeast corner of the ancient city wall, also known as Xiaodong Gate. It is the only water gate in the ancient city. Although Watergate Pier has long lost its function, the bluestone revetment railings on the pier and the stone steps leading up and down the pier are still clearly visible. In 210 AD, Liu Bei, who set up a camp in Gong'an County, luckily borrowed Jingzhou from Lu Su, who succeeded Zhou Yu as the commander-in-chief, and sent Guan Yu to guard it. He himself still camped in Gong'an County. From now on, whenever Liu Bei came to Jingzhou from the police to inspect the defense, he would disembark from Xiaodongmen Pier and enter the city via water. In order to commemorate this unforgettable history, later generations named it Xiaodongmen after the police station where Liu Bei was stationed.

>>Desheng Street and Ximachi

Desheng Street is the street outside Jinshui Bridge at the north gate of Jingzhou City. Legend has it that when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou, he attacked Fancheng from the north and encountered Cao's army at Mianshui. In this battle, Guan Yu flooded seven armies, captured Jin, and beheaded Pang De, achieving a complete victory. Guan Yu's troops entered the city in triumph through this street. The people along the street spontaneously gathered on both sides to welcome the victorious soldiers, with the sound of firecrackers, bursts of drums, singing and dancing, celebrating the victory. This street was also named Desheng Street, which is still used today. Guan Yu returned to the city after victory and received such a grand welcome. Seeing his treasure sitting on a red rabbit and horse covered with dust, he suddenly felt pity for him. Suddenly he saw a crystal clear pond on the east side of the north gate, so he rode his horse there and offered the red hat with his own hands. Rabbits and horses were washed in this pond, so this pond was called the Horse Washing Pond. For thousands of years, people talked about it and it has been passed down.

>>Dianjiangtai and Paima Mountain

Dianjiangtai is located in Huayuan Village outside the west gate of Jingzhou City. It is said that Guan Yu built this high platform before attacking Cao Ren in the north to serve as a military parade point for generals and for training sergeants. Now looking from a distance, it is green. To the northeast of Dianjiang Tai, there is another small hill no more than ten meters high, named Paima Mountain. It was the place where Guan Yu practiced Paima before his northern attack. Throughout the ages, Dianjiangtai has always been a scenic spot of the Three Kingdoms that people pay homage to. Tang You, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, once came here to see the things and feel comfortable. He wrote a moving poem "Jiangling Dianjiangtai": "The terrain is naturally dangerous and the Chu River is wide. It has been difficult to borrow Jingzhou since ancient times. I laughed a hundred steps and called Xigui? Cang? In December 1986, the founding father of the country, Marshal Xu Qianqian, even wrote it in his own hand "Dianjiangtai" plaque

>>Mapao Spring and Luomao Tomb

Mapao Spring is located in Mapaoquan Village at the southern foot of Baling Mountain. It is related to Guan Yu's mount. Another Three Kingdoms relic closely related to the red rabbit and horse and full of magical legends.

In the 20th year of Emperor Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty, a stone tablet "Inscription of a stallion running to the spring in Hanguan" was erected next to the spring, explaining the reason. The inscription narrates: "When Liu Bei was besieged by Cao Cao in Dangyang, Guan Yu led his troops to rescue him. He took the road and passed here. Both men and horses were trapped, thirsty and thirsty, and could not move an inch. The red rabbit horse dug the ground with its hoofs and neighed with its head raised. Loyalty moved the mountain god, and the stone was opened. When the spring springs up, people and horses drink, their energy is revived, and they rush to the savior." Hence the name Mapao Spring. Pao Spring is horseshoe-shaped. The spring water is clear and sweet, and it lasts for a long time. The water contains more than 20 minerals. The local area has developed and produced mineral water named Ma Pao Spring. The hat-dropping platform is located next to the east side of Mapao Spring. Legend has it that Guan Yu passed here on his way to Dangyang to relieve Liu Bei's crisis. The wind was strong, the people were anxious, and the horses' hoofs were fast, and the battle hat was blown off by the strong wind, so this platform was called the hat-dropping platform. During the Double Ninth Festival, people often come here to pay their respects and relax. Li Bai, the poet of the Tang Dynasty, came to this stage and his poetry suddenly flourished. He left behind the everlasting chant "Nine Days of Drinking in Longshan": "Nine days of drinking in Longshan, the yellow flowers bloom with smiles, drunkenly watching the wind and falling hats, dancing in love with the moon to keep people." There is a large ancient tomb with a sealed earth mound next to the maotai, which is why the maotai is named Luomao Tomb.

>>The place where Guan Gong scraped bones to cure poison

"Three Kingdoms" vividly records the story of Guan Yu's poisoned arrow, and Hua Tuo scraped his bones to cure poison. According to records of Jingzhou local chronicles and folklore, Guan Yu’s military camp when he was guarding Jingzhou is located in the area of ????Jingzhou Central Hospital today. There is a statue of Guan Yu when he was scraping bones to cure poison. Guan Yu’s awe-inspiring expression despite the severe pain of scraping bones is admirable. Unforgettable.

>>Xiejia Mountain and Toujia Mountain

Xiejia Mountain is on the left side of the new south gate of the ancient city and is integrated with the Tucheng wall. Legend has it that Guan Yu often took off his armor and rested here after returning from victory. Over time, people became accustomed to calling this mountain Xiejia Mountain. Toujia Mountain is located on the northwest wall of the ancient city. Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou and won many battles. He became mentally numb and underestimated the enemy. He did not listen to Zhuge Liang's warnings or the advice of his counselors. As a result, he fell into Lu Meng and Lu Xun's arrogant soldier plan. Guan Yu thought he was right and transferred a large number of defenders to Xiangyang. As a result, the rear was empty. The Wu army took advantage of the opportunity and entered. Guan Yu was unable to rescue him in time. He was defeated in Maicheng, his body was missing, and Jingzhou was lost. The defenders in the city were forced to throw their armor around Mount Jia, but they had no choice but to surrender their weapons and throw their armor.

>>Guan Temple and Chunqiu Pavilion

Jingzhou Guan Temple and Chunqiu Pavilion are both commemorative buildings after Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. Guan Temple is located in the south gate of the ancient city. It was built in the 29th year of Hongwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1396). The original building was large in scale and majestic. It is listed as the three major Guan Gong temples in the country along with Shanxi Jiezhou Guan Temple and Hubei Dangyang Guan Tomb. Memorial shrine. The Guan Temple in Jingzhou was destroyed by the Japanese invaders. In 1985, the National Tourism Administration and other departments allocated funds to rebuild it at the original site. The rebuilt Yimen has a plaque of "Ze'an Nan Ji" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. In the backyard of Yimen, there are stone tablets on both sides. On the front is an inscription on the reconstruction of the Guan Temple, and on the back is a bamboo leaf poem metaphorizing Guan Yu's integrity. The main hall basically maintains the style of the original Guan Temple. Above the door is a plaque given by Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty "Powerful in China" ". In the hall, there are statues of Guan Yu reading the Spring and Autumn Annals at night and Guan Ping and Zhou Chang standing on both sides. Above the statue hangs the plaque "Qiankun Zhengqi" given by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.

Chunqiu Pavilion was originally located at Jinlong Temple in the eastern suburbs of Jingzhou City and was built during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. There is a statue of Guan Yu reading "Spring and Autumn" in the pavilion, hence the name Chunqiu Pavilion. The pavilion is built on tall and thick steps. It is three rooms wide and divided into upper and lower floors. The upper part is the pavilion and the lower part is the room. There are two horizontal stone staircases on the front, from which you can enter the pavilion. The whole pavilion is exquisitely built, surrounded by water on three sides and shaded by green trees, just like the Qiong Pavilion of Yaotai. The pavilion is now a key cultural relic protection unit in the city.

>>Zhang Fei's Yidan of Earth

Zhang Fei's Yidan of Earth is located by the Ma River opposite the Public Security Gate of the ancient city. Zhang Fei's load of soil comes from a magical folk legend. It is said that when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou, he made a bet with nine fairies to compete in building a city. Guan Yu was in the east and the fairies were in the west. As long as the rooster crows in the middle of the night, whoever built it first would have jurisdiction over Jingzhou. The fairies had magical powers and agreed, so the city-building competition began. The fairies were careless, but Guan Yu mobilized all the city defenders to skillfully use reed mats instead of earth to build the city. It was quickly completed, and he also sent people to the chicken coop to imitate the crow of a rooster, which caused the whole city's chickens to croak. The cry was heard everywhere, and the fairy saw that the east city had been built in the hazy night. Knowing that the situation was over, she ran away. At this time, Zhang Fei, who came to help from the police after hearing the news, walked to the Ma River with two baskets of soil in his hands. He was overjoyed to learn that Guan Yu had the winning ticket, so he loosened his hands and dumped the two baskets of soil on the ground, " Zhang Fei's Load of Earth" thus took shape. Although it is a small flat-topped mound, this scene has attracted the attention of the world because of its beautiful legend and its connection with Zhang Fei.

Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Ji" of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty gave a vivid description of this: "A peak looks back, reflecting the setting moon in the west. Looking at it from a distance, it looks like a fan of a painting." Therefore, Zhang Fei's load of soil is also called Painting Fan Peak. There was once a hexagonal pavilion built on it, which was known as one of the eight scenic spots in Jingzhou City at that time.

Jingzhou City, also known as Jiangling City, is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in my country. Here is the relatively well-preserved ancient city wall of Jingzhou, with an east-west diameter of 3.75 kilometers, a north-south diameter of 1.2 kilometers, an area of ??4.5 square kilometers, a circumference of 10.5 kilometers, and a height of 8.83 meters. There are six city gates, each with a There are towers built.

>>City Wall

According to legend, the first city walls appeared in Jingzhou as early as the time of Qin Shihuang. Regular city walls were built in the Han Dynasty. Later, they were guarded by Shu generals Guan Yu and Dongwu. Zhu Ran, Huan Wen, the governor of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Emperor Yuan of Liang made several repairs and expansions, making the ancient city of Jingzhou solid and majestic, but all of these city walls were built with earthen walls.

Historical records of large-scale construction of Jingzhou brick city walls first appeared in the "History of the Five Dynasties". Gao Jixing, the Jingnan Jiedushi during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, dispatched troops and drove hundreds of thousands of people to build the city wall in 912 AD. Brick city wall; in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Xiong, the pacification official of Jingzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, had the city wall destroyed due to the "Jingkang" battle. In 1187 AD, the brick city wall with a circumference of 10.5 kilometers was rebuilt and more than a thousand war towers were built on the city wall. During the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan soldiers captured Jingzhou City, and Kublai Khan ordered all the city walls to be demolished. After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, it was restored again in 1374 AD. After Zhang Xianzhong captured Jingzhou City at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the city wall was demolished by the rebels. In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646 AD), it was rebuilt for the third time based on the original foundation. This is the ancient city wall of Jingzhou that has been preserved to this day.

The city is very solidly constructed. In order to prevent the city wall from sinking due to water corrosion, the footings of the city wall are all built with strips of stone, and the brick walls are all jointed with lime and glutinous rice grout; The drainage hole is also made of stone, and two people can walk side by side in the hole; there is a moat tightly surrounding the city. Jingzhou City is actually easy to defend but difficult to attack, so there is a saying that "Jingzhou can be conquered with iron".

>>City Gate

The six gates of the ancient city wall have names related to local geography, history and customs. The east gate is called Yingbin Gate, the south is Nanji Gate, the west gate is called Anlan Gate, the big north gate is called Gongji Gate, the small north gate is called Yuanan Gate, and the small east gate is called Gongan Gate (Shuimen). Except for the small east gate, there is a curved city outside the other city gates, which is a double gate. The space between the two gates is called Wengcheng. The city gate opening and the city gate frame are made of stone strips and city bricks to form a garden roof. Each of the two gates has a double double door, and there is a 10 cm thick gate inside the wooden door to prevent water damage.

>>City Gate Tower

There were originally city gate towers built on the six city gates. The east gate tower was named Binyang Tower, the small east gate tower was named Wangjiang Tower, and the west gate tower was named Wangjiang Tower. The city tower is named Jiuyang Tower, the south gate tower is named Qujiang Tower, and the small north gate tower is named Chaozong Tower. The most famous ones are Qujiang Tower and Jinglong Tower. In ancient times, the south gate faced the Yangtze River. When Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, was demoted to the post of governor of Jing, he often climbed to the south gate tower to enjoy the scenery of the Yangtze River. When Zhang Shi was the prefect of Jiangling in the Southern Song Dynasty, he often visited this tower to reminisce about the past. He admired Zhang Jiuling. Because Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang (now Qujiang County, Guangdong) and the author of "Qujiang Collection", he named the south gate tower. Qujiang Tower. Jinglong Tower is built on the Liumen (Great North Gate). In ancient times, there was a road leading to Kyoto outside the Liumen, which was an important transportation thoroughfare in Jingzhou City. Many people visited this tower, so it is famous.

>>Three Kingdoms Park

It is located in the vast area on the inside of the city wall between the North Gate and the West Gate of the ancient city, covering an area of ??260,000 square meters, of which the water area is 170,000 square meters. Historically, Jingzhou was the center of disputes among the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, hence the name of the Three Kingdoms Park.

The large body of water in the Three Kingdoms Park is the ancient city North Lake. The park is based on the natural scenery of Beihu Lake and is divided into four parts: Dongyuan, Xiyuan, Zhudao and Zhongdao. It is naturally formed. The lake is sparkling and lotus flowers are fragrant; the shore is full of birdsong and rows of green willows. Three Kingdoms Park is a large-scale public amusement park that combines history with scenery, blends scenes, and has beautiful scenery. There are landscapes of the Three Kingdoms all over the park. When you enter the park, you will be greeted by a large screen wall showing the "Three Kingdoms". The statues of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stand in the "Taoyuan" on the south side of the screen, embodying the beautiful story of the three sworn brothers in the Taoyuan; in the "Qunxianzhai" on the north side, next to the wine-cooking pavilion, the fragrance of plum blossoms in the plum garden coincides with the theory of "green plums cooking wine". "Hero" historical story.

There is a 397-meter city wall-style promenade in the garden. There is a Bronze Bird Pavilion on the north side of the corridor, and the statue of Cao Cao stands majestically in the Bronze Bird Pavilion.

To the south of the corridor are the Feather Fan Pavilion and Kongming Bridge. Kong Ming in the Feather Fan Lun at the head of the bridge looks leisurely and contented; in front of the Nostalgic Pavilion on the south bank of the lake opposite Kongming Bridge is the statue of Sun Quan, the leader of the Eastern Wu Dynasty. In addition, there is an "arrow borrowing pavilion" built on the east bank of the West Lake to the west of Zhongdao. The pavilion is equipped with ancient bows and arrows. Visitors can shoot arrows from the "chain boat" in the water to the "grass boat" moored in the lake to recreate the scene. The story of "borrowing arrows from a straw boat" back then. The Three Kingdoms Park has many amusement equipments, especially the boating in the lake, where you can paddle and swim. Thinking back to the Three Kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi, you will definitely have a unique experience in your heart.

Jingzhou Food

There are four famous dishes in Jingzhou City:

One is "dragon and phoenix pairing". It uses eel and chicken as raw materials and is cooked through various cooking methods such as boiling, braising, frying, and simmering. It is a traditional famous dish in Jingzhou area. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei and his wife returned to Jingzhou from Soochow. Zhuge Liang prepared a banquet for them. The first dish served on the banquet was the "Dragon and Phoenix Pairing" specially prepared by Jingzhou chefs. I saw a big eel made into the shape of a dragon, winding on the plate, with scales and armor, feet on auspicious clouds, its mouth raised high, horns and beards hanging in a flying shape; a chicken in the shape of a phoenix standing next to the dragon, with its neck spread out and its feathers Gorgeous, the crimson crown seems to be dancing. When Liu Bei saw it, he was overjoyed and praised it profusely. From then on, the dish "dragon and phoenix" became famous far and wide.

The second is "fish cake balls". Fish cake meatballs are a unique flavor in Jingzhou. They are praised for their meaty taste, fragrant and smooth texture, and melt in the mouth. Legend has it that the production of fish cakes originated in the Chu State. There is a hotel in Ji Nancheng, the capital of Chu, that specializes in making various fish dishes to accompany wine. One day in summer, the shopkeeper bought more fish, but business was slow that day, so there were still a lot of fish left at night. Seeing that the fish was about to rot away from its bones, the shopkeeper quickly took out all the fish bones, chopped the fish meat into minced meat, mixed in a few eggs, added some soy flour, poured some white wine to remove the smell, and then made it into a cake and put it in a steamer. Steamed. The next day, the fish cakes were cut into pieces, steamed and heated in bowls, topped with seasonings and put on display. The results were very popular. Later, fish cakes became more and more exquisite. People used fish and fat meat to make cakes, and then used pork, yam, etc. to make meatballs. The meatballs are placed on the bottom, and the fish cakes are placed on top. Finally, the belly slices and kidney slices are cooked and stir-fried to top the bowl. It is a multi-vegetable bowl, commonly known as "chowder meatballs".

The third is "pimp eel". There is a "Juzhenyuan" restaurant in Jingzhou City. Juzhenyuan's "Pi Tiao Eel" is a traditional famous dish. Eel is a good food for dietary therapy. "Famous Doctors" lists eel as a top-quality food, saying that it can nourish the five internal organs and cure asthenia. loss effect.

The fourth is "Winter Melon and Turtle Skirt Soup". It is made by simmering the plump male turtle skirt and tender winter melon with chicken soup and seasonings. According to "Jiangling County Chronicles", during the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Renzong summoned Zhang Jing from Jingzhou and asked him what delicious food there was in Jiangling. Zhang Jing replied: "New corn is used to cook fish roe rice, and tender winter melon is used to cook turtle skirt soup." It can be seen that "Winter Melon and Turtle Skirt Soup" became famous all over the world in the Song Dynasty.

Other specialties in Jingzhou

>>Pimped eel

The cooking method is exquisite, especially the fire technique. Live eels are slaughtered and washed, cut into strips, battered and sizing, fried in oil at three different temperatures until the skin is crispy, and then topped with sweet and sour yellow sauce. The skin-tiao eels made in this way look like wrinkles. The skin snake strips are golden and transparent in color, crispy on the outside, oily and tender on the inside, and taste sweet and mellow.

>>Mianyang Three Steamed Rice Balls

That is, steamed pork belly, steamed pearl balls, and steamed white balls. The three steamed dishes have the characteristics of using thin gravy, pure MSG, and being good at maintaining the original flavor. Among them, steamed pearl balls are especially famous.

Preparation method: Use pork and fish of equal proportions of fat and lean meat as the main ingredients, chop into minced meat, mix with egg liquid, pepper, minced ginger and other seasonings, mix well with wet thick powder, squeeze Shape the meatballs into five-fifths in diameter, put them into a sieve and roll them with glutinous rice, put them in a basket, and steam them over high heat. After ripening, the glutinous rice will be crystal clear, white and transparent, like pearls. The meatballs will be soft and waxy, oily and fluffy, and the meat will be tender, fat but not greasy and delicious.

>>Steamed Wuchang fish

Wuchang fish is a type of bream. The fish meat is tender and rich in fat, and can be cooked in a variety of ways, among which steaming is the best. Steamed Wuchang fish generally uses Wuchang fish weighing about two kilograms each, supplemented with ham, mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots and chicken soup. After steaming, the fish is garnished with red, yellow and green shredded vegetables. It looks colorful. Take a taste with your chopsticks. Fat and tender, the soup is fragrant and has a long aftertaste.

>>Net oil sand

It is a noble and famous dish. It is said that it originated in Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was a good dish at the feast of the emperor, relatives and relatives at that time. The ingredients and methods of the net oil sand are very particular. The filling is made of fine red cowpeas, which are boiled with rice, simmered over low heat, and the shells are peeled off to remove the water and the puree is used. Once you make it, it will last for a year. It won’t change color or smell, and it will be fragrant all year round. Its skin is made of white, flawless pork net oil skin. The filling is rolled into strips, then coated with fresh egg white and yellow powder, fried in sesame oil, cut into shapes, sprinkled with white sugar, and topped with green and red toppings. Decorated with silk, it is placed on the plate, like snow lotuses in full bloom, or like dots of plum blossoms on the snow. The outer layer of the net oil sand is crispy, the middle layer is soft, and the filling tastes mellow and sweet in your mouth.

>>Shishou Chicken with Minced Fish Maw

The most rare thing about making Shishou Chicken with Minced Fish Maw is its main raw material - Shishou Bijia Fish Maw. "This is the only There is one in the stone head, and there is no other family in the world." The chicken fish in the Yangtze River Basin grows particularly plump in Shishou. It is more than one meter long and weighs seven to eight to more than 20 kilograms. It is tender and delicious. The swim bladder is thick and fat. It is unique and unique. Its appearance is very similar to that of the Shishou Yangtze River. There is Bijia Mountain on the side, and there is a red Bijia Mountain pattern in the swim bladder, hence the name Bijia Fish Maw. The main ingredients are Shishou chicken minced fish maw and hen breast, which are cooked with minced chicken and fish. It is delicious and nutritious.

>>Huangpi Sanhe

It is named after the combination of fish balls, meat balls and meat cakes. Fish balls are made from minced fish meat, seasoned with egg white, green onion, ginger juice and lard. The meatballs are made from pork leg, minced fish and seasonings, and fried. Meatloaf is made from the same ingredients as meatballs and is usually steamed. Two or three kinds of fish are cooked together, and one dish is diverse. The fish has a meaty taste, and the meat is oozing with fish flavor, giving it a unique flavor.

>>Lead-free Songhua Preserved Eggs

Jiangling has a history of producing preserved eggs for more than a hundred years. In the first year of Xuantong (1909 AD), Qiu Hu became the Songhua Egg Store in Cao City. The eggs are famous both inside and outside the province.

Lead-free preserved eggs with preserved pine flowers have excellent color, aroma and taste, and are superior to lead-preserved eggs processed by traditional methods. In early 1984, the first batch of lead-free preserved eggs was sold to Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Egg Enterprise Co., Ltd. sent it to the Hong Kong health authorities for testing and found that the lead content was only 0.01%, which is much lower than the international standard (6%). It was deemed that "the quality is very good, and it is delicious and fragrant after chewing" , sweet and cool to the throat, it is the best product."

>>Sweet and sour garlic

The raw material is a kind of wild garlic with no cloves. Later, vegetable farmers introduced it and became a specialty of Jingzhou area. The sweet and sour garlic pickled with it has round particles, milky white and shiny, sweet and sour flavor and crispy texture. It is a delicacy that can stimulate the stomach and increase appetite. It also prevents intestinal infections and skin diseases.

Jingzhou snacks and fruits

>>Jiangling braised eight-treasure rice

Also known as eight-treasure rice, it was specially made by the palace chef Xiao Dai in the late Qing Dynasty for the Empress Dowager Cixi edible. Later, it became famous for making eight-treasure rice at the Juzhenyuan restaurant in Jiangling during the Xiao Dynasty.

Jiangling Braised Eight Treasures is steamed with glutinous rice, red dates, lotus seeds, cinnamon meat, dense cherries, melon seeds, sugar osmanthus, dense winter melon, etc., and then added with white sugar and lard powder. Stewed. It is bright in color, sweet and moist, oily but not greasy, and sweet but not tiresome. There is an idiom of "sipping with a shallow cup and savoring it carefully, and leaving the table for a few days with a long aftertaste".

>>Loquat

It is a perennial evergreen tree that blooms and bears fruit in the autumn of the first year. The fruit matures in May of the following year. The fruit is spherical, golden yellow, and has a sweet taste. It has a sour taste and each fruit has one to three cores. The leaves and fruits can be used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is one of Gangneung's specialties. It was designated as the city tree of Gangneung in 1986. Loquats are planted in the front and back yards of many houses, so it is known as the "Hometown of Loquats".