What is "How Steel Was Tempered" about? Ask for an outline.

Introduction to "How Steel Was Tempered"

1 "How Steel Was Tempered"

Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904_1936), a famous Bolshevik writer in the Soviet Union. Since the publication of his novel "How Steel Was Tempered", he, together with Paul Korchagin in the book, has become the inspiration for thousands of aspiring young people in the world. Friends and role models.

In 1904, Ostrovsky was born into a working-class family in Ukraine. His father was a seasonal worker in a brewery, and his mother was a cook in a wealthy family. The family was very poor. Therefore, he only studied for three years and started working to make a living when he was about ten years old. Ostrovsky worked in various occupations, such as helping others herd horses, working as a boy in the station canteen, and working as an assistant fireman in a power plant. His poverty and humiliation life cultivated his hatred and rebellious character towards the old world. At the age of 13, he began to actively participate in revolutionary activities. In 1918, Ostrovsky's hometown was once occupied by the German army. He risked his life to complete the tasks assigned to him by the organization to collect enemy intelligence and post revolutionary notices on the sentry shed of the German headquarters. This shows that He was praised by his comrades for his wit, bravery and fearlessness of sacrifice.

In July 1919, the Communist Youth League was established in Ostrovsky’s hometown. He became the first generation of the Communist Youth League and joined the Red Army and went to the front to fight with the White Army. Combat. In a fierce battle the next year, he suffered multiple injuries to his head and abdomen, and lost 80% of the vision in his right eye due to the injury. Severe injuries forced Ostrov to leave the team. However, as soon as his injury improved, he turned to labor construction with a high degree of revolutionary consciousness. He first worked as an assistant electrician in a railway factory, and then voluntarily signed up to join the commando team and devoted himself to the hard work of building railways. On the construction site, he contracted typhoid fever and rheumatism, and was often in a coma. Before he recovered from this serious illness, he actively participated in the intense work of grabbing firewood on the Dibennie River. Because he was immersed in waist-deep ice water for a long time, his rheumatism became more serious, and polyarthritis and pneumonia soon broke out. From then on, he lost the minimum health and worsened day by day. By 1929, he was paralyzed, blind in both eyes, and completely lost his ability to move. However, he was not pessimistic and depressed at all. "As long as the heart has not stopped beating, we must make ourselves stronger." Become a useful person to the party. "Studying literary creation is the "ticket into life" that Ostrovsky found while lying in bed.

At the end of 1927, while fighting against illness, Ostrovsky wrote a novella about the growth and heroic battles of the Kotov Cavalry Brigade. After finishing the novel two months later, he sealed it and asked his wife to send it to his comrades in the Kotov Cavalry Brigade in Odessa to ask for their opinions. The comrades enthusiastically commented on the novel, but he never expected that The manuscript was lost by the post office on the way back. This unexpected blow was too cruel for him, but it did not dampen his strong will. While attending Sverdlov Communist Correspondence University, he began to conceive of a larger project. Novel - "How Steel Was Tempered". The novel was published in 1934 and achieved great success. He was also admitted as a member of the Soviet Writers Association. Subsequently, Ostrovsky began to write another set of three-step novel "Birth in the Storm" in recognition of his creative labor and outstanding contributions in literature. In December 1936, Ostrovsky died in Moscow due to a recurrence of his serious illness.

Second Story Summary

Paul Korchagin was born into a poor railway worker family. He lost his father in his early years and relied on his mother to do laundry and cooking for others to make ends meet. When he was 12 years old, his mother sent him to the station canteen as a handyman, where he was humiliated. He hated the oppressive shopkeepers and the rich people who lived and drank.

After the outbreak of the "October Revolution", imperialism and reactionaries tried to strangle the new Soviet power. Paul's hometown of Sebietoka, Ukraine, also experienced years of foreign armed intervention and civil war. The Red Army liberated the town of Sebetovka, but quickly withdrew, leaving only the elder Bushwick Zhukhlai doing underground work in the town. He stayed at Paul's house for a few days and told Paul many truths about revolution, the working class and class struggle. Zhu Helai was the initial leader who took Paul on the road to revolution.

While fishing, Paul met Tonya, the daughter of a forest officer.

One day, Zhu Helai was captured by the White Army. Paul searched everywhere for his whereabouts. When the bandits were escorting Zhu Helai, Paul pounced on him, knocked the bandits down in the trench, and escaped with Zhu Helai. Paul was imprisoned due to a report by Victor, the son of the Polish nobleman Liszhenski. In prison, Paul withstood the torture and remained strong and unyielding. In order to welcome the Baifei leader Petliura to visit the small town, a second-level officer mistakenly released Paul as an ordinary prisoner. He was afraid of falling into the clutches of the devil again and did not dare to go home, so he involuntarily came to Tonya's garden gate and jumped into the garden. Because Paul had rescued Tonya during the last fishing trip, and because she liked his "enthusiastic and stubborn" character, his arrival made her very happy. Paul also felt that Tonya was different from other rich girls. They all felt the vague love. In order to take refuge, he agreed to Tonya's request and stayed. A few days later, Tonya found Paul's brother Arqing, who sent his brother to Katchadin to join the Red Army.

After joining the army, Paul served as a scout and later as a cavalry. He was a capable and courageous warrior on the battlefield and an excellent political propagandist. He especially liked to read "Gadfly", "Spartacus" and other works, and often read or told stories to his comrades. In a fierce battle, his head was seriously injured, but he defeated death with his tenacious perseverance. His physical condition prevented him from returning to the front, so he immediately threw himself into the work of restoring and building the country. He did regiment work, counter-revolutionary work, and devoted himself selflessly to hard physical labor. In particular, the work of building railways was particularly difficult; there were autumn rains, mud, heavy snow, and frozen soil. Everyone was short of food and clothing, sleeping in the open air, and there were also attacks by armed bandits and threats of disease.

During this period of time, his love with Tonya was in crisis, and Tonya's vulgar individualism disgusted him. When I met her again while building the railway, she was married to a wealthy engineer. When Paul was the secretary of the Youth League Committee at the railway factory, he had frequent contact with Lida, a member of the Youth League Committee, at work, and the two gradually developed feelings. But he mistakenly regarded Lida's brother as her lover, and thus lost the opportunity to fall in love with her.

At the end of the road construction work, Paul caught typhoid fever and developed pneumonia. The organization had to send Paul back to his hometown to recuperate. On the way, the news that Paul was dead was mistakenly transmitted, but Paul defeated death for the fourth time and returned to the world. After recovering from his illness, he returned to work and joined the party. Due to various injuries and illnesses, as well as selfless work and labor, Paul's health became worse and worse and he lost his ability to work. The party organization had to relieve him of his job and have him hospitalized for long-term treatment. While recuperating on the beach, he met Daya and fell in love with her. While Paul continued to help Daya improve, he began to study tenaciously and enhance his writing skills. In 1927, Paul was paralyzed and then blind. The raging disease finally bound this passionate warrior to his bed. Paul also had the idea of ????suicide for a time, but he quickly got out of the trough. This man who was paralyzed, blind and had no writing experience began his heroic career - literary creation. Paul endured great physical and mental pain. He first wrote in a cardboard frame, and later dictated it himself and asked others to record it for him. With the help of his mother and wife, the novel "How Steel Was Tempered" which he wrote with his life was finally published in 1934! Paul picked up new weapons and started a new life.

Three Characters

The greatest achievement of the novel "How Steel Was Tempered" is the successful portrayal of Paul Korchagin, a figure in the Bolshevik Party Under the training of the Communist Party of China, he is a typical image of a new communist who was tempered in the flames of the revolution and in a difficult environment. With his clear class position of love and hate, lofty moral outlook, high revolutionary passion, miraculous vitality and steel-like strong will, he composed a magnificent poem dedicated to the party and the people.

Paul is a conscious and selfless revolutionary warrior who always puts the interests of the party and the motherland first. In the war years of blood and fire, Paul and his father and brothers fought on the battlefield together to defend the Soviet regime and fought bloody battles against foreign armed interventionists and the White Army, showing their willingness to sacrifice for the revolutionary cause. During the difficult years of healing the wounds of war and restoring the national economy, he devoted all his enthusiasm to peaceful labor.

Although he once served as an iron horse and fought with blood on the battlefield, he was not arrogant about taking credit, nor did he consider his personal fame and fortune. He only wanted to do more for the party and the people. The party asked him to build railways, and he went; the party asked him to be a league cadre, and he went, and he did so at his own risk. For the sake of revolution, he can even sacrifice love. He loved Leda, but was influenced by the "Gadfly" and wanted to "completely devote himself to the revolutionary cause", so he followed the "Gadfly" way and left without saying goodbye. After being paralyzed and blind, all he needed in life was to continue working for the party. As he said: "My whole life and all my energy are dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world - the struggle for the liberation of mankind."

Paul is a resolute and strong man. A revolutionary warrior, he has withstood severe tests in all aspects of his life. He was unyielding in the face of the enemy's torture; he marched forward bravely on the battlefield where bullets were raining; in the fight against the life-devouring disease, he kept the god of death at bay many times and created the miracle of "resurrection from the dead". Especially when he was on the hospital bed. The process of climbing up to the palace of art shows the highest state that a revolutionary warrior can achieve with his steely will.

Paul is another heroic figure who sees greatness in the ordinary. There are no earth-shattering achievements in his resume. He always started from the most ordinary little things. Faced with the heavy blow of the disease, he also had the idea of ????suicide, and it was in his heroic passion to fight the disease. , he contains the danger of "leftist" infantilism. Paul later finally realized that his behavior of not caring for the body cannot be called a heroic act, but a kind of willfulness and irresponsibility. Therefore, Paul is great and also. Ordinary, he is a steel warrior who gradually matures in the flames of revolution, becoming a flesh-and-blood role model that makes people feel warm.

Paul is also based on the author himself. The author describes Paul based on his own life experience and true feelings. Therefore, Paul's touching deeds are not artistic fiction, but basically real people. It is true, so it is more touching, but the author is opposed to treating this novel as a complete autobiography of the writer, because "this is a novel, not a biography." He has concentrated on Paul the thoughts and ideas of many similar characters of his time. Character characteristics, using a typical approach. He said: "In this book, I am not writing about Paul Korchagin, but millions of Korchagins, in order to strive for their own happiness. And the millions of men and women who threw themselves into the battle! "Paul's image is both autobiographical and schematic. He is the most glorious and typical representative of the young generation of socialism.

Four Theme Thoughts

"How Steel Is "Tempered" is an excellent novel that describes the growth process of new people and reveals their excellent qualities. When a British reporter asked the author why he named "How Steel Was Tempered", Ostrovsky replied. Said: “Steel is forged in fire and sudden cooling. Only in this way can it become hard and not afraid of anything. Our generation has also been trained in such struggles and arduous tests, and has learned not to be decadent in the face of life. ”

This title vividly summarizes the ideological content he wants to express; the growth path and ideological character of his generation.

Through the growth of Paul Korchagin Road, the novel tells people that only when a person defeats the enemy and himself in the hardships of the revolution, and only when he connects his pursuit with the interests of the motherland and the people, can he create miracles and grow into a man of steel. Soldier. Revolutionaries are made into steel through struggle, which is an important theme of the novel.

By revealing Paul's resolute character who dares to overcome any hardships for the cause of the party and the people, the novel vividly tells the story of the young generation. , what is the ideal of communism, and how to work hard for the understanding of communism. What kind of life a revolutionary soldier should have is another theme of the novel. Paul is paying homage to the grave of his female comrade Valian. The passage he said at that time was a confession of his communist outlook on life and an elucidation of the theme of the novel:

“The most precious thing for man is life, and life belongs only to man. once.

A person's life should be spent like this; when he looks back on the past, he will not regret for wasting his years, nor will he be ashamed of being inactive; in this way, when he is dying, he can say: 'I His whole life and all his energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world - the struggle for the liberation of mankind. '"

The theme of the novel can be summarized like this: a person's life should be spent like Paul Korchagin.

Five artistic characteristics

"How Steel Was Tempered" is an autobiographical novel. Many of the stories in the novel come from the author's personal experience, so it is more authentic, credible, and touching. However, the author is not limited to the facts of life. A lot of typification of characters and plots has been done. "How the Steel Was Tempered", like Gorky's "Autobiographical Trilogy", has made an important contribution to the innovation of autobiographical novels.

The entire description of the novel revolves around the growth of the protagonist, with a compact and natural structure. When portraying the protagonist's character, different aspects are used to express his outstanding qualities. It describes how Paul treats prison, war, work, and friendship. , love, illness, setbacks, that is, how to deal with major issues such as revolution and individuals, public and private, life and death, etc., have made the image of Paul, the steel warrior, particularly full, vivid and radiant.

< p>Appreciation of Six Wonderful Chapters

"How Steel Was Tempered" is divided into two parts. The first part describes the civil war, and the second part describes economic recovery and socialist construction. The second part is the comprehensive theme of the book. The expanded part shows the melting of "steel" and the refining of "steel". The most important chapters are the second and ninth sections.

Seven Wonderful Quotations

People. The most precious thing is life, which belongs to people only once. A person's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret for wasting his years, nor will he be ashamed for doing nothing; in this way , when he was dying, he could say: "My whole life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world - the struggle for the liberation of mankind. ”