Is it right or wrong for Jingdezhen ceramics to be divided into official kilns and folk songs from the Song Dynasty? news

Wrong, the official kiln only appeared in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty.

Jingdezhen official kiln can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty at the earliest, and lasted until the late Qing Dynasty. In Jingdezhen's long history of porcelain making, the official kiln occupies a decisive position. It not only concentrated a large number of excellent craftsmen, but also spared no expense in firing, which played a very important role in improving the technology and quality of Jingdezhen porcelain making and promoting the development of ceramic culture.

First, the official kiln in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty

"Council" is the abbreviation of "Privy Council". Tang Dynasty Dai Zong (763-779) established a Tang Dynasty, a Tang Dynasty established a Tang Dynasty, and a Tang Dynasty established a Tang Dynasty. In the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (1278), the Privy Council of Yuan Dynasty set up the "Floating Beam Porcelain Bureau" in Jingdezhen, and the Privy Council of Yuan Dynasty decided to fire the "Shu Fu" style egg white glazed porcelain in Jingdezhen.

The characteristics of "Shufu" porcelain are: Shufu porcelain and celadon are also white, but relatively thicker than celadon; The glaze of the official residence changed from bluish white to egg white (whiter, similar to goose egg color); Plates, bowls, pots and Gao Zubei are the most common porcelain shapes of official residences, and there are few big ones. The most typical official residence, with a small bottom. Waist corset is a prominent shape in corn porcelain. The porcelain plates and bowls in Shufu are exposed at the bottom, with thick walls and regular cutting. Some have nipple protrusions and obvious spirals at the bottom (China Ceramics, edited by Feng Xianming and edited by National Cultural Heritage Administration, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 200 1, printed for the fifth time by P499-459). Blue and white porcelain was successfully fired in Yuan Dynasty, creating underglaze red and blue and white underglaze red decoration. The appearance of other glazes, such as red glaze, blue glaze and gold glaze, indicates that people have mastered the hair color rules of various hair color agents, which makes Jingdezhen porcelain decoration colorful, thus ending the situation that the glaze color of porcelain was mainly like jade and silver before Yuan Dynasty, pushing porcelain decoration into a new era of underglaze color and forming the distinctive characteristics of China porcelain.

Jingdezhen kilns in Yuan Dynasty are divided into official kilns and folk kilns (but according to the foregoing, official kilns in Yuan Dynasty are essentially different from those in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and official kilns at this time can be said to be included in folk kilns), which embodies the concept of hierarchy and different life interests. Shun Di Ji in the History of Yuan Dynasty records that Ding Hai was forbidden in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1336) in summer and April: "clothes such as Kirin, husband and wife, white rabbit, Ganoderma lucidum, two-horned five-claw dragon, eight dragons, Jiulong, Wanshou, Fushouzi and ochre yellow were forbidden". Reflected in Jingdezhen porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty, the people were not allowed to draw and use dragon porcelain with five claws. According to archaeological investigation, there are many omissions in the folding bowls and feet of Liujiawu on the south bank of Hutian (Nanhe) in Jingdezhen. The word "Shufu" is printed on the inner wall, and the dragon pattern on the inner wall of Gao Zubei has five claws, which proves that Yuan Shi and other utensils should be official tools at that time. Although the north shore is similar in shape, the foot wall is mostly vertical and the inner wall is blurred. The dragon has only three claws and four claws, so it should be a civilian commodity "(Liu Xinyuan et al." Investigation Summary of Hutian Kiln in Jingdezhen ",cultural relics, 1980, 1 1). "Comfortable" ware (egg white glazed porcelain) was widely used not only by the upper class such as the Privy Council in Yuan Dynasty, but also by ordinary people, which was closely related to people's living habits and preferences in Yuan Dynasty. Official documents are not only the daily necessities of Yuan people, but also the important aesthetic objects of Yuan people, which itself reflects the aesthetic fashion and taste of Yuan people.