Hawking's information

Professor Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous contemporary figures, known as the greatest living scientist, today's Einstein. He took an important step in unifying the two fundamental theories of 20th century physics - Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory. In 1989, he won the honorary title of British Knight. He is a fellow of the Royal Society and a foreign member of the American Academy of Sciences.

Professor Hawking was born in Oxford, England, in 1942. This day happens to be the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. In 1963, Professor Hawking was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy, a motor neuropathy. Obtained a PhD in theoretical physics in 1965. On March 1, 1974, Professor Hawking published a paper in Nature, explaining his new discovery that black holes emit radiation. Within weeks, physicists around the world were discussing his work (the radiation to which Hawking was referring is known as Hawking radiation). Hawking's new discovery is considered the most important development in theoretical physics in many years. The paper has been called "one of the most profound papers in the history of physics." From 1975 to 1976, among the six awards he won were the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, the XI Medal of the Pontifical Scientific Society of the Vatican, the Hopkins Prize, the Danio Heinemann Prize of the United States, and the Maxwell Prize. and the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society. In 1978 he won the most prestigious award in physics, the Albert Einstein Prize. In 1979, he was appointed as the famous Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, once held by Newton. In 1988, Hawking's astonishing book "A Brief History of Time: from the Big Bang to Black Holes" was released. Starting from the study of black holes, we explore the origin and destiny of the universe, and answer the questions that humans have been exploring throughout history: does time have a beginning, and does space have boundaries. This is a landmark work in the history of human science. The book has been translated into more than 40 languages ??and has published more than 10 million copies. Professor Hawking's popular lectures are also internationally renowned and he has traveled all over the world. He tried to communicate his ideas to the world at large through his books and popular lectures. In early 2000, Hawking gave a speech at the White House as part of the Millenium Evenings. President Clinton cordially met with him and congratulated him. In October 2001, another masterpiece "The Universe in a Nutshell" was published. This book is a companion volume to "A Brief History of Time". In this book, Hawking reveals the great breakthroughs in theoretical physics since the publication of A Brief History of Time.

Stephen William Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942 (the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death). His parents originally lived in north London, but during the Second World War, Oxford was considered a safer place to have children. When he was eight years old, his family moved to St. Albans, a small town 20 miles north of London. At the age of eleven, Stephen went to St. Albans School and then to University College, Oxford, the same college his father had attended. Although his father wanted him to study medicine, he wanted to study mathematics. University College did not offer a mathematics major, so he chose to study physics. After studying at University College for three years, he was awarded a first-class honors degree in natural sciences without much effort. Then Stephen went to Cambridge to do cosmological research. At that time, no one in Oxford was engaged in cosmological research. His mentor was Dennis Sima, although he would have preferred Fred Hoyle, who was working in Cambridge at the time. After receiving his Ph.D., he first worked as a research assistant at Gonville Seth College and later worked as a professional researcher. In 1973 Stephen left the School of Astronomy and came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. Since 1979, Stephen has been the "Lux" Professor of Mathematics. This position was created in 1663 according to the will of Alfred Henry Lukes with the money left by Lukes as a fund.

Lukes was a British MP for the university. The first person to receive the "Lux" professorship of mathematics was Isaac Barrow, followed by Isaac Newton. Stephen Hawking has been engaged in research on the fundamental laws of the universe. Together with Roger Penrose, he discovered that Einstein's general theory of relativity implies that space and time begin at the Big Bang singularity and end at a black hole. These results showed the need to combine general relativity with quantum theory, another scientific development in the first half of the twentieth century. One consequence of such a combination he discovered is that black holes should not be completely black. Black holes radiate outward and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge in imaginary time, it is infinite. This would mean that the way the universe formed is entirely determined by scientific laws. His published works include: "The Large-Scale Structure of Space and Time" co-authored with G.F.R. Ellis, "General Relativity: Einstein's Century Perspective" co-authored with W. Israel and "Gravity 300" co-authored with W. Israel Year" . Stephen Hawking has two best-selling books: his best-selling book, A Brief History of Time, and later, Black Holes, Baby Universes, and Beyond. Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He was awarded a CBE in 1982 and an Honorary Partner in 1989. He has received many awards, bonuses and medals. He is a fellow of the Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences. Stephen Hawking continues to combine his family life (he has three children and one grandchild) with his research in theoretical physics with extensive travel and lectures.

Life

January 8, 1942

Born in Oxford, England.

In 1962

Completed the physics degree course at Oxford University and moved to Cambridge University for postgraduate studies. British astronomer Fred Hoyle (1915-), Hawking's teenage years One of my heroes is the astronomy professor here. Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.

1965

Awarded a doctorate. His research shows that the mathematical equations used to explain the collapse of black holes can also explain the expansion of the universe from a single point.

1970

Hawking studied the properties of black holes. He predicted that the ray radiation from the black hole (now called Hawking radiation) and the surface area of ??the black hole will never decrease.

1974

Elected as a member of the Royal Society. He went on to prove that black holes have temperatures, that black holes emit thermal radiation, and that vaporization causes mass reduction.

In 1980

Served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University (Isaac Newton once held this position).

1988

Published "A Brief History of Time", which became the best-selling book on quantum physics and relativity.

1996 to present

Continuing to work at the University of Cambridge.