In recent years, the once strong Southwest Mandarin has gradually declined.

I was born and raised in Chengdu after 1995. I didn't believe that the southwest dialect would disappear before, but in recent years, the situation of the whole southwest mandarin has become increasingly pessimistic.

Many people think that Southwest Mandarin is strong, and even many national netizens and even Sichuan and Chongqing locals think that Southwest Mandarin will never be replaced by Mandarin. In fact, I think this statement is the ideal state of 100%, and I don't quite agree with it. If Sichuan dialect cannot be effectively protected now, in the long run, Sichuan dialect may be completely replaced by Putonghua. If the southwest mandarin is completely lost, it is estimated that it is unlikely in the next few decades; However, if the dialect in Chengdu, a big city, is basically covered by Putonghua but has not completely disappeared, I estimate that it will be within 20 years.

Personally, it is an illusion that the so-called "Southwest Mandarin is strong" and "Southwest Mandarin is growing" on the Internet. I think many people have this view for several reasons:

(1) Other dialect areas (especially Liunan dialect) are shrinking under the impact of Putonghua because of their great differences with Putonghua, while other Putonghua may be much better because of its relatively small differences.

(2) Due to geographical location, the popularity of Southwest China is later than that of other regions, so many elderly people in Sichuan and Chongqing can't speak Mandarin at all, and many people in Sichuan and Chongqing can't speak Mandarin well. In addition, the popularization work in southwest China (especially in Sichuan and Chongqing) has not been well implemented before, and even the school has not enforced Putonghua before. As a result, the popularization of Putonghua lags behind other regions, and the natural dialect shrinks even later.

(3) In addition, due to the increasingly developed economy in Sichuan and Chongqing, it does have a certain impact on cultural output.

I remember that there was a picture circulating on the Internet on 20 17, which showed that the proportion of people who can skillfully use dialects is the highest in the southwest Mandarin area. Then some people came to the conclusion from the media that "Sichuan and Chongqing young people have completely inherited Sichuan dialect", "Sichuan and Chongqing dialect need not be protected", "Sichuan dialect will be on an equal footing with Mandarin in the future" and "everyone need not worry about Sichuan dialect at all", and even some local netizens in Sichuan and Chongqing even came to the conclusion.

In fact, seeing these views, I am not optimistic about the future of Sichuan dialect, but worried that Sichuan dialect and even the whole southwest dialect have been declining in recent years, especially in Chengdu, a big city. Let me illustrate with a few examples:

① The pronunciation misreading of some words by young people in the post-90s and post-00s in Southwest China is particularly obvious. Take Chengdu dialect as an example. I study ngo in Chengdu dialect, but all the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read WO. In the countryside, Chengdu dialect reads mandarin, but young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Guo; ; Xi' an, Chengdu dialect reads Chinese, but all the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Xi' an; Xi' an, Chengdu dialect reads propaganda, but the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Xi' an; Huanhuaxi, Chengdu dialect reads Huanhua Seven, but young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Huanhua Xi; ; In the morning, I read Sen in Chen; Gdu dialect, but the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Chen; I often read mulberry in Chengdu dialect, but young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read mulberry; ; Examination, textual research, Chengdu dialect reading, but all the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read Yan; ; Education, studying yo in Chengdu dialect, but the young people in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s who are now around me basically read more; Forced, Chengdu dialect reads pe/peq, but all the young people around me in Chengdu after 90 s and 00 s basically read PO; There is also the disappearance of the syllable ng, for example, I love ngai, Ou ngou, Bite ngao (reading niao), Sakura ngen, Hard Ngen ... However, my peers have basically finished reading Mandarin pronunciation. As a post-1995 Chengdu native, I sometimes speak these standard Chengdu dialects, but I am misunderstood or even laughed at by others. ...

In addition, the pronunciation of some middle-aged and elderly people in Sichuan and Chongqing has gradually been biased by our young people. Sometimes, because some people around Chengdu are disgusted with the local dialect, their pronunciation has also become the pronunciation of Mandarin. Moreover, in recent years, even the intonation of some words in Chengdu dialect has gradually been assimilated by Mandarin.

② A large number of dialect words died out. Even if there are many simple words, I have never heard of many parents dolls born and raised in Chengdu. For example, the old man, Chengdu dialect means father, but many children I meet don't even know what this word means; Chengdu dialect means convenient and easy, but many new generations have never heard of this word; Even the simple and commonly used word "play" has never been said by many children in Chengdu. Take my Chengdu 95 as an example. I may not have heard more than 80% of the words.

Dialects in many small places in Sichuan and Chongqing are disappearing. There is a dialect in southern Sichuan called Minjiang dialect, which enters the tone independently. Take Leshan dialect as an example, the pronunciation of many words is completely different from that of Chengdu dialect, for example, first, yeq；; Three sa; Sixth, loq；; Seven, afraid; ; Eight, yes; It's hard to understand, especially the Suji dialect in the west of Leshan. It is the oldest dialect in the whole Sichuan basin, and it inherits many characteristics of Shu dialect. Many words also have q or h tones. For example, if you don't go, Suji dialect is pronounced as boh jieh and baq/beq. There are still many words whose pronunciation is very different from that of ordinary Sichuan dialect, such as Guan Go; Far away; Two lies; ; Install zua；; Bamba; Jianjia; Buy a horse; Open ke; Shansa; Eel se; Zhanze; Half a blog; Disk po; Rice fo; Ku class; Guo Gu; Bao Bu .......... (I can't remember the tone clearly), even the word "you, me and him" has two pronunciations, one is "ni ngu dae" and the other is "ningou dou".

However, these dialects are on the verge of extinction because they are so different from Mandarin. Nowadays, local young people can hardly speak, and basically only a few elderly people over 70 are speaking. Now the dialect entering tone in Sichuan has disappeared so badly that it is difficult to hear Minjiang dialect from the local younger generation. Many children speak Chengdu dialect directly, and some even speak Mandarin instead of Chengdu dialect.

④ I have been in Chengdu for several years, and found that many dolls born in Chengdu after 10 generally can't speak Chengdu dialect, and many dolls' parents are Sichuanese, which is somewhat similar to the situation of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Wu dialects before the 1990s, which is a new trend in recent years; Many young parents born after 1980s can speak dialect clearly, but they can't teach dolls. I don't know if these parents think the dialect is too ugly or that speaking Mandarin is too high-end and sophisticated.

Let me talk about my experience first. I remember when I was a child, about ten years ago, whether after school or playing in the yard, we all spoke dialects, and sometimes even teachers spoke dialects in class. If one of our classmates speaks Mandarin, he will be considered as Zhuang Yi.

Now, however, the situation is just the opposite. Now 10, Mandarin has occupied the mainstream in Chengdu dolls. They speak Mandarin not only at school, but also with their parents at home. The proportion of dolls who can speak dialects has dropped significantly, and the speed of decline can be said to be faster and faster, unprecedented; Nowadays, many times, if dolls speak dialects or Mandarin with a strong dialect accent, they will be ridiculed or even isolated. These dialect-speaking dolls have suffered a blow to their self-confidence and turned to Mandarin. Now every time I go to the streets in Chengdu, ten parents, with an average of seven or eight, speak Mandarin with dolls, many of whom are young parents born after 1980s. Ten little dolls, on average, can only speak Mandarin when asked, and even fighting is standard Mandarin+English. Most of the time, I can't hear a dialect. Every time I see these phenomena, my heart cools a lot, as if it makes people feel that this is in the north, not in Sichuan.

In fact, this phenomenon has been budding since we were born in 1990, but it is still extremely weak. Take us after 1995 as an example. I remember when I was in junior high school (our junior high school is a good junior high school in Chengdu), there were several children in my class who could not speak dialects. At least one of their parents was from Sichuan and the other was from Panzhihua. I asked them why you didn't speak Sichuan dialect. They said they couldn't speak Sichuan dialect, and their parents didn't teach them, so we had to tell them in Mandarin. Until now, I have been impressed by those students. Now, sometimes at junior high school reunion, I will communicate with them in Mandarin. At that time, I was in junior high school and didn't pay much attention to them. I thought it was just an accident. There was never a dialect crisis.

But in recent years, I have really felt the crisis of Chengdu dialect. First of all, many schools require children to speak Mandarin, and most schools have phrases like "Speak Mandarin and be civilized". I think these slogans are controversial and ambiguous. Literally, they seem to be telling students such a "truth", that is, Mandarin is a manifestation of civilization and dialects are uncivilized. Even many schools require Mandarin and grades. I also saw in the headlines that parents in Chengdu said that the doll was interviewed by parents because she spoke Sichuan dialect at school (the authenticity cannot be verified). This has directly caused many dolls to use Mandarin instead of Sichuan dialect as the only communication language in their lives, even if the head of the family is facing their parents. There are still many young parents born in 1980s who can speak Sichuan dialect, but they don't teach dolls to speak dialects. Some parents are unwilling or deliberately avoid their dolls from being exposed to Sichuan dialect, and even ask the older generation at home to speak Mandarin with their dolls. Therefore, due to these comprehensive factors, many children around Chengdu after 10 can only speak Mandarin but not Sichuan dialect. There are too many such children around me. Even a few children who can speak dialects are just like foreigners who speak Sichuan dialect, which gives me goose bumps and I can't listen at all. It is better to let them speak Mandarin. Every time I talk to a little doll in a slightly authentic Chengdu dialect, the scene can really be described as casting pearls before swine. They either don't understand or reply to me in standard Mandarin. If this is the case with the generation after 10, with more and more foreigners in Chengdu, the coverage of Putonghua promotion is increasing, and the older generation who speak dialects is gradually passing away. Didn't you say that 15, the generation after 20 is worse than the previous generation? If this goes on, when all the cities around Chengdu are promoting Putonghua as it is now, will the dialects of cities, prefectures and rural areas also begin to shrink?

Besides the dialect itself, the dialect cultural crisis related to Sichuan dialect is more serious. Sichuan Opera, Sichuan Opera and other dialect cultures have basically been divorced from our generation. When I was a child, I often heard about Sichuan opera, but now I hardly hear it. Our post-1995 generation has lost more than half of the essence of Sichuan dialect, not to mention understanding the meaning and connotation of Sichuan dialect or Sichuan dialect culture. 00, not to mention 10. ...

Even if there is rap in Sichuan-Chongqing dialect now, it is hard to hide the fact that the dialect is gradually declining, because it is more and more difficult to spread rap in Sichuan-Chongqing dialect in the era of Putonghua implementation.

⑥ Most people in Sichuan and Chongqing have no feelings about dialect crisis, and always feel that dialect protection should be ignored. In fact, what I said above is the concrete manifestation of the southwest dialect crisis (now the dialect crisis is mainly obvious in big cities like Chengdu, but not in small cities around Chengdu). In recent years, I obviously feel that the dialects in southwest China are gradually following the footsteps of other dialect areas, and the speed is getting faster and faster, and gradually expanding from a big city like Chengdu to the surrounding areas. In addition, I also learned from the net posts that the dialects of southwest Mandarin, such as Guiliu, Xiangxi, Shannan, Western Hubei, Guiyang, Kunming and Chenzhou, have also fallen sharply in recent years (I don't know if the situation in these areas is true, if the dialect usage in these areas is different from yours, you can leave a message in the comment area so that I can modify it). If there is no official protection measures for southwest dialects, the dialects in the whole southwest region will disappear.

Now the southwest dialect has begun to shrink. Now, besides Chengdu dialect, the dialect situation in other parts of Southwest Mandarin (especially in the peripheral areas of Southwest Mandarin) is not optimistic:

Current situation of Yichang dialect:

The present situation of Guiyang dialect;

The present situation of Kunming dialect;

The present situation of Liuzhou dialect;

The present situation of Guilin dialect;

The present situation of Wuhan dialect;

The present situation of Xiangyang dialect: (a netizen's explanation of the present situation of Xiangyang dialect)

The Present Situation of Hanzhong Dialect in Southern Shaanxi: (An explanation of Hanzhong netizens on the present situation of Hanzhong Mandarin in Southwest China)

The Present Situation of Chenzhou Dialect in Hunan Province;

It can be seen that there are signs that dialects have been replaced by Putonghua in most areas of Southwest Mandarin, so the atrophy of Southwest Mandarin is the present continuous tense.