There is a saying in Chen She's family: A sparrow knows the ambition of a swan?

Chen Shengzhe was born in Yangcheng, with the courtesy name She. Wu Guang was born in Yangxia (Xia pronounced as jiǎ), and his courtesy name was Uncle. When Chen She was young, he tried to farm with a servant, but he stopped farming on the ridge. He felt regretful and resentful for a long time, and said: "Wealth and honor will never forget each other." The servant smiled and said, "If How can you be rich if you work for servants? "Chen She said to Taixi, "Oh, how can the sparrow know the ambition of the swan?"

In the seventh month of the first year of the second dynasty, Lu Zuo was born. \Suitable for garrison in Yuyang, 900 people\camped in Daze Township. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang both took the next step and became the village commanders. It will rain heavily, the road is blocked, and the time has passed. If the deadline is missed, all laws will be cut off. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Naimou said: "If you die now, you will die. If you make a big plan, you will die. If you wait for death, how can the country die?" Chen Sheng said: "The world has been suffering from Qin for a long time. I heard that the second generation has a young son, so it is not appropriate to establish it. The one who should be appointed is the young master Fu Su. Fu Su sent out some advice to the foreign generals. He may have been killed by the second generation, but the people knew that Xiang Yan was a Chu general. , I have meritorious service, I love my soldiers, and the people of Chu feel pity for them. Now I sincerely call myself Master Fusu and Xiang Yan to sing for the world." Wu Guang thought so. . It’s about divination.

The divination person knew what it meant, and said: "Everything is accomplished with just one step, and there is merit. But the divination is the ghost of the first step!" Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought about the ghost, and said: "I will teach you this first. "Powerful to all ears." It is written in the Dan book on silk: "King Chen Sheng (wang is pronounced as wang, the fourth tone)", and it is placed in the belly of a fish (羾 is pronounced as zeng, the first tone). The soldier bought a fish and cooked it, and found a book in the belly of the fish, so he thought it was strange. "Youjian (jian is pronounced as jian, the fourth tone)" ordered Wu Guang to sit next to the Cong Temple. At night, there was a bonfire. Foxes croaked and shouted, "The Great Chu is rising, King Chen Sheng". All the soldiers were frightened at night. On the same day, he suffered a stroke. The common saying refers to Mu Chen Sheng.

Wu Guangsu loves people, and most of his soldiers are used by him. The general is drunk, and Guanggu says a few words that he wants to die, is angry, and humiliates him to anger his people. Wei Guo whipped (第 pronounced as chi, the first sound) Guang. Wei raised his sword and seized the opportunity to kill him. Chen Sheng assisted him and killed the two lieutenants. , If you miss the deadline, you should be killed. I ordered my brother not to kill him, but to garrison the dead for sixteen or seventy years. Moreover, if a strong man does not die, he will be famous, and if he dies, he will be famous. Princes, generals, ministers, and Ning (Ning pronounced as ning, the fourth tone) have the guts! All the disciples said: "I respect you and accept your order." ”

They falsely called them Princes Fusu and Xiang Yan, and they followed the wishes of the people. They favored the right and called them Da Chu. They formed an alliance for the altar and sacrificed the captain’s head. Chen Sheng established himself as a general, and Wu Guang was the capital. Wei. Attack Daze Township and capture Qixia. He ordered General Ge Ying from Fuli to attack Qi (Zhi, the fourth tone) and Feng (酂, cuo). Second tone), Ku, Zhe (Zhe pronounced as zhe, fourth tone), and Qiao (Qiao pronounced as Qiao, second tone) all came down to retreat to Chen, with six to seven hundred chariots and more than a thousand riders. , tens of thousands of people were killed in the attack on Chen, but Chen Shouling was not there. He was not able to win, but he died, so he went to occupy Chen for a few days. He ordered the three elders and heroes to come and take care of things. .

The three elders and heroes all said: "The general's body is strong and sharp, he attacks the unjust, punishes the Qin Dynasty, and restores the country of Chu. His merits make him the king." "Chen She was made king and named Zhang Chu. At this time, all the prefectures and counties who tortured the officials of Qin all punished their chief officials and killed them in response to Chen She. Therefore, Uncle Wu was made the false king and imprisoned. The generals will attack Xingyang from the west, and order Wuchen, Zhang Er, and Chen Yu of Chen to go to Zhao's territory, and Deng Zong of Ruyin to go to Jiujiang County. At this time, there are thousands of Chu soldiers gathered. /p>

Chen Sheng Wang Fan has become the king in June. His old friend, Wang Chen, heard about it with the servants. When he heard about it, he locked the palace gate and said, "I want to see She." "The gate of the palace made people want to fight. They defended themselves and refused to pass. When King Chen came out, he blocked the road and called She. When King Chen heard about it, he summoned him and returned with him. Entering the palace, he saw the palace room. When the curtains were opened, the guest said: "Hey! She is the king of Shenchen! "Chu people said that most of them were groups, so it was spread throughout the world that Huoshe was the king, beginning with Chen She. Guests coming in and out became more and more expressive, talking about King Chen's old feelings. Or King Chen said: "The guests are ignorant, Zhuan False words, underestimating authority. "King Chen beheaded him. All the old friends of King Chen were lured away by themselves, so they were not related to King Chen.

Extended information:

Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng, was named She.

Wu Guang, a native of Yangxia, was given the courtesy name Uncle. When Chen Sheng was young, he and others were hired to plow the land. One day he stopped plowing and walked to the high ground to rest. He sighed for a long time due to disappointment and said: "If anyone becomes rich, don't forget everyone." Together. The fellow tillers smiled and replied: "How can you, a hired farmer, get wealth?" Chen She sighed and said, "Hey, how can a sparrow know the ambition of a swan?"

In July of the first year of Qin II, the imperial court recruited poor people to garrison Yuyang and stationed them in Daze Township. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were all included in the relegated garrison team and served as the small leader of the garrison team. It happened to be raining heavily and the roads were blocked, so we were probably delayed. If the deadline is missed, everyone should be beheaded according to the law (of the Qin Dynasty). Chen Sheng and Wu Guang then discussed: "Even if you run away now (get caught), you will die. If you start an uprising, you will die. The same is death. If you die for state affairs, is it okay?" Chen Sheng said: "The people of the world have been persecuted by the Qin Dynasty for a long time. . I heard that Qin II was the youngest son of the First Emperor and should not be made emperor. The son Fusu should be made.

The emperor sent him outside because of his repeated admonitions. Now some people heard that he was not guilty, but Qin II killed him. Most of the people heard that he was a wise man, but they didn't know that he was a general of Chu. He had made many military exploits. He loved the soldiers, and the people of Chu loved him. Some people thought he was dead, and some thought he had escaped. Now if we falsely claim that our people are the troops of Prince Fusu and Xiang Yan, and call on the people of the world to rebel against Qin, there will be people. Many people responded." Wu Guang thought he was right. So the two went to divination (to predict good or bad luck).

The divination people understood their intentions and said: "You can succeed in all your big things and build meritorious deeds. But have you ever asked ghosts and gods about things?" Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were very happy and considered divination. He said, "This is just teaching us how to use ghosts and gods to intimidate people." So he used cinnabar to write "King Chen Sheng" (three characters) on silk and put it in the belly of the fish caught by others. When the soldiers bought fish and cooked it, they found silk books in the belly of the fish. They were already surprised by this.

Chen Sheng secretly sent Wu Guang to the temple in the jungle next to the camp, holding a lantern at night and shouting in a shrill voice like a fox howling: "The great Chu will rise, and Chen Sheng will be the king." Soldiers. They were terrified all night. The next day, there was a lot of discussion among the soldiers. They just pointed and looked at Chen Sheng with each other's eyes.

Wu Guang always loved the soldiers, and most of them were willing to listen to (his) orders. (One day) the general escorting the garrison soldiers was drunk. Wu Guang deliberately said that he wanted to escape many times, which made the general angry and let him Insult yourself to piss off the soldiers. The general really hit Wu Guang with a bamboo board. The general unsheathed his sword and wanted to kill Wu Guang. Wu Guang jumped up, grabbed the sword and killed the general.

Chen Sheng helped him and killed two generals together. (So ??Chen Sheng) summoned and ordered his subordinates to say: "You have encountered heavy rain and have missed the deadline. If you miss the deadline, you will be beheaded. If you can only avoid beheading, but you will die if you go to guard the border fortress." Sixty-seven out of ten.

Besides, it’s enough for a strong man to die. If he dies, he should achieve a great reputation. Are princes, generals and ministers born with noble qualities?” All the subordinates said: “Willing to obey?” Your order." So he pretended to be the prince to support Su Xiang Yan's troops and obeyed the people's wishes. Each one showed his right arm (as a sign of uprising) and was known as Da Chu. Build a high platform with earth, swear an oath on the platform, and sacrifice the heads of (two) generals to heaven. Chen Sheng established himself as general, and Wu Guang was appointed captain. They attacked Daze Township, gathered the rebels in Daze Township, and then attacked Qixian County.

After Qi was captured, he sent Ge Ying from Fuli to lead an army to patrol the area east of Qi County. Chen Sheng attacked Zhifu, Kuzheqiao and other places and captured them all. Collect soldiers along the march. By the time they arrived in Chen County, there were six to seven hundred tanks, more than a thousand cavalry, and tens of thousands of soldiers. When Chen County was attacked, the county guards and magistrates there were not there. Only the Shou Cheng led his troops to fight against the rebels in the city gate. The Shou Cheng was unable to win and was killed. Then the rebel army entered the city and occupied Chen County.

A few days later, Chen Sheng ordered to summon local discipline officials and talented squires to gather together.

The country officials and gentry all said, "General, you are personally wearing battle armor and holding sharp weapons to defeat the unjust tyrants, destroy the brutal Qin Dynasty, and rebuild the country of Chu. You should be crowned king according to your merits." Chen She then established himself on his own. He became the king and his official name was Zhang Chu. At this time, the people in various counties and counties who had suffered greatly from the officials of the Qin Dynasty rose up to punish the local chiefs and killed them in response to Chen Sheng's (call).

So Wu Guang was appointed as the acting king and led the generals to attack Xingyang (in today's Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) westward. He ordered the military minister Zhang Er and Chen Yu from Chen County to capture the territory formerly under the jurisdiction of Zhao, and ordered Deng Zong from Ruyin (today's Fuyang, Anhui) to capture Jiujiang County (today's Shouxian, Anhui). At this time, thousands of people in the Chu region gathered to revolt, and there were countless people.

Ge Ying arrived at Dongcheng (now Dingyuan, Anhui) and established Xiang Qiang as King of Chu. Ge Ying later heard that Chen Sheng had proclaimed himself king, so he killed Xiang Qiang and reported back to Chen Sheng. As soon as he arrived in Chen County, Chen Sheng killed Ge Ying. Chen Sheng ordered the Wei people Zhou Shi to go north to capture the places that originally belonged to the Wei state. Wu Guang surrounded Xingyang. Li You was appointed as the guard of Sanchuan County (now east of Baima Temple in Luoyang, Henan Province. Li You, the son of Li Si) defended Xingyang, but Wu Guang could not attack it for a long time. Chen Sheng summoned the heroes in the country to discuss countermeasures and appointed Cai Ci, the ruler of Shangcai (in the jurisdiction of Zhumadian City, Henan Province today), as Shangzhuguo.

Zhou Wen (composed as Zhou Zhang in "Anthology of Historical Records") was a famous sage in Chen County. He was once a fortune teller in Xiang Yan's army, and also served under Huang Xie, Lord Chun Shen of Chu Dynasty. , he claimed to be familiar with the use of troops, so King Chen awarded him the seal of general and led his troops to the west to attack Qin. He gathered troops and horses as he walked along the way. When he arrived at Hangu Pass (Lingbao, Henan), there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. When he arrived at Xiting (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi, 40 kilometers away from Xianyang), He settled down.

The Qin Dynasty sent Zhang Han, the young governor, to pardon those who had committed crimes and served in Lishan Mountain and the sons of domestic slaves, and mobilized them all to attack Zhang Chu's army and defeated them all. Zhou Wen After the failure, he escaped from Hangu Pass and stayed in Caoyang (southwest of Sanmenxia, ??Henan) for two or three months. Zhang Han chased him again and defeated him, then fled to Mianchi (now Sanmenxia, ??Henan) and stayed there for more than ten days. Zhang Han came to pursue him again and defeated him miserably. Zhou Wen committed suicide and his army could no longer fight.

When the military minister arrived at Handan, he proclaimed himself the king of Zhao, Chen Yu became the general, and Zhang Er summoned Sao to serve as the prime minister on the left and right. King Chen was very angry when he found out, so he arrested and imprisoned the family members of Wu Chen and others, intending to kill them.

Cai Ci of Shangzhu State said: "Killing the family members of King Zhao, generals and ministers before the Qin Dynasty is destroyed is equivalent to giving birth to another Qin State that is our enemy. It would be better to enfeoff him." King Chen then sent envoys to the State of Zhao to congratulate him. At the same time, he moved the family members of the military officials and others to the palace and placed them under house arrest. He also made Zhang Er's son Zhang Ao the king of Chengdu, and urged the Zhao State's army to march to Hangu Pass as soon as possible.

The generals and ministers of the King of Zhao and his ministers discussed and said: "Your Majesty, it is not Chu's original intention to be king of Zhao. After Chu defeats Qin, he will definitely attack Zhao. The best way is The best thing to do is not to send troops to march west, but to send people to the north to capture the original jurisdiction of Yan to expand our own land. Zhao State has the natural danger of the Yellow River to the south and the vast land of Yan Dynasty to the north. Even if Chu State defeats Qin State. , and dare not come to suppress Zhao. If Chu cannot defeat Qin, Zhao will definitely take advantage of Qin's weakness to conquer the world. ”

King Zhao thought it was reasonable, so he did not send troops westward. Instead, he sent Han Guang, a former soldier of Shanggu County, to lead his troops north to capture the land of Yan.

The former aristocratic heroes of Yan State advised Han Guang: "The State of Chu has established a king, and the State of Zhao has also established a king. Although the State of Yan is small, it used to be a country with tens of thousands of chariots. I hope that you, general, can establish yourself as the king of Yan." Han Guang replied: "My mother is still in Zhao State, so I can't do it."

The Yan people said: "Zhao State is now worried about Qin in the west and south. Worrying about Chu, his power cannot restrain us. Besides, Chu State is so powerful that they don’t dare to kill the family members of the generals and kings of Zhao. How can Zhao State dare to kill the family members of your general?” Han Guang thought they were right. So he became King of Yan on his own initiative. After a few months, the State of Zhao sent people to escort the mother of King Yan and her family to the State of Yan.

At this time, there were countless generals who went to various places to attack cities and occupy territory. ("Zi Zhi Tong Jian": After Chen Sheng sent Zhou Zhang, he thought that the Qin government was in chaos and had the intention to despise the Qin government, so he no longer set up defenses. Dr. Kong Yu advised: "I heard that the art of war: 'Don't rely on war, the enemy will not come' Attack, but relying on war we are not afraid of attacking. 'Today the king only relies on the enemy not to attack, and does not rely on his own defense. Once the army is defeated, it will be too late to regret."

Chen Sheng said: "My. You don’t have to worry about military operations!") Zhou Shi went north to capture the city and arrived at Di County (now southeast of Gaoqing, Shandong). Tian Dan, a native of Di County, killed the magistrate of Di County and established himself as the king of Qi. The strength to counterattack Zhou Shi. Zhou Shi's army was defeated and retreated to Wei, intending to make Ningling Junjiu, a descendant of King Wei, king of Wei.

At that time, the fault was with King Chen and he could not return to Wei. After the Wei Dynasty was pacified, everyone wanted to jointly support Zhou Shi as the king of Wei, but Zhou Shi refused to accept it. The envoys went back and forth between King Chen and Zhou City five times. King Chen agreed to make Ningling Jun Jiu the king of Wei and sent him back to Wei. Zhou Shi finally became the prime minister of Wei.

General Tian Zang and others planned together and said: "Zhou Wen's army has been defeated, and Qin's army will arrive sooner or later. We have surrounded Xingyang City for a long time and cannot capture it. If Qin's army arrives, it will definitely be defeated." They were defeated. It would be better to leave a small number of troops to defend Xingyang and use all the remaining elite troops to attack the Qin army.

Now the acting king Wu Guang is arrogant and does not know how to use military tactics. We can't discuss matters with such a person. If we don't kill him, our plan may be ruined." So they pretended to have King Chen's order and killed Wu Guang, and presented Wu Guang's head to King Chen. King Chen sent an envoy to give Tian Zang the seal of Chu Lingyin and appointed him as a general.

Tian Zang sent his general Li Gui and others to garrison Xingyang City, and led his elite troops westward to Aocang to face the Qin army. When the two sides fought, Tian Zang died in the battle and the army collapsed. Zhang Han led his troops to Xingyang City to attack Li Gui and others, and defeated them. Li Gui and others died in the battle.

Deng Shuo, a native of Yangcheng, led troops stationed in Jiacheng (originally called Tancheng, adapted from "Historical Records Suoyin" and "Historical Records Zhengyi". Today's Jiaxian County, Henan), and was led by Zhang Han's troops. The army was defeated, and Deng Yue led his army to flee to Chen County. Wu Xu, a Zhi man, led his troops to station in Xu County (today's east of Xuchang, Henan Province), but Zhang Han's army defeated him. Wu Xu's army broke up and fled to Chen County. King Chen killed Deng and said.

When Chen Sheng just became king, he was a native of Qin Jiazu County, Ling County (now Siyang, Jiangsu Province), Dong Jie Fuli (now northeast of Suzhou, Anhui Province), a native of Zhujishichulu (now southwest of Suining, Jiangsu Province). Ding Ji and others from Zheng Buxu County (now southeast of Sihong, Jiangsu Province) rose up against Qin alone. They led the troops and besieged the governor of Donghai County named Qing in Tancheng (the administrative seat of Donghai County, in the jurisdiction of today's Linyi City, Shandong Province).

When King Chen heard about it, he sent Lord Wu Ping named Pan as a general to supervise and lead all the armies under Tan City. Qin Jia refused to accept this order and established himself as Grand Sima, not wanting to be subordinate to Lord Wuping. He told his military officials: "Wu Pingjun is young and does not understand military affairs. Don't listen to him!" Then he killed Wu Pingpan under the pretense of King Chen's order.

After Zhang Han defeated Wu Xu, he then attacked Chen County. Cai Ci, king of Chen's Shangzhu State, died in the battle. Zhang Han then led troops to attack Zhang He's troops stationed in the west of Chen County. King Chen personally came out to supervise the battle, but the Chu army was still defeated and Zhang He was killed.

In December, King Chen retreated to Ruyin (now Fuyang, Anhui). When he returned to Xiachengfu (now Guoyang, Anhui), his coachman Zhuang Jia killed him and surrendered to the Qin army. After Chen Sheng's death, he was buried in Dang County (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan), and his posthumous title was King Yin.

General Lu Chen, the former minister of King Chen, organized a "Cangtou Army" with heads wrapped in green scarves. They attacked Chen County from Xinyang (today's north of Anhui Province). After conquering, they killed Zhuang Jia also took Chen County as the capital of Chu.

Qin Jia and others heard that King Chen's army had been defeated and fled, so he appointed Jingju as King of Chu, led his troops to Fangyu (now west of Yutai, Shandong), and prepared to attack Dingtao ( Attacked the Qin army near today's Heze City, Shandong Province). So he sent Gongsun Qing as an envoy to the state of Qi to meet with King Tian Dan of Qi, hoping to unite with him to march together.

The King of Qi said: "I heard that King Chen was defeated and his life and death are still unknown. How could the State of Chu declare itself king without asking me for instructions?" Gongsun Qing said: "The State of Qi did not ask the State of Chu for instructions. As for establishing a king, why does Chu need to ask Qi for instructions? Besides, Chu was the first to rebel against Qin, so he should give orders to the world. "Tian Dan killed Gongsun Qing.

Qin's left and right captains led their troops to attack Chen County again and occupied it. After General Lu Chen failed to escape, he regrouped his troops. He joined forces with the army led by Yingbu, who had been a thief in Poyang and was named Dangyang Lord, and attacked the army of Qin's left and right captains, defeated them at Qingbo, and once again made Chen County the capital of Chu. At this time, Xiang Liang made Xin, the grandson of King Huai of Chu, the king of Chu.

Chen Sheng became President King for six months. After becoming king, he made Chen County the capital. Once upon a time, a man who had been hired by him to plow fields heard that he had become king. He came to Chen County, knocked on the palace door and said, "I want to see Chen She." The officer guarding the palace gate wanted to tie him up. . After he repeatedly explained, he was released, but still refused to inform him.

When King Chen went out, he blocked the road and called Chen She's name. After hearing this, King Chen summoned him and took a carriage back to the palace with him. After walking into the palace and seeing the curtains and curtains of the halls and houses, the guest said: "Hey! King Chen She's palace is so tall and deep!" People in Chu called "many" "huo", so it was spread throughout the world that "Huo She is the king" The common saying started from Chen She.

This guest came and went in and out of the palace more and more freely, and often told people about Chen She's past events. Someone said to King Chen: "Your guest is ignorant and talks nonsense, which is detrimental to your majesty." King Chen killed the visitor.

Anyone they don't like, once they make a mistake, they will punish them without giving it to the officials in charge of justice. King Chen trusted them very much. Because of these reasons, the generals no longer stayed close to him. This is the reason why King Chen failed.

Although Chen Sheng was dead, the princes and generals he appointed and sent finally destroyed the Qin Dynasty. This was due to Chen She's first uprising against Qin. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, thirty families were placed in Dang County to guard Chen She's tomb. Even during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, they still killed animals on time to offer sacrifices to him. ("Book of Han": Wang Mang was defeated before the end of the war.)

Mr. Chu (Chu Shaosun) said: The terrain is difficult and difficult, which is convenient for holding on; weapons, equipment and legal regulations are convenient for ruling the country. But these are not the most reliable. Isn't it true that the former kings regarded benevolence, righteousness and morality as the foundation for governing the country, but regarded the consolidation of frontier fortresses and the formulation of legal provisions as branches and leaves? I once heard an article by Jia Yi saying:

Qin Xiaogong occupied the dangerous terrain of Xiaoshan and Hangu, and owned the entire Yongzhou area (today's Shaanxi and Gansu areas). The monarchs and ministers were firmly guarding it, and they could always spy on the Zhou Dynasty's regime. , has the power to sweep the world, encompass the entire universe, encompass the four seas, and have the ambition to occupy far-flung places in all directions. At this time, Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong, established a legal system internally, devoted himself to farming and weaving, improved offensive and defensive weapons, and used the strategy of liaison and hegemony externally to make the princes fight against each other.

As a result, Qin State easily and effortlessly acquired a large area of ??land west of the Yellow River.

After the death of Duke Xiao of Qin, King Huiwen of Qin and King Wu of Qin and King Zhaoxiang took over the governance of Qin Xiaogong. Following the strategies left by their ancestors, they captured Hanzhong to the south, Bashu to the southwest, and Bashu to the east. The fertile land was cut to the north, and the strategic and dangerous counties were captured to the north. The princes were frightened and panicked because of this, and they met to form an alliance to discuss countermeasures to weaken Qin. They spare no effort in precious treasures and fertile land to recruit talents from all over the world.

Adopt a cooperative strategy to form a covenant, support each other, and become one body. At this time, the state of Qi has Lord Mengchang, the state of Zhao has Lord Pingyuan, the state of Chu has Lord Chunshen, and the state of Wei has Lord Xinling: these four princes are all wise, loyal and trustworthy, generous and kind-hearted and cherish talents, respect the wise and value scholars. people. They agreed with each other to implement a vertical alliance to resist Qin, to destroy Qin's strategy of alliance and horizontal alliance, and to unite relevant people from Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei, Zhongshan and other countries.

Then treat the four directions of heaven and earth as your home, and Hangu Pass on Mount Xiao as your palace wall.

But Chen She alone initiated the uprising, and the seventh-generation ancestral temple of the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. Even the prince of Qin died in the hands of others and was ridiculed by everyone in the world. What is the reason? This is because the situation of conquering the world without practicing benevolent government is different from that of defending the world later. "

The reasons why Chen Sheng should not rush to claim the title of king:

The first is the purpose of the uprising. The two first denounced Qin's atrocities in angry words, "Husband Qin is doing nothing. "Tao, destroy people's country, destroy people's society, destroy future generations, use up the people's strength, use up the people's wealth", and then explained that the purpose of Chen Sheng's uprising was to uphold justice on behalf of the world and eliminate the brutal Qin State. In this way, this Chen Sheng's uprising was This uprising is absolutely just and can get the response of the people of the world. However, if Chen Sheng is eager to become king as soon as he takes over Chen land, it will reveal Chen Sheng's selfishness of seeking fame, wealth and power, and it will be difficult to gather the leaders of the uprising. The second is the strategy of the uprising. After clarifying the purpose of the uprising, Zhang and Chen began to make careful plans for Chen Sheng, thus performing a Chen Sheng version of "Longzhong Duel." ". After Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, the descendants of the six kingdoms were scattered all over the country. Under the rule of the violent Qin, they all had an urgent desire to restore the country.

If Chen Sheng did not become king himself, but helped When the descendants of the Six Kingdoms returned to the country, they could win over and gather people's hearts. With the help of Chen Sheng, the people of the Six Kingdoms rallied the rebel army and after destroying Qin, they were naturally grateful to Chen Sheng. In this way, Chen Sheng relied on his contribution to the rebellion and helped the Six Kingdoms. The prestige of restoring the country can gain the support of princes from all over the world and achieve the goal of becoming an emperor.

What Zhang Er and Chen Yu said is not unreasonable. In comparison, Chen Sheng was still very weak. There was no precedent in history for Chen Sheng to rebel as a commoner. His status as a commoner and his military strength were not enough to support him to become king of Chen Er and to intimidate the world. The strategy was to help Chen Sheng accumulate strength, make allies, and gradually establish the prestige of calling the world.

However, Chen Sheng still insisted on becoming king. In fact, the purpose of Chen Sheng's uprising was not as Zhang and Chen thought. It is said that "to eliminate the disabled in the world". On the one hand, his actions are driven by the desperation of "if you die now, if you make great plans, you will die", on the other hand, it is the so-called pursuit of fame and wealth.

"Fight the unjust and punish the Qin Dynasty" is just the slogan of Chen Sheng's uprising, not his true thoughts. There are many clues in the text of "Chen She Family". For example, when Chen Sheng was a child, he said to his companions, "Gou." "Wealth and honor never forget each other", which reflects Chen Sheng's extreme desire for wealth. Another example is that during the uprising, Chen Sheng looked up to the sky and asked: "Do princes and generals have the guts to be happy with each other?" "It nakedly exposed that the purpose of the uprising was the yearning for the power of princes, generals and ministers.

Therefore, when Chen Sheng occupied Chendi, he naturally couldn't wait to become king to satisfy his desire for power. Assume As Zhang Er and Chen Yu said, "Sending people to establish the Queen of the Six Kingdoms" gave up the position of prince to others. How could the short-sighted Chen Sheng be willing?

Facts have proved that Chen Sheng's choice was unwise. His move to become king prematurely led to the alienation of the rebel team, and he paid a heavy price for it. Logically speaking, Ge Ying was loyal to Chen Sheng, and "he who doesn't know is not guilty." As for the fate of being executed, Chen Sheng knew that if Ge Ying was not punished severely, it would inevitably happen again that the generals claimed to be kings. Chen Sheng's move was intended to scare the monkeys.

However, even if Chen Sheng killed Ge Ying, Chen Sheng's prestige could not stop the generals from becoming kings. What is interesting is that he was the first to challenge Chen. The king's authority was Zhang Er and Chen Yu, who had advised Chen Sheng.

It turned out that after Chen Sheng became king in Chendi, he appointed his generals Wu Chen as generals, Zhang Er and Chen Yu as the left and right captains, and the north. The military officials used Kuai Tong's plan to spread the message and quickly pacified the Zhao territory. When the military officials were about to return to Chen to report to Chen Sheng, Zhang Er and Chen Yu took into account his personal grudges with Chen Sheng and Chen Sheng. After listening to the slander and killing the various evil deeds of the heroes, he persuaded the military ministers to establish themselves as the king of Zhao in order to calm the hearts of the people of Zhao.

The military minister hesitated again and again, and finally listened to the opinions of Zhang Er and Chen Yu, and took over Zhao's territory to become king.

The king of Chen was furious and wanted to kill all the clan's military officials and other families, so he sent troops to attack Zhao. The king of Chen, the prime minister of the country, admonished the king and said: "The Qin Dynasty killed the military ministers and other families before it was destroyed. This will give birth to a new Qin. It is better to congratulate it and lead troops to the west to attack Qin." Chen Wang then followed his plan and moved to the military ministers and other families. In the family palace, Zhang Erzi Ao was granted the title of Lord of Chengdu.

At first Chen Sheng was very angry and wanted to kill Wu Chen's family and send troops to attack Zhao. Later, under Fang Jun's persuasion, he sized up the situation and held back, and instead made peace with Wu Chen. Chen Sheng's compromise actually marked the bankruptcy of Chen Sheng's strategy of becoming king to command the world.

As soon as this started, various places followed suit and proclaimed themselves kings. Han Guang established himself as King of Yan, Tian Dan established himself as King of Qi, and Zhou Shi established Wei Jiu, a descendant of the Wei Kingdom, as King of Wei. For a time, everything flourished. Chen Sheng had actually lost his leadership of the rebel armies in various places. Chen Sheng ruthlessly killed Ge Ying and tried his best to extinguish the spark of the generals becoming kings, but in the end it inevitably started a prairie fire.

Therefore, every time I read the passage at the end of the text where Chen Sheng becomes king, I feel a touch of sadness. Chen Sheng's clown-like farce of claiming the throne is not a happy ending, but only the beginning of a tragedy. What the textbook excerpts is only one side of history. When we master more textual information, we will discover a more fleshed-out character and construct a three-dimensional history.

Reference: Chen She Family_Baidu Encyclopedia