Analyze the main types and artistic characteristics of painted pottery culture in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin?

Compared with Lhasa Qugong, it is similar in appearance, but "compared with Karuo culture, it is quite different in other aspects except that the carved lines, rope lines, additional pile lines and ceramic bottom are flat." In order to facilitate the analysis, we will briefly compare the main relics of Linzhi culture type (stone tools and pottery) with similar unearthed objects in Karuo and Qugong sites, as follows:

From the table 1 (omitted), it can be seen that the stone tools and pottery in Linzhi cultural types are not exactly the same as Qugong or Karuo, and most of the factors exist in the latter two, but many factors of the latter two are not found in Linzhi cultural types, such as painted pottery, decorations and fine stone tools. The data in Linzhi area are mostly collected rather than scientifically excavated. Therefore, it is difficult to summarize all the characteristics of its cultural characteristics in the existing materials. We tend to divide the Neolithic remains in Linzhi area into another cultural type different from Qugong and Karuo, mainly based on the following understandings: a, many characteristics of this kind of remains are different from Karuo and Qugong, so it is impossible to classify them into any known cultural type at present; B this kind of remains are mainly distributed in forests and mountainous areas in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river at an altitude of 2,900 meters to 700 meters, and their natural environment is quite different from that of karuo and qugong. C. There are no microliths in this kind of remains, and there are not many forged stone tools, which may indicate that its economic structure or shape is different from Karuo and Qugong, which are mostly forged stone tools and have microliths; D. Southeast Tibet, including Linzhi, is mainly an area with frequent activities of ethnic minorities such as Barrow and Menba.

4. Cultural types in northwest Tibet

This cultural type is represented by the remains of microliths distributed in northern Tibet, western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the middle and upper reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River. Their distribution height is above 4000 meters, the highest is 5200 meters, and the height of most places is above 4500 meters. The main characteristics of this cultural type are: agricultural production tools, pottery and other daily necessities are not seen, and large tools such as stone tools are rarely seen; Stone products are collected from the surface, and the landforms in the distribution area are mostly river and lake terraces, wide valleys in ancient lake basins, gentle slopes at the foothills, etc. Compared with the artifacts unearthed from Karuo and Qugong sites, the technology of microliths is relatively primitive. The microliths in Tibet are widely distributed and last for a long time. Generally speaking, the microliths in the northwest plateau of Tibet and the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River may be not only older, but also the most concentrated areas in Tibet. The main difference between this type and Karuo, Qugong and Linzhi cultural types is that there are no agricultural economic and cultural factors, and it should represent a regional economic and cultural type dominated by hunting. Of course, the "cultural types of northwest Tibet" we are proposing at present is only a very rough division. With the deepening and expansion of field archaeological work in Tibet, new discoveries and understandings may be made in this kind of remains.

To sum up, we can see that among the Neolithic cultural types in Tibet, Karuo and Qugong are the two most distinctive cultural systems, which can be regarded as the two main types of Neolithic culture in Tibet.

Karuo type is a Neolithic culture with regional characteristics in eastern Tibet. Although they are obviously different from the Qugong type in the heart of Tibet, their characteristics are also obvious. The most important points: First, the number of forged stone tools accounts for the vast majority of stone tools; Secondly, the technology and types of stone tools have strong regional characteristics, that is, they are marked by various stone tools with gravel skin, disc-shaped devices, spherical smashing devices, axe-shaped cleavers and stone tools with one-step molding without two-step processing; Thirdly, this hammered stone tool has inherited the tradition of hammered stone tools since the Paleolithic Age in Tibet, such as the developed straight edge, the wrong processing (adjacent and opposite sides) in the repair technology and so on. All these indicate that Karuo and Qugong are both primitive plateau cultures with obvious "indigenous" characteristics.