Zhaoqing City’s 2012 High School Entrance Examination History and Politics Syllabus, if not, here are some review points.

2012 High School Entrance Examination Political Review Outline

Part One: Common Knowledge of National Conditions

1. Adhere to the Party’s Basic Line Unswervingly

(1) ) The status of the party The status of the party

1. The status of the party: The party is the core force leading socialism with Chinese characteristics and the fundamental guarantee for the smooth progress of modernization. The status of the party:

2. Why has the Communist Party of China become the core leadership of socialism with Chinese characteristics? Due to her advanced nature (performance) why has the Communist Party of China become the core leadership of socialism with Chinese characteristics? Originating from her advanced nature (performance)

This is because (1) three representatives: the party always represents the development requirements of China’s advanced productive forces, represents the direction of China’s advanced culture, and represents the aspirations of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. fundamental interests.

(2) The party’s goal: to seek the independence and rejuvenation of the nation, the prosperity and strength of the country, and the liberation and happiness of the people. (3) The nature of the party: it is the vanguard of the Chinese working class and at the same time It is the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.

(2) Basic Line 3. The Party’s Basic Line in the Primary Stage of Socialism

3. The Party’s Basic Line in the Primary Stage of Socialism: Leading and uniting the people of all ethnic groups in the country, Focusing on economic construction, we must adhere to the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism, adhere to the four basic principles, adhere to reform and opening up, be self-reliant, and work hard to build our country into a prosperous, democratic, civilized, and harmonious modern socialist country.

4. The core content of the party’s basic line is one center and two basic points.

4. The core content of the party’s basic line is one center and two basic points. The core content of the party’s basic line is a center. 5. Why is economic construction the center (how to understand that development is the last word)?

5. Why focus on economic construction (how to understand that development is the last word)?

Why focus on economic construction ① Focusing on economic construction is the key to rejuvenating the country and is the fundamental requirement for the prosperity and long-term stability of our country. ② Accelerating economic development and vigorously developing productivity are our fundamental tasks. ③ Enhancing comprehensive national strength and improving people's lives are inseparable from development; ④ Consolidating and improving the socialist system and giving full play to the advantages of the socialist system are inseparable from development; ⑤ Maintaining social stability and achieving long-term peace and stability in the country are inseparable from development; ⑥ Improving international Competitiveness and seizing the initiative in international struggles are inseparable from development; ⑦ Completing the great cause of reunification of the motherland and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are also inseparable from development. ⑧Development is the key to solving all problems in our country. The crux of the matter. 6. Why reform? (Necessity of reform)

6. Why should reform be carried out? (Necessity of reform) Why reform? (Necessity of reform ① my country’s specific socialist system is not yet mature and perfect, and there are various institutional shortcomings. ② It inhibits the enthusiasm and creativity of workers, causing economic organizations to lose their due vitality. ③ It hinders the development of productivity and the improvement of people's living standards. Only through reform can we clear the way for the further development of productivity. Practice has proved that reform is the direct driving force for my country's social development.

7. How to understand the impact of reform. What is the role of reform in my country's social development? (The significance of reform.) How to understand the role of reform in my country's social development? The society has been injected with vitality and vitality, (2) it has greatly mobilized the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of the people, (3) it has greatly liberated social productive forces, and the national economy has developed rapidly. Practice has proved that reform is the key to my country's social development. Direct power. Direct power.

8. The nature of reform: It is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system; the purpose of reform is to liberate and develop productive forces.

8. The nature of reform: It is. The socialist system improves and develops itself; the purpose of reform is to liberate and develop productive forces.

Nature of reform

9. Why should we open up to the outside world?

9. Why should we open up to the outside world? Why should we open up to the outside world? ① Today’s world is an open world, and if China wants to develop, it must go global. ② Only by opening up to the outside world can we make use of foreign funds, technology and advanced management experience, make better use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources, keep up with the development trend of the new technological revolution, and catch up with the world's advanced level. ③Opening up to the outside world is a basic national policy that our country must adhere to for a long time.

10. my country’s opening-up includes two basic approaches: “bringing in” and “going out”. Specific measures include:

Specific measures include developing foreign trade, utilizing foreign capital, introducing advanced foreign technology, establishing special economic zones and economic and technological development zones, contracting projects and setting up enterprises abroad, etc.

11. How should our young people treat reform and opening up? ① Each of us should treat the difficulties and problems on the road of reform as a master, correctly treat the impact of reform on individuals and families, and strive to be a supporter, participant and promoter of the reform cause. ② Our young people should establish an international awareness of equality, openness and participation, comprehensively improve their own quality, and be fully prepared to participate in my country's opening-up cause in the future.

(3) Common ideals

12. What are the common ideals of the people of all ethnic groups in our country?

12. What is the common ideal of the people of all ethnic groups in our country? What is the common ideal of the people of all ethnic groups in our country? To build our country into a prosperous, democratic, civilized, and harmonious modern socialist country. This is also the historical responsibility entrusted to contemporary youth by the times.

13. Three steps

13. Three steps: ①, food and clothing in 1990 ② , overall moderate prosperity in 2000 , 2020 overall moderate prosperity ③ , realize modernization in three steps in 2050

14. The overall characteristics of a moderately prosperous society: low level, incomplete, and unbalanced development. 14. The overall characteristics of a moderately prosperous society: low level, incomplete, and unbalanced development. Characteristics of an overall well-off society

15. Why should we carry forward the spirit of hard work?

Why we should carry forward the spirit of hard struggle ① Hard work is the only way to achieve our ideals, it is our fine tradition, and it is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. ② It is determined by our country’s basic national conditions and the ideal of realizing communism.

16. Advocating hard work does not mean advocating living a hard life and being an ascetic. It is against extravagance and enjoyment. Only by starting from daily study, work and life, and consciously tempering ourselves, can we gradually develop ourselves into people who can bear the burden of others.

(4) my country’s economic system

17. my country’s basic economic system is that public ownership is the mainstay and multiple ownership economies develop simultaneously.

18. The reason for adhering to the basic economic system: It is determined by the nature of our country and our basic national conditions. That is (our country is in the primary stage of socialism, with low productivity levels and unbalanced development.)

19. The various economic components of the public-owned economy in our country include the state-owned economy, the collective economy and the state-owned economy in the mixed-ownership economy. composition, collective composition. Public ownership economy Non-public ownership economy includes non-public ownership components in individual economy, private economy, foreign-invested economy and mixed ownership economy.

20. The status of the public-owned economy: ①The public-owned economy occupies a dominant position in my country's national economy, ②It is the foundation of the socialist economic system, ③It is the basic force for the country to guide and promote economic development, ④It is the It is the fundamental guarantee for the fundamental interests and personal prosperity of the broad masses of the people.

21. The status of the non-public economy: ①The non-public economy is an important part of my country's market economy, ②It is an important force in promoting the development of my country's productivity.

22. The fundamental task of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, and the fundamental purpose is to achieve the common prosperity of all people.

23. How does my country treat the public and non-public economies?

23. How does my country treat the public and non-public economies? We must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy; we must unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy.

24. Why should we encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy?

(1) The non-public economy is an important part of my country’s market economy and an important force in promoting the development of productivity.

(2) It plays an important role in increasing tax revenue, activating the market, broadening employment opportunities, facilitating people's lives, and promoting rapid economic growth.

25. What are the standards for judging and weighing the merits and demerits of all aspects of work?

①Whether it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, ②Whether it is conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the socialist country, ③Whether it is conducive to improving people's living standards.

26. What are my country’s distribution principles and distribution system? Distribution principle: Establish that labor, capital, knowledge technology, management and other production factors participate in distribution according to their contribution. Distribution system: Distribution according to work is the main body, and various distribution methods coexist.

27. What is the significance of implementing such a distribution system? Significance: (1) It has changed the previous "big pot" approach, which is conducive to exerting the incentive effect of income distribution and greatly mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity. (2) It is conducive to attracting and retaining talents, giving full play to the role of talents, and promoting the development of the country and society. ⑶ Let the vitality of all labor, capital, technology, management and knowledge burst out, so that all sources of creating social wealth can fully flow.

(5) Democratic political system

28. What is the fundamental political system of our country? Why insist on this fundamental political system? The fundamental system of our country is the socialist system, and the fundamental political system is the People's Congress system.

Reasons: (1) In our country, the people are the masters of the country, and all power in the country belongs to the people. Due to the large population of our country, it is impossible for all people to directly manage the country. We can only elect representatives through democratic elections to form state power organs to manage state affairs on behalf of the people. The People's Congress is the organ through which the people exercise state power. (2) The People's Congress system is the fundamental political system of our country's national power. It is an important way and the highest form for our people to be the masters of the country. It effectively guarantees that the people are the masters of the country.

29. The People’s Congress, the organ of state power, includes: the National People’s Congress and local people’s congresses.

29. The People’s Congress is the party where the people exercise state power and state power. The People’s Congress at all levels , The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power in our country, exercising the highest legislative power, the highest decision-making power, the highest appointment and removal power, and the highest supervision power.

30. The relationship between the People’s Congress and the government, courts, and procuratorates (why does the State Council report to the People’s Congress)? (1) In our country, all power belongs to the people, and the People’s Congress is the organ through which the people exercise state power. (2) Our country implements the People’s Congress system, in which the People’s Congress exercises state power in a unified manner. The state’s power organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs are all generated by the People’s Congress, (3) and they are authorized to exercise administrative power, judicial power, and procuratorial power respectively. , the government, courts, and procuratorates must be accountable to the People's Congress at the same level and subject to its supervision. (4) They have different divisions of labor and different responsibilities. They are at the same level, but their fundamental goals are to represent the interests of the people and serve the people.

31. The relationship between deputies to the National People’s Congress and the people:

(1) Delegates to the People’s Congress at all levels in our country are elected by the people, (2) Deputies to the National People’s Congress are responsible to the people; (3) National People’s Congress Representatives accept supervision by the people, and the people have the right to remove representatives they are dissatisfied with. (4) Deputies to the National People’s Congress only exercise power on behalf of the people.

32. What are the principles for handling ethnic issues in our country? What kind of ethnic relations have formed in our country? Principles: Equality, unity, unity and prosperity. Principle Our country has formed a new socialist ethnic relationship of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony. 33. What is the significance of the regional ethnic autonomy policy implemented in our country?

33. What is the significance of my country’s regional ethnic autonomy policy? (1) Properly resolve the relationship between national unity and ethnic autonomy, not only safeguarding national unity and security, but also ensuring the independent rights of ethnic minorities to manage their own affairs, making ethnic minority people truly the masters of their own country. (2) my country’s implementation of the regional ethnic autonomy system has effectively promoted the equality, unity, and common prosperity of all ethnic groups.

34. How should teenagers handle ethnic relations? (1) We should consciously support our country’s ethnic policies. (2) In daily life and interactions, we must respect the customs and habits of all ethnic groups in everything we say and do, and do not do anything that hurts ethnic sentiments. Students of all ethnic groups should get along with each other equally, maintain ethnic unity with practical actions, and promote the unity of all ethnic groups. develop together.

(6) Achievements and Development

35. The manifestations of great changes in the country and the country: (1) Great changes have taken place in people’s lives. People have made a historic leap from being poor to having enough food and clothing, and then from having enough food and clothing to being generally well-off. (2) Comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced. Comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced. The comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced

36. The reasons for the tremendous changes in the Communist Party of China are:

(1) The correct leadership of the party (2) Adhere to reform and opening up (3) Adhere to a Center, two basic points (4) People's hard work (5) Adhere to the important thought of "Three Represents" (6) Adhere to the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of sustainable development (7) Adhere to the scientific outlook on development (8) Carry forward the hard work spirit (9) Adhere to the socialist system (10) Adhere to the national spirit and carry forward the spirit of hard struggle

37. The party’s guiding ideology in socialist modernization: Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory , the important thought of Three Represents and the scientific outlook on development.

38. Give examples to illustrate that the party is the practitioner of the important thought of "Three Represents" and the representative of advanced figures.

(1) Represents the development requirements of China’s advanced productive forces: A. Encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy; B. Build a new socialist countryside; C. Development of the western region D. Revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China (2) Represents the direction of China’s advanced culture: A. Implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education B. Establishing the National Science and Technology Award C. The successful launch of Shenzhou 7 and Chang’e 1 D. The successful hosting of the Beijing Olympics (3) Representing the vast majority of the Chinese people Fundamental interests A. Exemption from agricultural tax B. Implementation of two exemptions and one subsidy policy for compulsory education C. Implementation of low-rent housing system D. Pay attention to the re-employment of laid-off workers Representatives of advanced figures: Zheng Peimin, Kong Fansen, Ren Changxia, Wang Qimin, Xu Zhenchao, etc.

2. China and Science and Education Innovation

39. The role of science and technology (1) Practice has proved that the fate of a country and a nation is closely related to the development of science and technology. If a country or a nation loses science and technology, it will also You lose the future. (2) The primary productive force in the history of science and technology, which determines the level and speed of development of productive forces. (3) Science and technology have become the most important factor in promoting economic development. (4) Science and technology is a symbol of human civilization and has created huge material and spiritual wealth for mankind.

40. Manifestations of rapidly developing modern science and technology:

(1) Booming information technology (2) Rapidly rising life sciences (the mainstream of high technology in the 21st century) (3 ) Rapidly advancing space science (one of the fastest cutting-edge technologies in modern science and technology)

41. Scientific and technological achievements

(1) Chang'e 2 successfully flew to the moon (2) Shenzhou 7 The launch was successful (3) Tianhe-1 computer ranks among the best in the world (4) Jiaolong submarine has reached the world's advanced level.

42. The importance of technological innovation (how to understand technological innovation?)

< p> ① Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress and the inexhaustible driving force for a country’s prosperity. The essence of technology is innovation. ②To truly narrow the gap and catch up with developed countries, the key is to rely on innovation. ③Only by placing the basis of scientific and technological progress on enhancing independent innovation and continuous innovation capabilities can we achieve leap-forward development of science and technology in our country and truly take the initiative in development. ④ Without innovation, we will be controlled by others. Without innovation, it is impossible to catch up with developed countries.

43. What is the relationship between curiosity and innovation? Answer: <1> Curiosity is the starting point for scientists to embark on the road of scientific and technological invention and creation, and it is the initial driving force for innovation. <2> Curiosity also needs to be grasped correctly and comply with moral and legal requirements, otherwise it will have a negative impact on people's growth.

44. How to move from curiosity to success? Answer: <1> Curiosity should be turned into interest, and then developed into ambition.

<2>Observe more, make bold ideas, and persevere;

45. How to cultivate the spirit of innovation and improve innovation capabilities?

(1) Be good at observation; (2) Expand your imagination; (3) Think differently; (4) Accumulate knowledge (5) Have the courage to practice.

46. The importance of education (why is education given priority in development?)

(1) The key to the development of science and technology is talent; (2) High quality Talents are a country's most important resource, and the cultivation of talents mainly relies on education; (3) The level of education determines a country's scientific and technological development level and innovation capabilities, and ultimately determines the success or failure of a country and nation.

47. How to understand that my country’s implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is the right choice of the times? Why should we implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education? )

(1) The overall level of science and technology and education in our country is not high, which restricts economic and social development. In order to narrow the gap with developed countries and occupy a favorable position in international competition, science and education must be implemented The strategy of rejuvenating the country puts science and technology and education in a strategic position of priority development. (2) Vigorously developing science and technology, especially high-tech, can improve my country's international competitiveness; (3) Vigorously developing education can improve the quality of our citizens, cultivate more talents, and transform the heavy population burden into huge human resources. Advantages. (4) Our country’s implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is the right choice of the times.

48. How to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education?

(1) Put science and technology and education in a strategic position of priority development; (2) Vigorously develop science and technology to improve my country’s international scientific and technological competitiveness; (3) Vigorously develop education to improve the quality of our people and put The population burden has been transformed into a huge talent resource advantage.

49. How to be curious and innovative? (The relationship between curiosity and innovation)? (The relationship between curiosity and innovation (1) Curiosity is the starting point for embarking on the road of scientific and technological invention and creation, and is the initial driving force for innovation. (2) Curiosity needs to be grasped correctly. (3) Only curiosity can be transformed into interest and then develop into Only by being knowledgeable, observing more and persevering can we make discoveries and create, and thus achieve success.

50. How can middle school students become innovative talents?

(1) Establish the concept of lifelong learning, In learning and life, we must start from changing the way of learning, learning independently, cooperatively, and exploring creatively. (2) Seriously study scientific and cultural knowledge, improve one's own quality, develop one's own potential, and lay the knowledge foundation for innovation. ) Be diligent in thinking, good at observation, and actively participate in social practice activities. (4) Be brave in questioning, good at discovering problems, asking questions, and solving problems. (5) Be brave in innovation, be good at innovation, and combine the enthusiasm for innovation with a scientific and realistic attitude. (6) Apply what you have learned, be brave in practice, actively participate in scientific and technological practice activities, cultivate innovation awareness, and improve innovation ability. (7) Let innovative thinking shine, cultivate curiosity, be good at observation, expand imagination, and seek different thinking. Establish lofty ideals and shoulder the historical responsibilities of contemporary youth. 51. Please provide some ideas for building an innovative country (1) Further promote the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through science and technology. Reform of the education system. (3) Strengthen the development, training and introduction of human resources. (4) Implement quality education and improve the quality of the people. (5) Pay attention to science and technology, increase investment in science and technology, and encourage scientific and technological innovation. 3. China and the World Graduation Choice

52. What is the development trend of today’s world? ①Peace and development are the themes of today’s era. ②The world wants peace, people want cooperation, the country wants development, and society wants. Progress is an unstoppable trend of the times. ③Economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world are the trends in today's world development. 53. What is my country's status and role in the world? (1) Status: Our country is the largest developing country in the world, a regional power with global influence, and a large country that is developing peacefully. (2) Role: ① In terms of economy, my country is the world's sales market for goods and the world's largest attractor of foreign investment. It is an important driving force for the sustainable development of the world economy. ② Political aspect: my country pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and has become an important force in maintaining world peace and stability. It is a responsible big country.

54. What opportunities and challenges does China face? (1) Opportunities: ① The multipolarity of the world pattern provides us with the possibility to strive for a peaceful environment for a longer period of time. ② Economic globalization helps us make better use of international markets and resources to develop ourselves. ③The rise of the world's new scientific and technological revolution has provided basic conditions for the leap-forward development of our country's economy. ④The great achievements of my country’s modernization construction projects and reform and opening up have laid a solid foundation for us to achieve new and greater development.

(2) Challenges: ① Hegemonism and power politics have new manifestations, and the threat of terrorism still exists. ② Economic globalization has also brought us certain risks, controlling international economic organizations and threatening economic sanctions at every turn. ③ There is still a big gap between my country's science and technology and comprehensive national strength and developed countries, and it is at a disadvantage in competition.

55. How to seize opportunities and cope with challenges?

① We must be clearly aware of the difficulties and risks on the road ahead, enhance our sense of urgency and urgency, and concentrate on accelerating economic development. ② Effectively improve the ability to seize opportunities and enhance the ability to overcome various difficulties and risks. ③Young people should have the courage to shoulder the historical responsibility of revitalizing the country and nation.

56. How to go to the world? (1) Establish global and national concepts and improve one’s own quality. (2) To go global, we must look at problems from a global perspective. (3) Going global requires a sense of equal participation. (4) To go out into the world, you must also be good at learning. 57. How to choose a career? (1) Establish a correct and correct professional concept, that is, professions only have different divisions of labor, and there is no distinction between high and low. (2) Understand yourself correctly and position yourself appropriately. (3) Face up to competition and dare to compete. (4) Self-employment is an important way to obtain employment, and entrepreneurship is the greatest employment.

58. How should teenagers become useful people? ①The key to success is to rely on your own hard work and unremitting pursuit. ② insist on the unity of studying science and culture and strengthening ideological cultivation, ③ insist on the unity of learning book knowledge and participating in social practice, ④ insist on the unity of realizing one's own value and serving the people of the motherland, ⑤ insist on the unity of establishing lofty ideals and hard work.

59. How should young people pursue unremittingly to realize the meaning of life? ①Establish the concept of lifelong learning, keep learning and make progress. ② Enhance the awareness of innovation, improve creativity, and strive to create and invent. ③Continuously contribute to others, the collective, the country and society. ④Be a responsible citizen and live an active and healthy life. ⑤Start from now and seize every step now. ⑥Start from the ordinary, start from the little things, and insist on doing every detail well.

Part 2: Legal knowledge

1. Law

60. The meaning of law: Laws are formulated by the state and are implemented by the state’s coercive force. A special code of conduct that is universally binding on all members of society.

61. The main characteristics of law: the law relies on the coercive power of the state to ensure its implementation

62. The essence of our country’s law: The law is the embodiment of the will of the ruling class that controls the state power; our country’s law is It is the embodiment of the will and interests of the working class and the broad masses of people under its leadership.

63. The role of law in civil life: (1) Law regulates people's behavior---The law regulates people's behavior by stipulating rights and rights.

(2) The law protects the legitimate rights and interests of citizens---the law also protects the legitimate rights and interests of citizens by resolving disputes about rights and obligations between citizens and sanctioning illegal crimes.

64 The relationship between citizens’ rights and obligations: (1) Citizens’ rights and obligations are consistent. (2) Citizens’ rights and obligations are inseparable. (3) Certain rights and obligations of citizens are combined with each other. (4) Citizens’ rights and obligations are mutually reinforcing. (5) There are no rights without obligations, and there are no obligations without rights.

65. How citizens exercise their rights in accordance with the law: 65. How citizens exercise their rights in accordance with the law: (1) Citizens must abide by the provisions of the Constitution and the law when exercising their rights, and must not exceed the scope permitted by law; (2) They must not harm the country or society. collective interests and the legitimate rights and interests of other citizens; (3) respect the rights of others; (4) not seek illegal benefits beyond legitimate rights; (5) citizens whose legitimate rights and interests are illegally infringed have the right to use legal protection The rights you have must be carried out in legal ways and in accordance with legal procedures, and illegal means cannot be used.

66. How do citizens consciously perform their obligations: (1) All behaviors advocated and encouraged by the constitution and laws must be actively done (2) All behaviors that the constitution and laws put forward specific requirements for citizens must be done . (3) We will resolutely not do anything prohibited by the constitution and laws. Otherwise it is illegal and criminal.