Classical Chinese Lei Zhen

1. Translation of the classical Chinese text "Thunder Shock"

The family of Li Shun, the chamberlain, was once shaken by a thunderstorm.

In the west room of his main room, thunder and fire came out of the window and jumped above the eaves. The family thought that the main room had been burned down, so they all ran out to take shelter. When the thunderstorm stopped, the house remained the same, except that the walls and window paper had turned black.

There was a wooden shelf in the house, in which various utensils were stored miscellaneously. Those lacquerware with silver ornaments all melted and flowed to the ground, but the lacquerware was not scorched. There was a precious sword, which was extremely hard. It was melted into iron juice in the scabbard, and the scabbard seemed to be intact.

People usually think that when thunder and fire cause harm, vegetation should be burned first, and then metal and stone should be melted. But now, metal and stone are all melted, but none of the vegetation is destroyed. This is not what human beings can speculate. The Buddhist book says, "Dragon fire will become more intense when it is exposed to water, and human fire will be extinguished when it is exposed to water." This is indeed true.

People only understand things in the human world. What are the limits of endless things outside the human world? It is really difficult to get to the bottom of things and measure the ultimate truth with just the knowledge and reasoning of the human world.

2. Li Chendian's classical Chinese translation

Introduction

Li Chendian, courtesy name Xiangyun, was born in Shaoyang, Hunan. He joined the army at the age of 18. He was first subordinate to Wang Zhen's subordinates, and later came to Jiangxi from Zeng Guoquan and was subordinate to Ji Ziying. In the eighth year of Xianfeng's reign, during the battle outside the south gate of Ji'an, Guoquan suffered heavy losses. Chen Dian shouted to advance with his spear and pursued them as far as Yongfeng and Xingan. Guoquan was so brave that he promoted the defense of Baoqing camp. They conquered Jingdezhen and regained Fuliang, both of which were at the forefront of the army.

In the tenth year, he served in the war against Xiaochiyi and became the capital of Jin Dynasty. He was awarded Hualing. Entering Anqing, fought at Linghu, forced the bandits to camp, and strangled them to the north. Guoquan was injured and fell from his horse, but Chen Dian rushed to rescue him and returned. Together with Zhang Shenglu and Zhang Shi, they fought in Songyang and defeated the reinforcements, allowing the navy to enter the camp. In the eleventh year, when he attacked the bandit base at the west gate of Anqing, Chen Yucheng led tens of thousands of people from Yang Fuqing to surround the army. The battle was still pending at midday, and he told the generals: "The matter is urgent, success or failure depends on this move!" Chen Dian Heng He went forward and joined forces with other battalions to make a decisive battle. The thieves ran and beheaded thousands of people. He then led Anqing, promoted the generals, and gave them the title of "Gongyong Baturu".

In the first year of Tongzhi

Li Chendian took advantage of the victory from Guoquan and marched down the city passes along the river to Jiangning. Chen Dian gathered to capture Danyang Town and Moling Pass, and was named as the general soldier. When the epidemic broke out in the army, Li Xiucheng came to the rescue in large numbers and forced the base to fight fiercely. Guoquan supervised the formation and was wounded in the cheek by a cannon. Chen Dian and his deputy Ni Guijie defended it, but Guijie was killed. The thieves were in a hurry to attack the west route, so Chen Dian said: "This is a false promise, please prepare the east route." Then the thieves gathered on the east route and Liu Yuchun, the participating general, died. Cannonballs penetrated the walls like raindrops. The ministers defended tightly and the soldiers could not enter. After encirclement, he was given the title of admiral. In the second year, Zhao Sanyuan and Zhao Sanyuan attacked Yuhuatai Shicheng at night. They filled the trench with grass and were about to ascend the ladder. The thieves were alarmed and bombarded with artillery. The minister Dian jumped up with flags and shouted loudly. The troops followed, throwing fire bombs and destroying the enemy towers. The city was erected and the admiral's name was recorded. Xunzhi was awarded the title of Commander-in-Chief of Guide Town, Henan Province. Together with Xiao Fusi, Zhang Shiri and others, they captured Zijin Mountain, defeated all the schools, and even defeated the fortresses near the city. In three years, Tianbao City was conquered, and the siege of Jiangning was finally closed. In May, Ke Di Bao City.

In June, all the armies stopped attacking, but the thieves resisted with death, causing considerable casualties. Chen Dian found out that the thieves' food was not exhausted and the troops were gradually exhausted from the hard battle. He called Guoquan and said, "Master! Don't rush to conquer. Changes will occur as time goes by. Please dig the tunnel again in Longbozi. I will be responsible for it alone." Then he led his deputy general Wu Zongguo and others to dig into the city day and night. On the 15th day, the tunnel was completed. The minister Dian and the nine generals took the same oath. On the wing of the sun, mines struck, Chen Dian and other ants surrounded the city, and all the troops entered. He ordered that all those with long hair and those with newly shaved hair be killed, so more than 100,000 thieves were killed. Chen Dian suddenly fell ill and refused to rest because of his strength. He died in the army not long afterward at the age of twenty-seven. After the victory, the ministers ranked first in meritorious deeds and were awarded the title of first-class viscount. They were given a yellow mantle and flower feathers for both eyes. Before the fate came and Chen Dian died, the imperial edict was given to the prince Shaobao, and he was given the posthumous title Zhongzhuang. Special temples were built in Ji'an, Anqing and Jiangning. 3. Translation of Classical Chinese Biography of Guo Kan

Guo Kan (?~1277): courtesy name Zhonghe. His grandfather Guo Baoyu was a descendant of Guo Ziyi and a general under Genghis Khan Temujin. When Guo Kan was young, he was favored by Prime Minister Shi Tianze and stayed in his own home to educate him. After adulthood, he was sealed from a hundred households, and he was both wise and brave. In 1233, Jin general Bo Sa recaptured Weizhou, but Guo Kan led his army to resist. He defeated 40,000 Jin soldiers in Xinweizhou. Taking advantage of the victory, he crossed the river and attacked Kaifeng. In Guide, he defeated the Jin soldiers at Yanbotai. Subotai attacked the west gate of Bianjing and forced the Jin Marshal Cui Li to land.

In 1252, Guo Kan accompanied Xu Liewu on his western expedition.

In 1256, when he arrived at Mulaiyi (the location of the Assassination Order, this organization was also mentioned in Jin Yong's "Eternal Heaven and Sword of the Dragon"), Guo Kan defeated his 50,000 soldiers, attacked 128 cities, and beheaded his generals. beach. When the troops arrived at Qitubu, the city was on Danhan Mountain, with hanging ladders going up and down and guarded by elite troops. Xuliewu built a double city to surround it, and could not get down. Guo Kan set up artillery to attack, and the defender, Na Shier, opened the door and surrendered. Hulagu sent Guo Kan to persuade Uluru Wu Nai Suantan to surrender. His father Ali occupied the west city, but Guo Kan broke it. He escaped and occupied the east city. Guo Kan broke the city again and killed him. When the troops arrived at Wuli'er City, he laid an ambush and ordered them to move out when they heard the sound of the trumpet. As expected, the enemy troops came forward, set up an ambush, and completely wiped out the enemy troops. Hague surrendered on the beach. Then he went west to Alatin, defeated his 30,000 soldiers, and then surrendered on the beach. When the troops arrived at the Qi Shi Mi tribe, they suddenly surrendered on the beach. In December 1257, Guo Kan followed Hulagu to attack Baghdad, the capital of the Black-clad Kingdom (the Abbasid Dynasty, which has been passed down from father to son for 37 generations, with hundreds of thousands of soldiers at that time), defeating 70,000 of its soldiers. , slaughtered the western city and destroyed its eastern city. The palaces in the eastern city were all built with agarwood and sandalwood. He set them on fire and the fragrance spread for hundreds of miles. He obtained treasures such as a seventy-two string pipa, a five-foot coral lantern and so on. In order to prevent the enemy from escaping, Hulagu specially set up a pontoon bridge on the Tigris River to block it and patrolled it with warships. Caliph Mustaxin boarded the boat to escape. When he saw a pontoon bridge blocking the river, he surrendered. The 503-year-old black-clothed food dynasty came to an end. When he fled, Guo Kan pursued and killed Zhou Da'er in a heavy rain, and trapped more than 300 cities.

Traveling 3,000 miles westward, he arrived at the Kaaba (i.e. Saudi Arabia), where he asked the general to surrender. His subordinates believed it and did not make any preparations. Guo Kan said: "Those who deceive the enemy will perish. Military planes are often deceitful. If It would be a great shame to fall into his trap." So we took strict precautions. Sure enough, Zhu Shi came to attack by surprise. Guo Kan was defeated, and Ba'er Sultan surrendered and conquered 185 cities. After traveling west for forty miles, when the army had rested, Guo Kan suddenly summoned them to set off, leaving only a few sick soldiers behind, and then traveled west for more than ten miles before setting up camp. The enemy army did not arrive unexpectedly and only killed the sick soldiers when they attacked. But Suantan was shocked and said: "The general from the East is really a god." So he surrendered. In 1260, Hulagu ordered Guo Kan to cross the sea and collect Fulang (i.e. Frank, the Franks, the general name of the Arabs for Europeans. This should refer to Cyprus, which was controlled by the Christian Knights at the time). Guo Kan persuaded him to surrender, but Wudu Sutan said: "The man of God I dreamed about yesterday is the general." Then he surrendered. When they arrived at Shiluozi, the enemy troops came to resist. Guo Kan went straight out of the raiding formation and defeated the enemy troops with a single drum. He then surrendered on the beach at Si Gan A Da Bi Suan. When they arrived at Bintie, Guo Kan attacked with surprise troops and defeated the enemy. Jiaye Suantan surrendered and defeated 40,000 Wulin Rangers. Abidein Suantan was shocked and came back to surrender and captured 120 of the city. Walking southwest to Kilili Bend, Martin suddenly came to the beach to surrender. Guo Kan returned to the army to claim victory against Meng Ge, but met Meng Ge's death, so he returned to Dengzhou and started farming.

After Kublai Khan came to the throne, Guo Kan talked about twenty-five tasks, including removing the official title, building the capital city, establishing provincial platforms, and building schools. He also proposed the strategy of taking Xiangfan first, and then directly taking Lin'an: "Song Dynasty According to the southeast, Wuyue is the home, and its important area is Jingxiang. Today's plan is to take Xiangyang first, conquer the cities of Beiyang and Lu, ignore them, and go straight to Lin'an. If we don't cover our ears, Jianghuai and Bashu will be at peace without attacking." This turned out to be true. In February 1262, Li Fen of Yidu and Li Gaoge, the general manager of Xuzhou, rebelled against Mongolia, and Song general Xia Gui also attacked the Yuan Dynasty. Shi Tianze recommended Guo Kan to attack, and he rushed to Xuzhou and killed Brother Li Gao. Xia Gui moved his troops and civilians south, and Guo Kan pursued them, passing through Suqian County and recapturing more than 10,000 troops and civilians. He was awarded a golden talisman and was named the general manager of Xu and Pi prefectures. Brother Li Gao's brother Lv Ma and Xia Gui invaded with 30,000 troops. Guo Kan went to battle, beheaded more than a thousand people and captured 200 battleships. In 1265, Shi Tianze was demoted and Guo Kan was transferred to Tengzhou. In 1268, he put down the civil uprising of Wu Qier and Jinan Taoist King Hu. In 1270, he put down the civil uprising of monks Zang Luohan and Zhao Danglu. He was granted the title of Ten Thousand Households, followed the army down to Xiangyang, and crossed the river from Yangluo upstream. After Jiangnan was pacified, he was granted the title of magistrate of Ninghai and died of illness a year later. Guo Kan conquered and captured, and was invincible. He marched in a disciplined manner, slept in the open air, and did not enter private houses during storms. Wherever the army went, agricultural work was carried out, so the officials and the people respected him. 4. Lei Zhen Song Shen Kuo classical Chinese answer

Lei Zhen [Song Dynasty] Shen Kuo

Chamberlain ①

Li Shun’s family was shaken by a thunderstorm. In the west room of the hall, thunder and fire came out from the windows and eaves. People thought that the main hall had been burned down, so they all ran out to avoid it.

And. When the thunder stopped, the house was empty ②

However, the walls and windows were all Guizhou ③

There was a wooden grid in which various utensils were stored. The lacquerware had silver buckles. < /p>

The melt flowed to the ground, and the lacquerware was not scorched. There was a precious sword, which was made of extremely strong steel. It melted into juice in the chamber of the knife, and the chamber also became like this. People would say that fire should first burn vegetation and then shed gold and stone. Today, all the metal and stone are smashed④

But not a single plant or tree is left

Those who destroy it cannot be measured by human feelings! The Buddhist scriptures say, "Dragon fire gets hot when it gets water and burns brightly⑤

Human fire gets out of water and gets extinguished." This theory is true. People only know what is going on in the human realm, but what are the limits of things outside the human realm? It’s not difficult to use only the world’s wisdom and emotions to determine the truth!

(Selected from "Mengxi Bi Tan")

[Notes] ① Chamberlain: official name. ②Wan: Really. ③Guizhou: black. ④鄄: Melting. ⑤Chi: Fire is strong, which is extended to vigorous and strong.

Reference answer:

In the west room of the hall/thunder fire came out from the window/out of the eaves impressively 10. (4 points) (1) was (2) until (3) (4) Indeed (1 point for each blank)

11. (3 points) People only understand things in the human world. What are the limits of endless things outside the human world? (1 point for each sentence)

12. (2 points) When thunder and fire cause harm, they should first burn vegetation and then melt metal and stone. The knowledge and reasoning in the world are very limited, and it is impossible to get to the bottom of it and measure the ultimate truth.

(2 points, 1 point each)

Reference translation:

The family of the chamberlain Li Shun was shaken by a thunderstorm. In the west room of his main hall, thunder and fire came out of the window and jumped over the eaves. The family thought that the main hall had been burned down, so they all ran out to take shelter. When the thunderstorm stopped, the house remained the same, except that the walls and window paper had turned black. There was a wooden shelf in the house, in which various utensils were stored miscellaneously. Those lacquerware with silver ornaments all melted and flowed to the ground, but the lacquerware was not scorched. There was a precious sword, which was extremely hard and was melted into iron juice in the scabbard, while the scabbard seemed to be intact. People usually think that when thunder and fire cause harm, they should first burn the grass and trees, and then melt the metal and stone. But now, all the metal and stone are melted, but none of the grass and trees are destroyed. This is not what human beings can speculate. The Buddhist book says, "Dragon fire will become more intense when it is exposed to water, and human fire will be extinguished when it is exposed to water." This is indeed true. People only understand things in the human world. What are the limits of endless things outside the human world? It is so difficult to get to the bottom of things and measure the ultimate truth with just the knowledge and reasoning of the human world! 5. How to write "Thunder" in ancient Chinese

The word "Thunder" in ancient Chinese is usually written as 遁.

Other common writing methods in ancient Chinese are as follows:

Seal script:

The evolution process of the origin of the word "lei": 6. In classical Chinese, Guo Kan's courtesy name was Zhonghe, and he was the prime minister when he was young.

This sentence comes from "The Thirty-sixth Biography of the History of the Yuan Dynasty"

Kan's courtesy name is Zhonghe. When he was young, he was highly regarded by Prime Minister Shi Tianze and stayed at home to educate him. A weak crown is a hundred households, a bird of prey is brave and has a strategy. In Renchen, Jin general Bo Sa recaptured Weizhou, but Kan refused and defeated his 40,000 soldiers in Xinweizhou. Then he crossed the river and attacked the Jin Lord. He arrived at Guide and defeated his troops at Yanbotai. He quickly attacked Bianxi Gate at Butai, and Jin Marshal Cui Li surrendered. Confer meritorious service to the general manager. From Tianzetun Taikang, the following De'an Gong was restored to a thousand households. Renzi sent troops to Helin and copied Manayan. Cong Zong Wang Xu Liewu marched westward. Gui Chou, to the point of Mu Naixi. The trenches of his country were filled with poisonous water, and he defeated his fifty thousand soldiers, marched down one hundred and twenty-eight cities, and beheaded his generals. Even the beach is the king of Huayan. Bingchen went to Qidu for divination. The city is on Danhan Mountain, with ladders hanging up and down. It is guarded by elite soldiers and strong soldiers. They build a double city to surround it, so that no one can defeat it. Kan set up artillery to attack it, and the one guarding the fire opened the door and surrendered. Xuliewu sent Kan to say that Uluruwu was coming to surrender at Sutantan. His father, Ali, occupied the west city, conquered it with Kan, marched to the east city, attacked again, captured it, and killed it. In the first month of Dingsi, I arrived at Wuli'er City, ambushed the troops, and ordered them to rise up when they heard the sound of the trumpet. When the enemy soldiers arrive, they will set up an ambush and kill them all. The Hague will be forced to surrender on the beach. Then he went west to Alatin, defeated his 30,000 soldiers, and then surrendered. Arriving at Qi Shi Mi Department, the beach suddenly descended. Xirong is a large country with an area of ??8,000 miles. It has been passed down from father to son for forty-two years and has hundreds of thousands of victorious soldiers. Talking about the arrival of troops. He also defeated 70,000 soldiers, massacred the west city, destroyed the east city, and destroyed the palaces in the east city. They were all made of sunken sandalwood and burned with fire. The fragrance could be smelled for hundreds of miles, and a seventy-two-stringed pipa and a five-foot coral lantern were obtained. There is a big river between the two cities, so Kan built floating beams to prevent him from escaping.

After the city was broken, we boarded a boat at Fashuang Beach. We saw that there was a floating beam blocking the river, so we surrendered from the Fuyi Army Gate. They fled Zhou Da'er and chased him. At dusk, all the troops wanted to retreat but refused to listen. They marched for more than ten miles and then stopped. It rained heavily at night, and the water where I wanted to stay was several feet deep. Tomorrow, we will capture Zhou Da'er, behead him, and pull out more than three hundred cities.

He then traveled west for three thousand miles and arrived at the Heavenly House. He was about to stay on the stone and wrote a letter asking for surrender. The people on the left and right took the invitation to stay on the stone as a letter. There are so many deceptions, and if you fall into his trap, you will be humiliated." So be prepared. The people who lived in Shiguo came to invite our troops, talked about fighting, and were defeated. Ba'er planned to surrender on the beach and went down to the city for 185. Then travel west for forty miles to Mixi'er. At the end of the day, the meeting was over, and the troops were raised again, leaving a few sick soldiers behind. They marched westward for more than ten miles and ordered the army to carry out arrows. Unbeknownst to the enemy, hidden troops attacked at night and killed the sick soldiers. But Suantan was shocked and said: "General Dongtian, a man of God." Then he surrendered. On Wuwu day, Xuliewu ordered Kanxi to cross the sea to collect rich waves. Talking about misfortunes and blessings, Wudu Sutan said: "The man of God I dreamed about yesterday was a general." He came to surrender. The division returned to the southwest and reached Shiluozi. The enemy came and resisted. Kanzhi marched out of the raiding formation and defeated them in one go. They then surrendered on the beach at Si Gan A Da Bi Suan. Arriving at Bintie, Kan used a surprise attack and was defeated, and Jiayesuantan surrendered. At the end of the day, 40,000 soldiers were defeated in Wulin. Abidein was so frightened that he came to surrender and captured 120 of the city. From the southwest to Kililiwan, Martin suddenly came to the beach. The Western Region is flat. When Kan Yiji arrived at Diaoyu Mountain, Huixianzong collapsed, so he returned to Deng, opened farmland, and established a security system.

When Shizu ascended the throne, he talked about twenty-five things, including the title of Shang Shu, building a capital city, establishing a provincial platform, and building a school, as well as the strategy to quell the Song Dynasty. The summary is: "The Song Dynasty occupied the southeast, and Wuyue was its home." , the key area is Jingxiang. Today's plan is to take Xiangyang first, attack the cities of Biyang and Lu, ignore them, and go straight to Lin'an. The thunder can't cover the Jianghuai and Bashu. If you don't attack, you will be at peace." This is what he followed.

In the second year of Zhongtong's reign, he was promoted to the governor of Jianghan. In February of the third year, Li Fen of Yidu and Li Gaoge, the general manager of Xuzhou, both rebelled. Song Xiagui returned to invade the border area. Shi Tianze recommended Kan and summoned him to see him. When Shizu asked about his plan, he said: "A group of thieves are like a tiger in a trap. There is no food inside and no rescue outside. We build a city around it and wait for it to get trapped. We can capture it in a few days." Emperor Ranzhi gave Shang Yi a bow and arrow. He galloped to Xu and beheaded Brother Gao. Xia Gui burned the houses and moved the soldiers and civilians southward. Kan pursued Gui and passed through Suqian County, taking away more than 10,000 soldiers and civilians before returning. He was given a golden talisman and became the general manager of Xu and Pizhou. Brother Gao's younger brother, Donkey Ma, reunited with Xia Gui to harass the border with 30,000 troops. Kan went out to fight, beheading more than a thousand people and seizing 200 warships.

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, someone said that Shi Tianze should be the one to explain the military power. Tianze then moved him to another official position, and Kan also transferred Tongzhi to Tengzhou. Three years later, Kan said: "The people of the Song Dynasty detained my envoy and asked the army to investigate the crime. In Huaibei, 360 camps can be established, and 360 cattle can be placed in each camp. One camp is enough to support the army for one day. "In the fourth year of his reign, he moved to Gaotang and took charge of five counties including Xiajin and Wucheng. In the fifth year, Wu Qier, a native of the city, and King Hu, a Taoist priest of Jinan, rebelled and sought peace. In the seventh year, the White Horse Order was changed. Monk Zang Luohan and Zhangde Zhao Danglu rebelled and were defeated again. The emperor learned about military affairs and was promoted to ten thousand households. He went down to Xiangyang from the army and crossed the Yangtze River upstream from Yangluo. Jiang Nanping, moved to Ninghai Prefecture, lived there for one year, and died.

Kan marched in a disciplined manner and slept in the open fields. He did not enter civilian houses despite the wind and rain. The son is benevolent and righteous.

Guo Kan (1217-1277), courtesy name Zhonghe, was originally from Zheng County, Huazhou (now Hua County, Shaanxi Province), and was a general of the Mongolian Empire.

His grandfather Guo Baoyu and his father Guo Dehai were both generals under Genghis Khan. In 1252 AD, he followed Hulagu in his expedition to the west. He repeatedly defeated more than 120 cities of the Islamic army and more than 180 cities of the Crusaders in West Asia. He conquered many countries. His footprints crossed Kashmir and even fought against the Franks. He was feared by the people in the lands he conquered, and even his opponents exclaimed, "General Dongtian, a man of god."

In addition to advising Kublai Khan on the founding of the country and the establishment of a capital, he also made suggestions for suppressing the Southern Song Dynasty. He accumulated military exploits and reached the rank of ten thousand households. He was appointed as the prefect of Haining because of his contribution to suppressing Jiangnan. He died after serving for more than a year. 7. Translation of classical Chinese, Li Chendian, translator of Qing history

Li Chendian (1838-1864), courtesy name Xiangyun, was a native of Shaoyang, Hunan, and a military official in the Qing Dynasty. He joined the Hunan Army at the age of 18, during Xianfeng period

Li Chen Dianxiang[1]

He followed Zeng Guoquan to fight in Jiangxi, and was attached to Jizi Camp. He was often at the forefront of the army. After defeating Anqing, he was promoted to the rank of general. , during Tongzhi, he was trapped in Tianjing, promoted to admiral, dug tunnels, blew up city walls, broke into the city, and died in the army.

2 Relevant historical materials

Li Chendian, courtesy name Xiangyun, was born in Shaoyang, Hunan. He joined the army at the age of 18. He was first subordinate to Wang Zhen's subordinates, and later came to Jiangxi from Zeng Guoquan and was subordinate to Ji Ziying. In the eighth year of Xianfeng's reign, during the battle outside the south gate of Ji'an, Guoquan suffered heavy losses. Chen Dian shouted to advance with his spear and pursued them as far as Yongfeng and Xingan. Guoquan was so brave that he promoted the defense of Baoqing camp. They conquered Jingdezhen and regained Fuliang, both of which were at the forefront of the army.

In the tenth year, he served in the war against Xiaochiyi and became the capital of Jin Dynasty. He was awarded Hualing. Entering Anqing, fought at Linghu, forced the bandits to camp, and strangled them to the north. Guoquan was injured and fell from his horse, but Chen Dian rushed to rescue him and returned. Together with Zhang Shenglu and Zhang Shi, they fought in Songyang and defeated the reinforcements, allowing the navy to enter the camp. In the eleventh year, when he attacked the bandit base at the west gate of Anqing, Chen Yucheng led tens of thousands of people from Yang Fuqing to surround the army. The battle was still pending at midday, and he told the generals: "The matter is urgent, success or failure depends on this move!" Chen Dian Heng He went forward and joined forces with other battalions to make a decisive battle. The thieves ran and beheaded thousands of people. He then led Anqing, promoted the generals, and gave them the title of "Gongyong Baturu".

In the first year of Tongzhi, Cong Guoquan took advantage of the victory and marched down the city passes along the river to Jiangning. Chen Dianhui captured Danyang Town and Moling Pass, and was named as the general soldier. When the epidemic broke out in the army, Li Xiucheng came to the rescue in large numbers and forced the base to fight fiercely. Guoquan supervised the formation and was wounded in the cheek by a cannon. Chen Dian and his deputy Ni Guijie defended it, but Guijie was killed. The thieves were in a hurry to attack the west road, so Chen Dian said: "This is a false promise, please prepare the east road." Then the thieves gathered on the east road, and Liu Yuchun, the participating general, died. Cannonballs penetrated the walls like rain, and the ministers defended tightly, but the soldiers could not enter. After encirclement, he was given the title of admiral. In the second year, Zhao Sanyuan and Zhao Sanyuan attacked Yuhuatai Shicheng at night. They filled the trench with grass and were about to ascend the ladder. The thieves were alarmed and bombarded with artillery. The minister Dian jumped up with flags and shouted loudly. The troops followed, throwing fire bombs and destroying the enemy towers. The city was erected and the admiral's name was recorded. Xunzhi was awarded the title of Commander-in-Chief of Guide Town, Henan Province. Together with Xiao Fusi, Zhang Shiri and others, they captured Zijin Mountain, defeated all the schools, and even defeated the fortresses near the city. In three years, Tianbao City was conquered, and the siege of Jiangning was finally closed. In May, Ke Di Bao City.

In June, all the armies stopped attacking, but the thieves resisted with death, causing considerable casualties. Chen Dian found out that the thieves' food was not exhausted and the troops were gradually exhausted from the hard battle. He called Guoquan and said, "Master! Don't rush to conquer. Changes will occur as time goes by. Please dig the tunnel again in Longbozi. I will be responsible for it alone." Then he led his deputy general Wu Zongguo and others to dig into the city day and night. On the 15th day, the tunnel was completed. The minister Dian and the nine generals took the same oath. On the wing of the sun, mines broke out, Chen Dian and other ants surrounded the city, and all the troops entered. He ordered that all those with long hair and those with newly shaved hair be killed, so more than 100,000 thieves were killed. Chen Dian suddenly fell ill and refused to rest because of his strength. He died in the army not long afterward at the age of twenty-seven. After the victory, the ministers ranked first in meritorious deeds and were awarded the title of first-class viscount. They were given a yellow mantle and flower feathers for both eyes. Before the fate came and Chen Dian died, the imperial edict was given to the prince Shaobao, and he was given the posthumous title Zhongzhuang. Special temples were built in Ji'an, Anqing and Jiangning. 8. Translation of Classical Chinese Biography of Guo Kan

Guo Kan (?~1277): courtesy name Zhonghe.

His grandfather Guo Baoyu was a descendant of Guo Ziyi and a general under Genghis Khan Temujin. When Guo Kan was young, he was favored by Prime Minister Shi Tianze and stayed at his own home to educate him.

After becoming an adult, he was sealed from a hundred households and possessed both wisdom and courage. In 1233, Jin general Bo Sa recaptured Weizhou, but Guo Kan led his army to refuse to defend it. He defeated 40,000 Jin soldiers in Xinweizhou. Taking advantage of the victory, he crossed the river and attacked Kaifeng. In Guide, he defeated the Jin soldiers at Yanbotai. Subotai attacked the west gate of Bianjing and forced the Jin Marshal Cui Li to land.

In 1252, Guo Kan accompanied Xu Liewu on his western expedition. In 1256, when he arrived at Mulaiyi (the location of the Assassination Order, this organization was also mentioned in Jin Yong's "Eternal Heaven and Sword of the Dragon"), Guo Kan defeated his 50,000 soldiers, attacked 128 cities, and beheaded his generals. beach.

When the troops arrived at Qitubu, the city was on Danhan Mountain, with hanging ladders going up and down and guarded by elite soldiers. Xuliewu built a double city to surround it, and could not get down.

Guo Kan set up artillery to attack, and the defender Na Shier opened the door and surrendered. Hulagu sent Guo Kan to persuade Uluru Wu Nai Suantan to surrender. His father Ali occupied the west city, but Guo Kan broke it. He escaped and occupied the east city. Guo Kan broke the city again and killed him.

When the troops arrived at Woolier City, he laid an ambush and ordered them to move out when they heard the sound of the cannon. As expected, the enemy soldiers came, set up an ambush, and completely wiped out the enemy troops. The Hague was considered a beach surrender. Then he went west to Alatin, defeated his 30,000 soldiers, and then surrendered on the beach.

When the troops arrived at the Qi Shi Mi tribe, they suddenly surrendered on the beach. In December 1257, Guo Kan followed Hulagu to attack Baghdad, the capital of the Black-clothed Great Food Kingdom (the Black-clothed Great Food Kingdom, the Abbasid Dynasty, passed down from father to son for 37 generations, with hundreds of thousands of soldiers at that time.)

He defeated 70,000 soldiers, massacred the western city, and destroyed the eastern city. The palaces in the east city were all built with agarwood and sandalwood. He set fire to them, and the fragrance spread for hundreds of miles. He obtained treasures such as a seventy-two-string pipa, a five-foot coral lantern, and so on.

In order to prevent the enemy from escaping, Hulagu specially set up a pontoon bridge on the Tigris River to block it and patrolled it with warships. Caliph Mustaxin boarded the boat to escape. When he saw a pontoon bridge blocking the river, he surrendered.

The 503-year-old Black Food Dynasty was destroyed. When he fled, Guo Kan pursued Zhou Da'er and killed Zhou Da'er in a heavy rain. He also trapped more than 300 cities.

Traveling 3,000 miles westward, he arrived at the Kaaba (i.e. Saudi Arabia), where he asked the general to surrender. His subordinates believed it and did not make any preparations. Guo Kan said: "Those who deceive the enemy will perish. Military planes are often deceitful. If It would be a great shame to fall into his trap." So we took strict precautions.

Sure enough, Zhushi came to attack, Guo Kan was defeated, and Ba'er Sultan surrendered, conquering 185 cities. After traveling west for forty miles, when the army had rested, Guo Kan suddenly summoned them to set off, leaving only a few sick soldiers behind, and then traveled west for more than ten miles before setting up camp.

The enemy army did not arrive unexpectedly and only killed the sick soldiers when they attacked. But Nai Suantan was shocked and said: "The general from the East is really a god." So he surrendered.

In 1260, Hulagu ordered Guo Kan to cross the sea and collect Fulang (i.e. Frank, Frank, the general name of the Arabs for Europeans. This should refer to Cyprus, which was controlled by the Christian Knights at that time) ).

Guo Kan persuaded him to surrender, but Wudu Sutan said: "The man of god I dreamed about yesterday is the general." He surrendered immediately.

When they arrived at Shiluozi, the enemy troops came to resist. Guo Kan went straight out of the raiding formation and defeated the enemy troops with one drum, and then surrendered on the beach at Si Gan A Da Bi. When they arrived at Bintie, Guo Kan attacked with surprise troops and defeated the enemy. Jiaye Suantan surrendered and defeated 40,000 Wulin Rangers. Abidein Suantan was shocked and came back to surrender and captured 120 of the city.

Walking southwest to Kilili Bend, Martin suddenly came to the beach to return. Guo Kan returned to the army to claim victory against Meng Ge, but met Meng Ge's death, so he returned to Dengzhou and started farming.

After Kublai Khan came to the throne, Guo Kan talked about twenty-five tasks, including removing the official title, building the capital city, establishing provincial platforms, and building schools. He also proposed the strategy of taking Xiangfan first, and then directly taking Lin'an: "Song Dynasty According to the southeast, Wuyue is the home, and its key areas are Jingxiang. Today's plan is to take Xiangyang first. As we headed straight towards Lin'an, the rapid thunder could not cover our ears, and Jianghuai and Bashu were in peace without attacking." It turned out to be the case.

In February 1262, Li Fen of Yidu and Li Gaoge, the general manager of Xuzhou, rebelled against Mongolia, and Song general Xia Gui also attacked the Yuan Dynasty. Shi Tianze recommended Guo Kan to attack, and he rushed to Xuzhou and killed Brother Li Gao.

Xia Gui moved his soldiers and civilians south, and Guo Kan pursued them and passed through Suqian County, recapturing more than 10,000 soldiers and civilians. He was awarded a golden talisman and was named the general manager of Xu and Pi prefectures.

Li Gao's younger brother Lv Ma and Xia Gui invaded with 30,000 troops. Guo Kan went to battle, beheading more than a thousand people and seizing 200 battleships. In 1265, Shi Tianze was demoted and Guo Kan was transferred to Tengzhou.

In 1268, the civil uprising of Wu Qier and Jinan Taoist King Hu was put down. In 1270, he put down the civil uprising of monks Zang Luohan and Zhao Danglu.

He was granted the title of Ten Thousand Households. He followed the army down to Xiangyang and crossed the river from Yangluo upstream. After Jiangnan was pacified, he was granted the title of magistrate of Ninghai and died of illness a year later.

Guo Kan was victorious and invincible. He marched in a disciplined manner, slept in the open air, and did not enter private houses during storms. Wherever the army went, agricultural work was carried out, so the officials and the people respected him.