What are the nicknames of various provinces and cities in China?

One or four municipalities?

1. Beijing (Beijing)?

The first well-documented name of Beijing is "Ji", which is The capital of Yan State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Beijing was regarded as the companion capital and was called Yanjing. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, the capital was moved here and was called Zhongdu. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed Dadu. Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital here from Nanjing and renamed it "Beijing". The name remains in use today. It was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government in 1949. ?

Take the word "京" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

2. Tianjin (Jin)?

Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tianjin was called Zhigu. In the Jin Dynasty, a market was formed called "Zhigu Village". Jinhai Town was established in the Yuan Dynasty, which was the beginning of Tianjin's city construction. In the 2nd year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), the city was built and guarded, and it was first called Tianjin Guard, which means "the ferry where the emperor passes". It was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government in 1949. ?

Take the word "Jin" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

3. Shanghai (Shanghai)?

The name Shanghai began in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Shanghai had become an emerging trading port in my country. At that time, there were eighteen major ports in the Shanghai area. , one of which is called Shanghai Pu, with Shanghai Town on its west bank. In 1292, Shanghai was changed from a town to a county. This is the origin of the name Shanghai. In 1949, Shanghai was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government. ?

In ancient times, fishermen in the Shanghai area invented a bamboo fishing tool "hu". At that time, there was no place name for Shanghai, so this area was called "Shanghai Du", so Shanghai Referred to as "Shanghai". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was part of the fiefdom of Huang Xie, Lord Chun Shen of Chu, so Shanghai was nicknamed "Shen". ?

4. Chongqing (Chongqing)?

Chongqing was called "Ba" in ancient times. In the Qin Dynasty, it was called Jiangzhou. In the Sui Dynasty, it was called Yuzhou. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was called Gongzhou. The name Chongqing began in 1190. Because Zhao Dun, Emperor Guangzong of the Southern Song Dynasty, first granted the title of Prince Gong and then ascended the throne, he promoted Gongzhou to Chongqing Prefecture, which means "double celebration". In 1997, Chongqing was established as a municipality directly under the Central Government. ?

In the Sui Dynasty, the Jialing River was called Yushui. Chongqing was located on the bank of the Jialing River and established Yuzhou, so Chongqing was referred to as "Yu". ?

Two. Five Autonomous Regions?

1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia)?

Mongolia was originally the name of a tribe and first appeared in records of the Tang Dynasty. In 1206, Genghis Khan unified all Mongolian tribes and established the Mongolian state. After the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian people retreated to the north of the Great Wall. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Inner and Outer Mongolia were formed. After the late Qing Dynasty, it generally refers to the south of the desert, north of the Great Wall, starting from the Zhelim League in the east and reaching Taoxi Erut in the west, so the league flag is Inner Mongolia. ?

Take the three characters "Inner Mongolia" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

2. The Uyghur Autonomous Region (new)?

The area under its jurisdiction was called the Western Regions in ancient times. The Western Regions Protectorate was established in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the title of Protectorate was changed to Changshi. In the Tang Dynasty, the three prefectures of Yi, Xi, and Ting were established, and the two governorates of Anxi and Beiting were established. After the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty put down the Junggar rebellion and established Ili generals in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. In the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1884), it was changed to Xinjiang Province, which means "new return to homeland". In 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established. ?

Take the word "new" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

3. Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet)?

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Tibetan area was called "Wusizang". "Wusi" means "Central" in Tibetan, and "Zang" means "holy". In the Ming Dynasty, two capital commander departments were established. In the Qing Dynasty, the eastern part of Tibet was called "Kang" (Kamu), the central part was called "Wei", and the western area of ??Shigatse was called "Zang" (including Ngari). Because it was in the west of China, it was called Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region was established in 1965. ?

Take the word "Zang" in the full name as the abbreviation. Another theory is that the abbreviation comes from the old name "Wusizang". ?

4. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ning)?

In the 5th century AD, the Xiongnu noble Helian Bobo thought he was a descendant of the Xia Hou family, so he named the established separatist regime as "summer". In the Song Dynasty, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Tuoba clan of the Dangxiang tribe, proclaimed himself emperor, made his capital Xingqingfu (today's Yinchuan), established the country's name "Xia", created writing, and established the Xixia Dynasty. In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia and took the meaning of "pacifying Xixia and eternal peace". Ningxia Province was established here, and the name Ningxia began. In 1958, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established. ?

Take the word "Ning" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

5. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi)?

In the Song Dynasty, Guangnan West Road was established, referred to as Guangxi Road, and the name "Guangxi" came into being. Liangjiang Road in Guangxi was established in the Yuan Dynasty. Guangxi Province was established.

The Guangxi Tong Autonomous Region was established in 1958 and changed to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1965. ?

Because from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the administrative center of Guangxi was in Guizhou (or Guilin Prefecture), so Guangxi was referred to as "Gui". Another theory is that Guangxi once had three counties: Guilin, Xiangjun, and Nanhai during the Qin Dynasty. Historically, 2/3 of Guangxi belonged to Guilin County, so Guangxi was referred to as "Gui". ?

3. Two Special Administrative Regions?

1. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong)?

Before the Song Dynasty, this was a place where fishermen rested while fishing. . After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was a small village on the island called "Hong Kong Village". It was a distribution port for the transportation of spices from southern Guangdong, hence the name Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established in 1997. ?

Take the word "Hong Kong" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

2. Macau Special Administrative Region (Macau)?

The name was first recorded in the history books of the Ming Dynasty and was called "Hao Jing" (Hao Jing), which means the bay is like a mirror and is rich in " Oysters". Later it was also called "Ao", that is, the place where ships stopped sailing and anchored, so it was called "Oyster Mirror Ao". Because it belongs to Xiangshan, Guangdong, it was also called "Xiangshan Ao". There are many theories about the origin of the word "men". One theory is that it refers to the Mazu Temple in the local inner harbor, which faces the Yinkeng in Wan Chai across the sea, forming the Strait Elephant Gate; the other theory is that it refers to Taipa, Xiao Hengqin, The four islands of Coloane and Greater Hengqin stand in opposition to each other, and the sea water flows through them in the shape of a cross gate; in addition, the local Nantai Mountain (A-Ma Temple Mountain) and Beitai Mountain (Lianfeng Mountain) form a gate. In short, it is both Macao and a gate, so it is called Macao. The Macau Special Administrative Region was established in 1999. ?

Take the word "AO" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

4. 23 provinces?

1. Heilongjiang Province (Heilongjiang)?

In 1671, in order to resist the eastern invasion of Tsarist Russia, the Qing government built along the coast of Heilongjiang Heilongjiang City (Heihe Old City) has Heilongjiang Generals who govern the Heilongjiang Basin. In 1907 it was changed to Heilongjiang Province. ?

Take the word "black" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that the abbreviation comes from the river Heilongjiang. ?

2. Jilin Province (Jilin)?

The name Jilin comes from "Jilin Wula", which means "city along the Songhua River" in Manchu. The city was founded in 1673. In 1676, General Jilin was established. In 1907, its jurisdiction was renamed Jilin Province. ?

Take the word "吉" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

3. Liaoning Province (Liao)?

During the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, Liaodong County was set up to the east of the Liaohe River, and Liaoxi County was set up to the west. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Khitan people established the Liao Kingdom in today's Hebei and Liaoning areas. Liaoyang Prefecture was established during the Liao and Jin Dynasties. Liaoyang Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty. Liaodong Dusi was established in Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty established Liaodong General. Later, because the Liao River Basin was the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, it took the meaning of "Fengtian Chengyun" and changed its name to Fengtian Province. In 1929, it was renamed Liaoning Province, meaning "Eternal Peace in the Liao River Basin". ?

Take the word "Liao" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that because there is the Liao River in the territory, it is called "Liao" for short. ?

4. Hebei Province (Ji)?

During the Warring States Period, the land of Qi State north of the Yellow River was called Hebei. The Han Dynasty established Hebei County. Hebei Road was established in the Tang Dynasty. The jurisdiction is different from today. Hebei Province was established in 1928. ?

The jurisdiction is equivalent to Jizhou in my country's earliest geographical work "Yu Gong", so it is referred to as "Ji". ?

5. Shanxi Province (Jin)?

From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the area to the west of Xiaoshan Mountain and Hangu Pass was called Shanxi. In the Yuan Dynasty, the west of Taihang Mountain was called Shanxi, and the Xuanwei Division of Hedong Shanxi Road was established. This was the beginning of the name of Shanxi as an administrative region. Shanxi Province is located in Ming Dynasty. ?

The area under its jurisdiction was the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was referred to as "Jin". ?

6. Qinghai Province (Qing)?

Because there is Qinghai Lake in the territory, it is named Qinghai Province. According to "Shui Jing Zhu" records, as early as the 5th century BC, this place was called Qinghai, and some also wrote it as Xihai. After the Tang Dynasty, Qinghai was often used as the correct name. Qinghai Province was established in 1928. ?

Take the word "青" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that because there is Qinghai Lake in the territory, it is called "Qing" for short. ?

7. Shandong Province (Shandong)?

From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the area east of Xiaoshan Mountain and Hangu Pass was called Shandong. In the Jin Dynasty, Shandong East Road and Shandong East Road were established in the area east of Kaifeng. This was the beginning of the name of Shandong as an administrative region. Shandong Province was established in the early Qing Dynasty. ?

The area under its jurisdiction was the land of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it was referred to as "Lu". ?

8. The ancient name of Henan Province (Henan)?

The area south of the Yellow River was called Henan in ancient times. The Han Dynasty established the Yuzhou Department. In the Tang Dynasty, Henan Road was established. In the Song Dynasty, Henan Road was established.

The Yuan Dynasty established the Henan and Jiangbei provinces. Henan Province was established in the early Ming Dynasty. ?

The jurisdiction is equivalent to Yuzhou in "Yu Gong", so it is referred to as "Yu". ?

9. Jiangsu Province (Su)?

Jiangsu Province was established in the 6th year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1667), taking over Jiangning (now Nanjing City), the governor’s seat of Liangjiang, and the governor’s seat The first characters of the two prefectures of Suzhou (now Suzhou City) form Jiangsu Province. ?

Take the word "Su" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

10. Anhui Province (Wan)?

In 1667, it was named after the two prefectures of Anqing (now Anqing City), the political center at that time, and Huizhou (now She County), the economic capital. Formed Anhui Province. ?

Anqing Prefecture was the hometown of the Anhui Kingdom in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was also called Anhui, so Anhui was shortened to "Wan". One theory is that Tiangui Mountain, the earliest famous mountain in the territory, was called Wan Gong Mountain in ancient times, so it was shortened to "Wan". ?

11. Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang)?

Zhejiang means the twists and turns of the river. During the Warring States Period, Zhejiang referred to today's Fuchun River, Qiantang River and Xin'an River. The Eastern Han Dynasty divided Zhejiang into two regions: eastern Zhejiang and western Zhejiang. After the Tang Dynasty, these two areas were transformed into administrative district names. Zhejiang Province was established in the early Ming Dynasty. ?

Take the word "Zhejiang" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that Fuchun River, Qiantang River and Xin'an River were called Zhejiang in ancient times, so they were abbreviated as "Zhejiang". ?

12. Fujian Province (Min)?

After Qin Shihuang unified China, Minzhong County was established here. During the Han Dynasty, Fujian was called the Minyue Kingdom. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Fujian Jiedushi was established to govern the five states of Fujian, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian is composed of the names of the first two states. Fujian Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty. It was established in Fujian Province to this day. The area under its jurisdiction was the area where the Minyue people lived in ancient times, so it was referred to as "Min". One theory is that because there is the Min River in the territory, it is called "Min" for short. ?

13. Jiangxi Province (Gan)?

In the Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road was established, referred to as Jiangxi Road, from which Jiangxi got its name. Jiangnan West Road was established in Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jiangxi Province was established. Later they were all located in Jiangxi Province. ?

Because the Ganjiang River runs through the entire province, it is referred to as "Gan". ?

14. Hunan Province (Hunan)?

In the Tang Dynasty, Hunan Jiedushi was established south of Dongting Lake, including the Xiangzi Ershui Basin, and the name Hunan first appeared. In the Song Dynasty, Jing Hunan Road was established, referred to as Hunan Road. Hunan Road was established in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Hunan Province was established in the Qing Dynasty. ?

Because the Xiangjiang River runs through the entire province, it is referred to as "Xiang". ?

15. Hubei Province (E)?

In the Song Dynasty, from the north of Dongting Lake to Jingshan Mountain, Jinghu North Road was established in the Yuanli Ershui Basin in the west, referred to as Hubei Road, Hubei One is generated. Hubei Road was established in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Hubei Province was established in the Qing Dynasty. ?

Yichang, the administrative center of Hubei in the Qing Dynasty, was the seat of Ezhou after the Sui Dynasty, so Hubei was referred to as "E". ?

16. Guangdong Province (Guangdong)?

In the Song Dynasty, Guangnan East Road was established, which was referred to as Guangdong Road, hence the name Guangdong. Canton Road was established in the Yuan Dynasty. Guangdong Province was established. ?

The area under its jurisdiction was the land of southern Guangdong in the early Han Dynasty, so it was referred to as "Guangdong". ?

17. Taiwan Province (Taiwan)?

Taiwan is a tribe originating from the Taiwowan branch of the Siraya tribe. Taiwan was called "Eastern Anchovy" during the Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was called "Dongyi". In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "Luqiu". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the name Taiwan was officially used on official documents. Taiwan Province was established in the 11th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1885). ?

Take the word "台" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

18. Hainan Province (Qiong)?

Because it is located in the South China Sea, the largest island in the territory is also called Hainan Island, so it is named Hainan Province. Established as a province in 1988. ?

Since the Qin Dynasty later called this area Qiongtai, Qiongzhou or Qiongya, it was shortened to "Qiong". ?

19. Gansu Province (Gan or Long)?

Gansu was one of the twelve supervisory armies set up by the Xixia Dynasty in the 11th century, and was governed in Ganzhou (now Zhangye County), jurisdiction over the two prefectures of Ganzhou and Suzhou (today's Jiuquan), taking the first names of the two prefectures to form Gansu. Gansu Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, merged into Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, and provincial governance was restored in the Qing Dynasty. ?

Take the word "gan" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that the administrative center of the Western Xia Dynasty was Ganzhou, so it was called "Gan" for short. ?

Because there is Longshan Mountain between Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, Gansu was also called Longxi in ancient times, so it was also referred to as "Long". ?

20. Shaanxi Province (Shaanxi or Qin)?

The name Shaanxi originated from the "dividing and governing of Shaanxi" by Zhou and Zhao in the Zhou Dynasty. Today's Zhangbian County, Shaanxi The plateau area was called Shaanxi Plain in ancient times, and Shaanxi at that time was the Jingwei Plain to the west of Shaanxi Plain. After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Shaanxi Jiedushi was established, and Shaanxi was transformed into the name of an administrative region. Shaanxi Road was established in Song Dynasty. Shaanxi Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty established Shaanxi Province. ?

Take the word "Shaan" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

Because the area under its jurisdiction was the territory of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period, it was also referred to as "Qin". ?

21. Sichuan Province (Sichuan or Shu)?

The area under its jurisdiction was Shu County during the Qin Dynasty. The Han Dynasty established the Yizhou Department. The Tang Dynasty established Jiannan Road, which was divided into two sections: Jiannan Dongchuan and Jiannan Xichuan. In the Song Dynasty, Xichuan Road and Xia Road were established. Later, Xichuan and Xia Road were divided into four roads: Yizhou, Zizhou, Lizhou and Kuizhou. They were collectively called "Cuanxia Four Roads", or "Sichuan Road" for short. The name of Sichuan was This is generated. In the Yuan Dynasty, the four provinces were merged and established as Sichuan Province. Since then, Sichuan Province has been governed by it to this day. ?

Take the word "Chuan" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

Because the western part of the jurisdiction was the territory of the Shu Kingdom in ancient times, it was also referred to as "Shu". ?

22. Guizhou Province (Guizhou or Guizhou)?

Before the Song Dynasty, Juzhou was established. Because the local pronunciation of "gui" and "ju" was difficult to distinguish, it was also written as Guizhou. Yuan It was originally named Guizhou. The Guizhou Chief Envoy Department was established. Guizhou Province was established. ?

Take the word "gui" in the full name as the abbreviation. One theory is that because there are noble mountains in the territory, it is called "Gui" for short. ?

The northeastern part of the jurisdiction belonged to Qianzhong County in the Qin Dynasty and Qianzhong Road in the Tang Dynasty, so it was also referred to as "Qian". One theory is that there are Qianling Mountain and Qianling River in the territory, so it is called "Qian" for short. ?

23. Yunnan Province (Yunnan or Dian)?

Because it is south of Yunling, it is named Yunnan. Yunnan County was established in the Western Han Dynasty. Yunnan County was established during the Shu-Han period of the Three Kingdoms. The Yuan Dynasty established the province of Yunnan. The Yunnan Chief Envoy Department was established in the Ming Dynasty. Yunnan Province was established. ?

Take the word "cloud" in the full name as the abbreviation. ?

Because the area around Kunming, the administrative center, belonged to the Dian Kingdom during the Warring States Period, it was also referred to as "Dian". One theory is that because there is Dian Lake in the territory, it is called "Dian" for short.

China is a multi-ethnic country with Chinese civilization as its source, Chinese culture as its foundation, and the Han nationality as the main ethnic group. Chinese and Chinese characters are commonly used. The Han nationality and ethnic minorities are collectively referred to as the "Chinese nation". He claims to be a descendant of the Yellow Emperor and a descendant of the Dragon.

China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world and has a long history. About 5,000 years ago, settlement organizations began to appear centered in the Central Plains region and then formed a country. Later, it went through many ethnic blends and dynasties. changes until the formation of a unified situation of a multi-ethnic country. After the Revolution of 1911 at the beginning of the 20th century, the monarchy withdrew from the stage of history, and a democratic and political system was established. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the People's Congress system of government was established in mainland China.

China has a vast territory and numerous ethnic groups. The Chinese ethnic group thrived in the Central Plains during the pre-Qin period. In the Han Dynasty, the Han ethnic group formally took shape through cultural integration, laying the foundation for China's main ethnic group. Later, through the integration with surrounding ethnic groups, a unified multi-ethnic country was gradually formed, and the population continued to rise. China's population exceeded 100 million during the Song Dynasty, 400 million during the Qing Dynasty, and by 2005, China's population had exceeded 1.3 billion.

Chinese culture has a long history, is profound, and is colorful. It is the cultural suzerain of the East Asian cultural circle and occupies an important position in the world cultural system. Due to differences in geographical location and natural conditions, humanities and economy Each aspect also has its own characteristics. Traditional cultural and artistic forms include poetry, opera, calligraphy, Chinese painting, etc., while the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc. are important traditional festivals in China.