Why is Pompeii, the capital of wine and color, extinct?

Pompeii is an ancient city with a long history, located in the southwest corner of Italy. Located at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, it is a beautiful summer resort.

According to records, Pompeii was built by ten tribes in Austria. Until 79 AD, it was still a paradise for the rich, and rich nobles gathered here to have fun. Therefore, Pompeii has become a veritable city of wine and color.

Vesuvius is an active volcano. In early AD, Strappo, a famous geographer, concluded that it was an extinct volcano according to its geomorphological features. At that time, Pompeii completely believed Strappo's assertion and didn't care about Vesuvius. Green crops are planted on both sides of the volcano, and the plains are full of lemon forests and orange forests, as well as other orchards and vineyards. They never imagined that this "extinct volcano" was brewing a devastating disaster. On February 5, 62 AD (or 63 AD), a strong earthquake occurred in this area, causing many buildings to collapse. Many damaged buildings we saw in Pompeii today were caused by that earthquake. After the earthquake, Pompeii rebuilt the city and pursued luxury. However, before Pompeii could fully recover from the earthquake, Mount Vesuvius suddenly erupted on August 24th, 79 AD.

At that time, Pompeii had 25,000 residents. Although most people fled the disaster area, more than 2,000 people were still buried under volcanic ash and lava. When it disappeared, some Pompeii people who survived the robbery went back to the old city at the foot of Vesuvius to dig their homes, hoping to find something they didn't take away in time, but found nothing. With the passage of time, people gradually forgot about Pompeii, and Pompeii disappeared.

Pompeii has very advanced municipal facilities and people live a luxurious life. But overnight, the lava of the volcano swallowed everything, and the ancient civilization of mankind was doomed to this disaster. 1594, someone built a canal in Pompeii, and accidentally found some marble fragments and stone money. 1689, someone dug a well in the suburb of Naples and unearthed some carved stones, one of which was engraved with the name of Pompeii. Some people speculate that Pompeii is in this area.

1748, local farmers stumbled upon some relics in the ruins of the ancient city of Pompeii, so they began to search for the ancient city of Pompeii. The first wonderful mural was found under the brown-red volcanic ash pile, and the first human remains were dug up. Some ancient gold and silver coins were scattered around the ruins. Judging from the traces left by the deceased on the ground, the deceased was in a hurry to catch the rolling gold coins and died suddenly because of bad luck.

1763, German-born John winkelmann (1717-1768) was appointed as the director of cultural relics in Rome and its vicinity. In this capacity, he visited Pompeii and Herculaneum, spoke highly of the cultural relics unearthed in the ancient city, and successfully sorted out countless scattered cultural relics.

From 1808 to 18 15, French scholars presided over the excavation of this dead city. Since 1860, people have systematically excavated Pompeii. 1890, archaeologist usapi Fiorelli put the excavation work on the right track. He developed a new excavation technology, which made the people, animals, furniture and wooden buildings buried in the dead city fully reproduce the style of the year. Visitors can see the dying state of the victims: or curled up with their heads in their hands; Or cover your face with your hands and fall to the ground; Or grab the purse and run away in a hurry; Or holding a baby, mother and child are in trouble; There are also slave gladiators who can't get rid of the shackles and die in chains ... tragic scenes appear in front of tourists. In a rich mansion, the house was being repaired. During the disaster, the owner's family and craftsmen all hid in an aisle and died together. It was terrible. In a villa in the suburbs, 20 people, whether masters or slaves, hid in the cellar when the disaster happened, and the result was mutual destruction. The scene is very tragic. Everything seems to have happened yesterday. Pompeii seems to have fallen asleep 1900 years and just woke up.

Until today, only three-fifths of Pompeii has been excavated. Like Herculaneum, there are many victims and utensils buried in the ground. Nevertheless, Pompeii's former glory has been fully displayed in front of the world.

Pompeii covers an area of 1.8 square kilometers. The city wall is made of stone, with a circumference of 4.8 kilometers. There are seven doors, 14 towers, which are very spectacular. Four streets paved with vertical and horizontal stones form a "well" shape, which divides the whole city into nine districts, and each district has many streets and lanes. The deep ruts rolled by metal wheels in the street are vivid, as if the carriage had just passed by.

There is a stone pool at the intersection of the main street, which is nearly 1 m high and about 2 meters long and supplies water to the public. The sink communicates with the water tower in the city. The water in the water tower is a cross groove made of masonry, and the spring water is taken from the mountain outside the city. Then it is diverted to the public water tanks at various intersections, and the fountains and fish ponds in the courtyards of noble and wealthy businessmen also rely on this system for water supply.

Pompeii also built two large theaters, the largest of which is located in the southeast of the city. It was built in 70 BC and can accommodate 20,000 people. It can also be used as an arena where people and animals fight.

There is also a circular stadium on the east side of this grand theater, which is approximately square, and each side is about 1.30 meters long. The venue is very gorgeous, and there is a swimming pool in the center. It is estimated that this stadium can accommodate more than 65,438,000,000 spectators. It is the political, economic and religious center of this city.

There is a rectangular square in the southwest of the city, surrounded by government offices, courts, temples and markets.

There are at least three public bathrooms in the city, with complete hot and cold water baths and steam baths, as well as dressing rooms and other service facilities. The walls are decorated with stone carvings and murals.

The ruins of Pompeii fully reflected the moral degeneration of ancient Roman society, and some people indulged in debauchery, debauchery and alcoholism. Pompeii is obviously more than two cities; First, there are many brothels; second, there are many pubs. The walls of brothels are covered with unsightly lewd scenes; There are many hotels in the city, and there are wine stalls and counters at the door. People who drink can stand outside the counter and drink. On the walls of some hotels, there are some crooked poems and evil articles written by drunkards, which are still discernible.

Because Pompeii preserved the truth and precious information of social life in ancient Rome, it became a rare natural history museum in the world. It is not only a wonderful portrayal of ordinary city life, but also a treasure house.

Now Pompeii has become a famous tourist attraction in Italy, attracting thousands of tourists every year. When we are wandering in this beautiful scenery, who would have thought of the tragic scene more than ten years ago?

Pompeii city