The magical Dutch culture

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General area: 415.26 million square kilometers population:15.6 million.

Capital: Amsterdam

Language: Dutch

Religion: Christianity

Voltage: 220 volts

Climate: The climate is mild, but the wind along the North Sea coast is strong and easy to change, so rain gear is needed all year round. Time: Beijing time -7

Literature and sports

Holland has elegant and splendid culture and art; A large number of collections in major museums are very valuable; Drama and music have a wide range of performances and rich contents; Artists have a vast world to try different innovative arts. At various art festivals every year, Dutch domestic and international works compete with each other. The central government focuses on promoting the quality and diversity of artistic practice in the Netherlands, and encourages artistic creation and art purchase through financial subsidies. As an advisory body to the Minister of Science, Education and Culture, the Culture and Arts Advisory Council assists the government in formulating arts and arts policies.

literature

Although there are relatively few readers who read Dutch, the Netherlands is rich in literary heritage and has nurtured many influential literary writers for centuries. Judging from the number of poets and poems published every year, the Netherlands even ranks third in the world. In the field of language and literature, the Belgian and Dutch governments are stepping up their efforts to implement joint policies. In order to promote the realization of this alliance, the two governments established the Dutch Language Alliance in 1982, which is the only institution aimed at protecting the Dutch language.

music

In classical music, there are a large number of orchestras in the Netherlands, which are distributed all over the country. The most famous is the Royal Concert Hall Orchestra in Amsterdam, which often performs abroad. Famous small orchestras include18th century wind orchestra, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra and Amsterdam Schoenberg Orchestra. Dutch opera is very prosperous, especially Amsterdam's Dutch opera is famous at home and abroad. The Dutch Opera House puts out about 10 plays every year, mainly in Amsterdam. Modern opera plays an important role in the repertoire. Outside the capital Amsterdam, there are also some troupes performing operas.

The Dutch Music Festival is world-famous and lasts 1 month in Amsterdam every June. Another important music festival is the Dutch Early Music Festival in Utrecht, where outstanding musicians and orchestras at home and abroad play medieval music and baroque music. Jazz and improvisation also attracted a large audience.

Major cities have internationally renowned music centers, such as the Bim Music Room in Amsterdam. Beihai Jazz Festival is held in The Hague every year, which is the largest and most famous jazz festival in Europe. Pop music has also made remarkable achievements. Saxophone player Dolph and pop band City Dance Team performed at home and abroad. From the beginning of the year to the end of the year, there are large-scale pop concerts, the most famous of which are Pentecostal Pop Concert, Park Pop Concert and Dynamo Open-air Pop Concert.

drama

There are a large number of professional troupes in Holland. These include small troupes that specialize in performing traditional plays, which pay attention to the pursuit of musical skills, imitation performances and the integration of various new acousto-optic technologies. Dohetlup regularly staged various large-scale international dramas abroad. Amsterdam and Antwerp (Belgium) hold comedy art festivals every year. The film festival will re-present the important plays of the past year to the audience. Holding a large music festival is a good new exhibition. Internationally renowned plays such as Cat, Phantom of the Opera and Les Miserables have been translated into Dutch and sold out. In addition, the Dutch adaptation of "Sihanouk" is also very popular. It was staged on Broadway in new york on 1993.

film

The film industry in the Netherlands is small, with an annual output of 10 to 15 stories (art), and sometimes it is co-produced with other countries. Some of these films are famous overseas. 1987, Red Meckel won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film for his film Assault. Nine years later, Hollis won the same award for her film antonia. Director V Hoofen is famous in the Netherlands for his films The Orange Warrior and The Fourth Man. Recently, he is internationally renowned for his films "Armored Veyron" and "Instinct". Photography and director Debonte were equally successful in his films The Speed of Life and Tornado. The Netherlands has hosted several major film festivals, such as Rotterdam International Film Festival, World Video Festival, Netherlands Film Festival and Amsterdam International Documentary Film Festival. The uniqueness of the Netherlands is that it has nurtured several excellent documentary directors. As early as 1930s, Evans enjoyed an international reputation for his works. Other important documentary producers include Vernott, fremont and Hanstra. He won an Oscar for his documentary "Glass Made in 1958". Van der Chuken's literary films are very famous in the world, such as Rasbert.

Take pictures of ...

Dutch photography is characterized by focusing on people and things in real life. This tradition was formed long before the war. The famous photographers are Andreas and Osos. After 1980s, Dutch landscape photography has achieved international success. At present, the works of Olaf and Lansveld show that the Netherlands has a successor in this field: the latter's computer-aided photography has caused a sensation in the world and become a model work. The younger generation has restored the elegance of documentary photography, and the popular themes are urban scenery and portraits. Altman and Holland are famous for their documentary photography. The main photo collections in the Netherlands are displayed in the National Museum and the Municipal Museum in Amsterdam, as well as the photo collection room of Leiden National University. There are three leading photography institutions in the photography center building in Rotterdam: the Dutch Photography Society, the Dutch Photography Archives and the National Photography Restoration Studio.

Painting, Sculpture and Art Design The enduring tradition of painting in the Netherlands is world-renowned, which has given birth to painting masters such as Rembrandt, hals, Vermeer, Van Gogh and mondriaan. However, contemporary painting and sculpture artists have also made great achievements and maintained the traditional height of Dutch art. Dutch contemporary artists are frequently exposed in international art activities, such as the famous Vienna Biennale and the Dokumanta International Art Fair in Kassel. The most outstanding painters after the war are Carol Abel and Cornell, both of whom are members of the cobra movement and are still active today. Other famous contemporary artists are: Van Aleck, Dubois, Strucken, School, Jolin and Dewar. The characteristic ideas emphasized by Dutch art design are: simplicity, lightness and simplicity. The most typical example is the works of members of cultural and sports movements. "Style" is an organization of art designers and artists, which had a great influence on the artistic climate in the Netherlands around 1920. Famous representatives are mondriaan, Dosburg and Littleford. The famous Ritfield chair can be regarded as a typical representative of symmetry and geometric modeling in art design. After the war, the government, as a project provider, played an important role in the development of art design. Examples of artistic design that can be seen in daily life are stamps and paper money. Dutch paper money is regarded as a master of art design. The 50 Dutch guilders, 100 Dutch guilders and 250 Dutch guilders designed by Wersenna are like "magnificent symphony of natural passion" and are well-deserved masterpieces. Droop Kingston is designing a series of new banknotes. The Dutch Art and Design Society, located in Amsterdam, performs the function of "promoter" of Dutch art and design, is active at home and abroad, and builds a bridge for representatives from different artistic fields. Eindhoven Institute of Industrial Design is a professional higher education institution of industrial design and industrial modeling, which enjoys a good reputation.

physical exercise

Sports is an important part of Dutch daily life. About 470,000 Dutch people are members of sports clubs. There are about 35,000 sports clubs in the Netherlands. In addition, many people engage in various sports outside the club. Most Dutch people are interested in sports: when an important football match is broadcast, the audience at the same time can sometimes be as high as 654.38+million. Sports is of great social significance, which can not only safeguard national health, but also benefit personal development, social cohesion, social integration and social equality. Therefore, the government provides financial subsidies to all sports institutions. But the main sources of income of sports clubs are membership fees, ticket income and various gambling games. In addition, companies and enterprises provide sponsorship for various sports. Sports policy is mainly decided by the sports circles themselves, and it is carried out in the form of Dutch Olympic Committee-Dutch Sports Federation, which is a huge organization.

Sports in the Netherlands have developed rapidly. In terms of professional football, the Dutch teams Ajax, Feyenoord and Eindhoven, as well as players cruyff, Van Basten, Gullit, Rijkaard, Bergkamp and van der Sar, are all world-famous. For other sports, the first-class Dutch athletes are also participating in the highest-level competitions: Rizma, volleyball, equestrian, tennis and so on. Football ranks first in Dutch folk sports. The Football Association has more than 654.38+00,000 members and is also the largest sports organization. There are modern sports facilities every week. The newly-built gymnasium "Arena" in Amsterdam is the most advanced gymnasium in Europe. Tennis has developed rapidly in recent years. Tennis Association has more than 700,000 members, ranking second in the Netherlands. Other common sports are gymnastics, swimming, volleyball, cycling, judo, skating, hockey, windsurfing, handball and basketball. Golf is also developing rapidly. In addition, many people ride bicycles in their spare time: bicycles are also called "national cars" in the Netherlands.

society

Population and migration

The population of the Netherlands has now exceeded 654.38 million. 1900 population is about 5 million. The total land area is 4 1526 square kilometers, including a large number of rivers, canals and lakes. The average population density is 456 people per square kilometer, so the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Immigration from other countries to the Netherlands is nothing new, it has existed for centuries. If traced back far enough, it is rare that the ancestors of the Dutch did not have one or more immigrants. At present, 5. 1% of the Dutch population is of foreign nationality. Because the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, the current immigration policy is characterized by strictly controlling the number of new immigrants. For a period of time after World War II, the government once pursued an active immigration policy, because the Netherlands did not have enough resources to make all Dutch people live a decent life. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, foreign workers were recruited from Italy, Morocco and Turkey due to the shortage of labor. Since the 1980' s, immigration applications will be approved only when it is beneficial for the Netherlands to enter the country, or because the Netherlands has to fulfill its obligations under certain international agreements, or for important humanitarian reasons. In the treatment of immigrants, the Dutch government actively promotes the integration policy. Over the years, the number of immigrants in the Netherlands fluctuated around 60,000 per year, but it dropped to 37,000 in 1994. Marriage and family reunion are still important factors of immigration, but the trend of ethnic minority members who have lived in the Netherlands for a long time returning to their countries of origin to find their spouses and bringing them back to the Netherlands is declining. The Dutch government requires that one party in the Netherlands must be able to afford the life of his spouse or other family members after coming to the Netherlands. This requirement may have played a role in this regard.

the Dutch

Dutch is the mother tongue of more than 2,654,380,000 Dutch and Flemish. Therefore, it is a medium-sized language, ranking around 30th among the most widely used languages in the world. Dutch is one of the official working languages of EU 1 1. In northwest France, 60,000 people speak Dutch. About 250 universities around the world teach Dutch.

Religious and social factions

Since the Reformation in16th century, religions in the Netherlands have been divided into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. A general dividing line can be drawn from Zeeland province in the southwest to Groningen province in the northeast. Traditionally, the northern line is dominated by Protestantism, while the southern line is a Catholic parish. Protestantism itself can be further divided into many groups, such as reformism, liberal Protestantism and Lutheranism. From the middle of this century, the influence of the church in Holland began to decline. The tradition of inheriting parents' beliefs no longer exists, so there is a tendency of "secularization", which first appeared in Protestantism and later Catholicism followed suit. Most Dutch people are no longer members of a church. However, different religious groups still have an important impact on society. Immigrants from Morocco, Turkey, Indonesia and Suriname have increased the number of Muslims and Hindus. 1848 the constitution guarantees people's freedom of religious belief.

traffic

Railway Dutch state-owned railway is abbreviated as NS. The railway network in the Netherlands is very developed and the time is very accurate.

mine car

Take the tram to the main attractions of Amsterdam, which is the best means of transportation to visit Amsterdam.

taxi

You can't park on the road at will. Generally, you should get on the bus at the prescribed taxi stand or at the entrance of the hotel. The service charge is included in the fare.

Rent a car

Metropolitan and Schiphol Airport have car rental service desks. The cost varies from model to model. Usually, it is about 100 km every day, which is about 63 yuan. Tenants must be at least 23 years old and must hold an international driver's license and credit card issued by the signatory countries of the Geneva Treaty.

Extraterritorial jurisdiction: the territory of Bohemians in Czech culture.

August 25th, 2004 08: 46: 00 Southern Metropolis Daily

A considerable number of Czech writers have active political expression ability, which is probably an extension of Bohemian style. For example, Hasek, a novelist who joined the Bolsheviks, seifert, a poet who served as a professional diplomat, and Javier, a playwright who served as president.

In the recent European Cup, the performance of the Czech team surprised the world. Nedved was originally the European Footballer of the Year, Poposki was a winger, and Baroche was a dazzling star excavated in this Portuguese European Cup. I can imagine people on both sides of Prague and vltava river cheering. This most beautiful ancient city in Europe is bound to attract more tourists this summer (no matter where Kafka was born). I had the opportunity to revisit that land, but in order not to damage the impression of my first visit to Prague, I decided to save the city in my memory. This is an amazing beauty.

The Czech Republic belongs to Central and Eastern Europe and is the westernmost country among Slavic peoples. Ors Mountain is like a machete, planted in the foothills between Leipzig and Nuremberg in the hinterland of Germany. There are still many German-speaking people living in the western Czech Republic, which provided an excuse for Nazi Germany to occupy Czechoslovakia during World War II. As two regions of the Republic, the Czech Republic and Moravia, most of their territories originally belonged to Bohemia, the historical and geographical region of Europe. The latter now means synonymous with a free, unrestrained and even decadent lifestyle.

At least the French thought that the gypsies who lived in Paris in the19th century came from Bohemia, so Hugo wrote Notre Dame de Paris. Italian composer Puccini's opera The Bohemian (also known as The Artist's Life) tells the love stories of several young poets, painters and musicians. Like his other operas, it expounds such a theme: "Everyone in born to love died of love."

Hus, a religious reformer in the 0/4th century, was born in Bohemia. He played a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Reformation era, and was the forerunner of the Reformation movement initiated by Luther one hundred years later. Hus was born in poverty. When he was studying at Prague University, he made a living by taking part in church choirs. After receiving his master's degree, he stayed in school to teach Aristotle's philosophy and English realistic philosophy, and at the same time served as a missionary in the church, preaching in Czech instead of Latin.

Hus later became the president of Prague University. He resolutely opposed the oppression of the Czech nation by German rulers and the Catholic Church, and condemned the corruption of the Catholic Church. 14 14 years, Hus was tricked into being tried at the konstanz conference and sentenced to the stake. Although Bohemian nobles tried their best to mediate, Hus was burned alive at the stake the following year. A few years later, the Hus War broke out. The Pope and the Kaiser sent five Crusaders successively, but they still haven't subsided. Finally, it was defeated because of the internal division of the rebel army.

A considerable number of Czech writers have active political expression ability, which is probably an extension of Bohemian style. For example, Hasek, a novelist who joined the Bolsheviks, seifert, a poet who served as a professional diplomat, and Javier, a playwright who served as president. As the first truly important Bohemian composer, Bedrich Smetana is famous for his opera The Betrayed Bride and the symphony suite My Motherland, which was composed when he was deaf in his later years. The second movement, vltava river, fascinated me when I was a student.

Smetana finally broke down because of unbearable deafness and died in a mental hospital in Prague. As the founder of Czech national music, many Czech musicians have been influenced by him since Janacek. Janacek, like psychoanalyst Dr Freud, was born in Moravia in the eastern Czech Republic and died in ostrava, the capital of North Moravia.

If Bedrich Smetana founded the Czech national music school, then dvorak was the one who developed this school to the extreme, and he was also the first Bohemian composer to win the world reputation. Dvorak was born in a small village on the vltava river in the north of Prague. He was exposed to music in an inn run by his father when he was very young. As a teenager, he became a skilled violinist and showed his talents in amateur music activities of local couples.

After attending an organ school in Prague, dvorak got to know the famous Hungarian composer Brahms, and Brahms introduced him to an influential publisher, which attracted the attention of the world. After becoming famous, dvorak was invited to be the first dean of new york Conservatory of Music, and wrote the well-known Symphony from the New World. Soon, however, he was homesick and returned to his hometown of Bohemia until his death, which was just the opposite of the tennis queen Navratilova, who was born in Prague and lived in the new world after becoming an American citizen.

Cai Tianxin is a poet. Now living in Hangzhou. He is the author of the prose collection Numbers and Roses. (Author: Cai Tianxin)

Bohemia

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