On the theme of photographic composition in the form of news reports

News refers to a style that newspapers, radio stations and television stations often use to record society, disseminate information and reflect the times. There are many kinds, and only the most commonly used messages and communications are introduced here.

News, also called news.

The concept of news has narrow sense and broad sense. Single-point news in a narrow sense; Broadly speaking, it refers to news, communication, reportage, features, comments, etc. News is to quickly and timely report the latest, valuable and most concerned facts at home and abroad with general narrative methods and relatively concise words.

First, the message characteristics:

The content is true and the facts are accurate. Truth is the life and power of news. Facts are its source and its convincing basis. Truth is truth, and the characters, time, place and development of things written can't be fictional. Accuracy means that every fact, including details, is accurate. If a piece of news is distorted or wrong, it will not only reduce its news value, but also harm the cause of the party and the people. The content is fresh and valuable. News is valuable, cognitive, enlightening and instructive in novelty. News should be innovative in order to attract readers' attention and get a sneak peek. Innovation not only means reporting new people, new events and new experiences to readers. We should also choose something meaningful, valuable, inspiring and educational. We don't hold the view that "dog bites dog is not news, but man bites dog is news". Should be timely, timely, timely. Speed is the value of news. Slow news reporting will reduce the value of news, and "news" will become "old news". Prescription means speed and new content. Be sensitive to new people, new things, new situations and new problems, understand them as soon as possible and reflect them in time. Concise and to the point. Conciseness is the main sign that news is different from other styles. The so-called conciseness means "in a few words, remember the facts clearly, only a few strokes, show the spirit, summarize without abstraction, be brief without omission", use a pen succinctly and neatly, and concentrate on refining the content.

Second, the types of messages (generally speaking, messages can be classified into four categories):

1. Dynamic message

Dynamic news is a style that quickly and accurately reports the latest major international and domestic events, important activities and the latest new situations, new trends, new achievements and new problems in various constructions. It is the most used category in newspapers. Newsletters of major news are all dynamic news. Major news refers to the news with great events and far-reaching significance, which occupies a prominent position in the newspaper when reported. For example, China Multipurpose Satellite (Guangming Daily)1May 1993 13). The content of the newsletter is the first and the length is short. Such as "international news bulletin", "academic trends" and "market walk".

2. Typical message

Typical news, also known as empirical news, is a style that focuses on the typical experiences and successful practices of some specific departments, units and industries. This kind of news is to sum up experience and reveal laws after introducing experiences and practices, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting work from point to area. For example, "Everything is created by the people themselves-a basic experience of Shougang's ten-year reform" (People's Daily)198865438+February 26th).

3. Comprehensive news

Comprehensive news is a report that combines the facts that happened in different places, different units, with different characteristics and the same nature to reflect a theme. Its characteristic is to analyze, put forward opinions and reveal laws on the basis of synthesizing and summarizing facts. For example, "If trees are cut down indiscriminately, floods still occur frequently in the three countries of South Asia, it is better to help North India plant trees" (Guangming Daily1July 25, 993).

Step 4 review the news

Also known as "reporter comments" and "news comments". It is a kind of news with both news and comment functions. It is on the basis of stating facts, interspersed with comments or expressing feelings, so as to analyze and explain the essence and significance of the reported facts. It is characterized by narration and comments, which require comments on facts based on the principles and policies of the country, with correct views and proper comments. For example, "distinguish between the mainstream and the tributaries, and don't take" beginning "as" overdoing it "(Liaoning Daily 65438+May 0979).

Third, the writing of information:

1. Title

News headlines are divided into eyebrow topics (also known as leading topics and shoulder topics), themes (also known as themes and motifs) and subheadings (also known as auxiliary topics and subheadings). Appear in newspapers and periodicals under the following circumstances:

(1) multi-line title. There are generally three lines in a multi-line title, that is, the middle line is the title, which is the core of the title and is used to reveal the theme or prompt important facts; The line above the topic is the eyebrow question, which is used to lead to the topic, explain the facts, explain the background, set off the atmosphere and reveal the meaning; The line below the topic is a subtitle, which is used to supplement or explain the topic or basis. For example:

Speech by the head of the Ministry of Economic Relations and Trade (eyebrows)

Hope to realize cross-strait direct trade (topic)

Willing to contact and negotiate with Taiwan Province economic and trade authorities to solve problems in bilateral trade (title)

Double-line title. First, there are topics and eyebrows. For example:

True happiness depends on one's own labor to create (eyebrows)

Du presented his legacy to the country100000 yuan (topic).

Second, there are topics and sub-topics. For example:

Criticism of Chengdu Telecom Bureau for Spending Money to Buy (Topic)

Put a "notice" in the newspaper to welcome the masses to supervise the communication service (subhead)

(2) Single line title. Single-line titles have only topics. For example:

* * * Interview with Asahi Shimbun President

News headlines should be concise, approachable, accurate, novel and attractive. Which name to use depends on your own situation.

Step 2 introduce

The introduction of information is the first paragraph or sentence of information. It consists of the freshest and most important facts or incisive arguments in the news to attract readers. This is why the structure of messages is usually an "inverted pyramid". Lead often uses the following writing methods:

Narration. Write the main facts and experiences concisely, or make a comprehensive summary of the whole factual materials to reveal the main contents. For example, with the approval of the State Council, Dalian Guang Cai Industrial (Joint Venture) Co., Ltd., the first joint venture between self-employed individuals and Hong Kong businessmen in China, officially opened in April 1985. This is the news lead published by Economic Daily in April 1985.

Question type. Put forward the problems to be solved or the experiences and practices to be introduced in the news in the form of questions, and then answer them with facts. For example, "Dear readers, do you know corduroy can be used as a skirt in summer? Among many corduroies newly produced by Shanghai flannel factory, there are such novel varieties. (Xinhua News Agency1980 July 16 press release)

Descriptive style. Describe distinctive facts or meaningful aspects with concise pen and ink, giving readers a vivid impression. For example, "The Great Hall of the People is decorated with pots of green Ophiopogon japonicus, pine and cypress, evergreen and blooming flowers, and the All-China Women's Federation will hold a get-together here this afternoon. 1more than 500 Chinese and foreign women gathered together. Shake hands and say hello to each other, have a cordial conversation and celebrate Women's Day on March 8th. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing1March 8, 988)

Comment style. It is to make a critical conclusion on the reported facts first, and then clarify them with specific facts. For example, "Today, the first patent law promulgated by New China came into effect. Since then, the history of China's mental labor achievements being occupied for free has come to an end. " (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing 1985, April 1)

Quote. Quote the profound and meaningful language of the characters in the information as an introduction. For example, "Du, a young woman, went to the judicial organs in Shanghai and asked her to donate more than 10 million yuan of her inheritance to the country. She said,' I am still young, and I should live by my own labor. I am willing to use this money to support the country's four modernizations. (Wen Wei Po198129 September)

3. subjects

Theme is the main part of information. It follows the introduction, expounds the theme revealed in the introduction, or answers the questions raised in the introduction, and describes and develops the news facts in detail. Pay attention to the following points when writing the text:

The trunk protrudes. The main body of information is the backbone, and typical materials should be used on the backbone. We should remove clues, reduce branches and vines, discard irrelevant and secondary materials and keep them short.

The content is substantial. Answering the questions raised in the introduction must be specific and substantive, so as to be convincing. What questions are asked in the lead, the subject should answer what questions, so as to stick to the center and highlight the key points.

Rigorous structure and distinct levels. It is necessary to divide the paragraphs appropriately and unfold the narrative in an orderly manner. The arrangement order of the levels is as follows: first, the time order, according to the order of occurrence, development and end of things; The second is logical order, that is, arranging levels according to the internal relations of things; Third, the combination of chronological order and logical order makes the writing compact, orderly and lively.

4. Background

Background refers to the historical environment and causes of the event, and explains the specific conditions, nature and significance of the event. It is to enrich the content, contrast and highlight the theme. The background can appear in the main body, introduction or end, and its position is not fixed. There are generally three types of background materials: first, comparative materials, that is, comparing things before and after, positive and negative contrast, and highlighting the importance of events; The second is to explain the materials, that is, to introduce the political background, geographical location, historical evolution, production features, material conditions and so on. Third, the explanatory materials, that is, the description of the life of the characters, the introduction of professional terms, the explanation of historical allusions, etc. To help readers understand the news content.

5. Conclusion

The conclusion is the last paragraph or sentence of the news. Clarify the meaning of the facts stated in the news, so that readers can deepen their understanding and feelings of the news and get more enlightenment from it. At the end of the message, there are summaries, comments, hopes and so on. Some news, after writing the facts, the article stops and the ending is in the facts. 1. The Copyright Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated on ().

A. 1980

B 1990

C. 199 1 year

D. 1998

2. As far as news and publicity are concerned, which of the following does not belong to the characteristics that news should have ()

A. report facts and convey information. B. there is a difference between trustworthy and untrustworthy.

C. There are fundamental problems of truth and falsehood

D. The facts must be respected

3. News photography should truly reflect life and strengthen the sense of participation, which is ()

A. integrate yourself into the trend of life

B. Participate in the decision-making of relevant departments

C. Put forward rationalization proposals

D. Joint research and analysis of problems

4. With the passage of time, which of the following explanations about the word photojournalism in Ci Hai is inaccurate?

( )

A. A form of publicity that uses photography technology and skills to take pictures for news reporting.

B. Various photographic arts

C reflects the mainstream and essence of life with a high degree of authenticity and a strong atmosphere at the scene.

D. Photographers should not interfere with events and people's activities.

5. The famous journalist news historian who studies news photography as a part of journalism is ()

A. Shao Piaoping B. Hu Bozhou

C. Ge Ding Lin Ze Cang

6. The first annual meeting of photojournalism theory in China was held in ().

A. 198 1 year

B 1983

C. 1985

D. 1993

7. The printer used for digital image output is ()

A. laser printer

B. Digital printers

C. fax printer

D. photo printer

8. The focal plane shutter speed can generally reach ().

A.1125 seconds or more B. 1/250 seconds or more

C.1/more than 500 seconds D.11000 seconds or more.

9. What type does Canon EOS5 camera belong to ()?

A. Head-up view automatic focusing B. Head-up view manual focusing

C. Single-lens reflective manual focusing

D. Dan Toujing reflective eye control focusing

10. The exposure of the negative is correct, and () should be selected when enlarging.

A. 1 paper B.2 paper

C.3 paper D.4 paper

1 1. The complementary color of green light is ()

A. red light B. magenta light

C. yellow light D. cyan light

12. The allowable exposure error of color reversal film shall not exceed ()

A. 1/2 level

B. 1 grade

C.

D.2 level

13. If exposed according to the bright part of the scene, the hierarchical effect of the dark part of the scene is ()

A. The level is very rich

B. Rich in layers

C. The level is average

D. horizontal loss

14. Which of the following options does not belong to the lighting effect at sunrise and sunset ()?

A. the light varies greatly

B.the light changes very little

C. Low color temperature of light source

D. with light and colorful clouds.

15. The effective luminous time of electronic flash is in ().

A.11000 seconds or more

B. 1/250 seconds or more

C.11.25 seconds or more; D. 1/60 seconds or more.

16. Shoot in the following way, and the shutter speed should be selected at ().

A.115 seconds

B. 1/60/60 seconds or less

1125 seconds

D.1125 seconds or more

17. Aperture priority automatic exposure. After using the 4X filter, the exposure control is ().

A. Three-level exposure compensation is required

B. Need secondary exposure compensation

C. 1 exposure compensation is required.

D. the camera will automatically compensate.

18. In black-and-white photography, after using the green filter, the hue of the green object in the photo can be ().

A. shallow B. deep

C. invariable

19. The cool color tone refers to ()

A. all colors in the spectrum B. cyan, yellow and green light

C. purple, blue and cyan light

D. Blue, green and yellow light

20. The determination of the frame in the frame depends on ()

A. Main theme form

B. the structural form of the subject

C. the form of the subject

D. Frame subtraction principle

2 1. The function of potassium bromide in black and white developer is ()

A. developer B. protective agent

C. accelerator D. inhibitor

22.60mm×90mm format is suitable for 120 negative, and the lens focal length of the magnifier is ().

0.50 mm

75 mm caliber

90 mm

D.105mm