What does spatial structure painting mean? Let's take a look at some spatial structure painters.

1. Line and line technique, the element of sketch is a line, but the line does not exist in essence, it only represents the boundaries of objects, colors and planes, as an illusion of objects. Until modern times, lines were considered as spontaneous formal elements, independent of the depicted objects.

2. Sketch is to form the image of an object with lines and draw it on a plane, which arouses the association of the viewer through the line form. For example, the angle formed by the intersection of two straight lines can be considered as the boundary of a plane; In addition, adding a third line can create a three-dimensional effect on the screen. Curved lines can symbolize the vault, and intersecting lines can express the depth. People can get an understandable image from the change of lines. Therefore, through the means of lines, simple outlines can be developed into exquisite sketches.

3. In sketch, lines can be used to distinguish between three-dimensional and plane, and as for color shading, it is to strengthen and clarify the relationship between the whole and the part. We can draw the boundary with the beginning, disappearance and interruption of lines to form a plane, or we can let the colors reach the boundary. The thickness of lines can show the changes of objects, and even light and shadow can be shown through the changes of strokes of lines.

4. The line technique of sketch also needs the assistance of plane technique. When charcoal chalk is used in plane technology, brush wiping can be used in contrast between light and shade. It is more important to use the brush painting method, because the brush can give full play to the width and strength of strokes, and can increase the sense of space and three-dimensional sense. Sketch can also use multi-color brush as the basic material to enhance the sketch effect and artistic quality.

If the traditional painting sketch is for "pure art" (fine. Art) service, then, sketch design is for "practical art" (functionality? Art) service.

In structural design sketch, form and space are mainly analyzed by lines, and form and space are purposefully expressed by lines with different characteristics. Therefore, we must have a full understanding of structural lines to strengthen the ability of transforming lines into structures.

Analysis of various tectonic lines

horizontal line

Represent the spatial position and turning relationship of the form, check the position relationship between the form and the picture and space, and sometimes detect the horizontal state of the object.

vertical line

Represents the spatial position relationship and vertical rotation relationship, and checks the vertical state of the object.

Central axis

Mark the center of gravity and symmetry of the object, and check whether the object is empty. A sense of harmony and stability.

oblique line

It represents the dynamic relationship and perspective relationship of objects, checks whether the perspective change and dynamic situation of objects are correct, and is sometimes used to determine the outline and angular relationship of objects in three-dimensional space.

tangent

Express the relationship between the internal structure of the object and check the stable state of the object? And a space division state.

Anatomical line

Represents the relationship between the depth and thickness of an object, and is used to analyze the structure of the object? Complex model relationship between structure and surface formation.

Permeability line

Indicate the spatial depth and positional relationship of the object, and check the front, back, left and right of the shape. The exact relationship between rights and rights.

Deconstruction analysis of circle

In the analysis of structural design sketch, the understanding of circle is helpful for us to further understand the true meaning of structural design sketch. The circle is one of the shapes that we contact most in our life. For example, the sun, the moon and the earth are round, so are many electrical appliances we use. To truly understand and discover how the circle is transformed in the performance, we must analyze it from the modeling process of the circle.

Primitive circle

The primitive circle here refers to the circle without any deep consciousness expression, which is the most primitive understanding of the circle by human beings. Anyone who has experienced painting training, including children, is not difficult to reflect and judge the circle. Its form of expression is freehand drawing, crossing an arc as far as possible from beginning to end and enclosing it. ?

Mechanical roundness

The mechanical circle has been separated from the original circle, which makes people have a deeper understanding of the circle and know how to highlight the characteristics of the circle and make a standardized circle. This kind of circle is more accurate, but it loses its vividness to some extent. So it belongs to the expression of circle in mechanical drawing and product design. ?

Draw a circle

Drawing a circle refers to the performance of graphics by trained painting professionals. It is vivid and standardized, between the original circle and the mechanical circle, and it is the unity and change of form and spirit. ?

Design circle

The design circle combines the characteristics of primitive, mechanical and painting. Designing a circle has both artistic vitality and scientific rigor. Its expression is to find two diagonals in a square, and make the horizontal and perpendicular bisector through the intersection of the diagonals, thus forming four small squares, then make a diagonal in each small square, make a point at half of the four corners corresponding to this diagonal, and make an arc through the points. The resulting circle is the design circle.

Cube-Matrix of Structural Design Sketch

The cube we study here is a cube with object shape and weight, which starts from the three-dimensional space consciousness and abandons the light and shadow effect. In structure sketch, cubes or cubes are often used to analyze and understand the structure and shape of objects in all modeling activities. In addition, cubes are also used as the basic means and methods to express spatial structure.

Omnidirectional perspective effect performance

The main performance feature of structural design sketch is to show visible and invisible objects at the same time. It is different from the traditional painting sketch, which is based on the visual expression of light, shadow and darkness. It starts from all directions, analyzes the organic connection between the internal structure and the external form of the object, and shows the perspective effect. For example, observing an opaque object, we can regard it as a glass transparent body, and shape and express its internal structure lines and edge contours according to the laws of beauty.

Sketch in a broad sense refers to all monochrome paintings.

Sketch in a narrow sense refers to the painting training process used to learn art skills, explore modeling rules and cultivate professional habits. Art is a means to express things. The foundation of art is modeling, which is a complex labor carried out by people in a natural way and a special skill that needs long-term training. Artistic modeling is not only to shape isolated and static object forms, but more importantly, to express the organic relations of various forms in objects. To master the method of artistic modeling, we should not only restore people's natural way of thinking and operation, but also study the formal characteristics of natural objects and understand their changing laws and conditions. Sketch is the best way to solve these modeling problems, which has been fully proved in the practice of artistic modeling. Therefore, sketch is called "the foundation of plastic arts".

Sketch usually refers to methods that can leave traces on a plane, such as crayons, charcoal pens, pens, pencils, brushes, ink and paper. Others include abrasion caused by wet clay, ink-stained cloth, metal, stone tools, containers or cloth covers. Sketch is the basis of all painting and a necessary stage in the research process.

Outlines and lines are general terms for sketches. Sketch has a sense of natural law, which the viewer can feel from the process of appreciation. Different strokes create different lines and cross relationships, including rhythm, active and passive surroundings, plane, volume, tone and texture. ?

Sketch is a formal artistic creation, monochrome lines? Can things be expressed in the intuitive world? Ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols and even abstract forms. It does not pay attention to the whole and color like painting, but to the structure and form. Encyclopedia Britannica?

In the book Dictionary of Western Fine Arts (published by Lion Book Company), there is only one explanation related to sketch. It is considered that the sketch of a work or a part of a work is the artist's research and discussion on key points such as light and shadow, composition and the scale of the whole picture. It is a preliminary composition of the whole painting or one of the paintings. The sketch of a landscape painter is usually a small and quick record to show the lighting effect of the landscape and prepare for the idea of repainting in the future. ?

Sketch is a kind of expression with lines and faces. Every object has three parts under illumination: light and dark. From the deepest to the brightest, it is the boundary between bright and dark, dark and reflective, gray and bright. When painting, the bright part should be as dirty as possible and the dark part should be as stuffy as possible (that is, there are too many lines without gaps and reflections).

Sketch is the inevitable foundation of other arts, especially watercolor, oil painting, printmaking and sculpture (relief). In addition, graphic design is also the necessary foundation of sketch. Although sketch is regarded as a two-dimensional space? Art does not need color and the third dimension, but it also implies both.

Definition of Sketch (A Teacher's Manual from He Kang)?

French Dessin-British Drawing-Chinese is called "sketch". Sketch is to describe the position of external objects in space on a given area or plane material (paper, cloth, etc.). ), and through this training, we can master the light and dark levels and basic images of objects.

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In the process of sketch practice, sketch must pay attention to the relationship between light and objects, as well as the description technique of brush strokes, and present the body observed by one's eyes concretely and subtly. Therefore, sketch needs to cultivate its own observation ability. In addition, sketch can also be interpreted as all efforts between "being" and "painting", which is called "descriptive power of painting". For example, when depicting the still life on the table, we can not only find the different colors on the still life, but also find the harmony between the security on the table and the background. The complex factors such as shape, color, line, light and shade, texture, sense of quantity, sense of existence, sense of space and sense of dynamics are intertwined to form a beautiful order. Painting is to turn those natural orders into picturesque ones, which is also the meaning and purpose of sketch. Sketch is the basis of painting, and it is a kind of painting that can best reflect people's painting level. Therefore, we should be down-to-earth in our study, stick to it and not be impetuous.

Art college entrance examination sketch exam:

With the development of higher education in China, the enrollment of art colleges and majors is increasing. Many high school students who love art apply for art colleges and majors, and sketch exam is the main exam for art majors. How to improve the sketch score of college entrance examination is a problem that candidates are struggling to find. Therefore, the study of sketch examination is the top priority of art teachers' teaching in senior high schools.

At the end of 19, European art completely liberated the description of three-dimensional form and color due to the different pursuit and discussion of the artistic essence of post-impressionism and cubism party, so it also changed the traditional sketch training mode. In some countries, such as the Fine Arts Department of the University of Paris I, France, the course of "Sketch" has been replaced by "Two-dimensional, Monochrome and Multicolor Research". In this course arrangement, there is more space for sketch and more flexible materials. Students can use all kinds of media to practice two-dimensional modeling at will. Therefore, in addition to the basic concept of sketch, we should give more flexibility and flexibility in the training of sketch media, so that the training of sketch can not only match the artistic trend of thought, but also show stronger vitality and wider expressive force.

Sketch is an idea. It is also the basis of all graphic behaviors, especially painting. Up to now, sketch has been regarded as a special technique of expression, including line description, light and shadow, emphasis, tone and so on.

Sketch refers to the basic expression in painting. Because the main modeling elements of painting are lines and colors, if you want to play an infinitely beautiful scene in a limited two-dimensional space, you must skillfully use modeling techniques to achieve arbitrary results. Therefore, sketch is a record made by a painter who observes, experiences, imagines, chooses and reorganizes beautiful ideas with the simplest tools.

Because we focus on the process of painting development, there may be various tentative experiments, so the content and form of sketch expression are also diverse and rich.

Sketch is not only the basis of learning painting, but a good sketch itself is an independent work of art. Because the tools it uses are relatively simple and the completion time is short, it often conveys the author's instantaneous inspiration and passion more directly than many processed paintings, and captures the vivid charm of the painted objects. In some excellent sketches, we can get intuitive artistic feelings that are not easy to appreciate in other paintings.

In the history of western art, many masters of painting have left a lot of sketches, such as Three Renaissance Masters, Rubens, Rembrandt, Goya, Angel, Lie Bin and Menser. And some great painters, such as Titian and Velazquez, are rarely circulated, because they are good at drawing directly on canvas, so there are not many sketches left; However, from the few works we have seen, we can still see their unique skills in sketching. ?

Five shades of light and shade in sketch: bright part, semi-bright part, intersection of light and shade (darkest), projection surface and reflection surface? Pay attention to the basics when sketching? Drawing more geometry is very powerful!

Sketch, generally from the gypsum image, the primary stage of gypsum image as the teaching content. Its advantages are as follows: first, the plaster statue is a white object, which is convenient for us to observe the turning relationship and hierarchical differences of the head structure of the characters; Secondly, the plaster statue is static, which provides the greatest convenience for beginners to observe and describe objects carefully and patiently. The various differences and changes in the skin color and hair of the diluted characters will make us feel the nature of the body and structure of incomprehensible objects more directly; In addition, plaster statues are usually classic sculptures of ancient European masters and oriental artists. These statues themselves have also been summarized, summarized, strengthened and expressed by carving artists. The image characteristics and structural relationship of characters are more intense and vivid, and the dynamics and emotions are more vivid and infectious. In the training of plaster impression sketch, this object itself is a good artistic example, which provides us with the best method of structure, modeling and level. On the other hand, the above characteristics of plaster statue have actually explained the difference and difference between it and portrait painting. Then, what are the similarities and differences in the specific process of sketching?

In a word, there is no essential difference between plaster sketch and portrait sketch in terms of observation methods and performance steps, and they are relatively consistent. However, there are still some subtle differences in specific performance skills. First of all, the relationship between the body structure and muscle fluctuation of plaster statues is shaped by sculptors with carving knives, which has obvious traces of decent induction, generalization and treatment. For example, the eyebrows, beards, eyeballs, hair, etc. of plaster statues are all shapes induced and treated in a decent and massive way. The relationship between bones and muscles is obvious and firm.

The most important thing to learn sketch is to establish a correct concept and deeply understand the positive role of sketch in the field of painting. So the sketch can be an independent painting or a draft of a color painting. Of course, it is more necessary to use it as the basis of painting learning. ?

/kloc-Angel, the master of neoclassicism in the 0/9th century, once said: "Sketch includes everything except color" and said that "Sketch includes three quarters of painting". Aside from the absoluteness of this sentence, it is not difficult to see the efforts of a generation of masters on the relationship between sketch and painting. As mentioned above, vision recognizes the shape characteristics of objects on the basis of perception of lightness and color, and lightness is the basis of color. Therefore, lightness is the most important element of color. When you want to express a certain color, you must first determine the lightness. The same is true of color expression in painting. ?

In order to make it easier to understand, it is the main category of sketch to put forward the lightness problem in complex color relations. It can be said that sketch is the greatest effort except color in painting. ?

In the understanding of sketch, we can solve many painting problems, including lightness, shape, volume, texture, sense of quantity, sense of space and so on. In addition to color, this also covers almost all painting and modeling issues. Just like appreciating a black-and-white photographic work, you will find that you can almost feel the integrity of the object except the color. If sketch is to prepare for color, it is no exaggeration from the standpoint of learning. Once the concept of sketch is established, a comprehensive understanding of the color relationship should be the most appropriate way to learn basic painting.