How to consider urban planning in single building design

First, the definition of urban planning and architectural design

Urban planning and design

Urban planning and design is the comprehensive deployment of urban economic and social development, land use, spatial layout and various constructions in a certain period, and it is also the analysis and design of urban space. In other words, the coordination between the regional space of human activities and the spatial relationship between regions is to dynamically solve and coordinate the relationship between various buildings and the overall image of buildings, to continue the history of the city from the perspective of ecology and sustainability, and to look forward to the future of the city. It is a kind of spatial regional planning, which belongs to the macro level. Its research object is the whole city and its region, and its overall task is to provide spatial structure for various activities (or land use). This kind of planning is also called "physical environmental planning"

(2) Architectural design

Architectural design is the concrete implementation of urban planning in space, and the result of solving the requirements of usability, economy and aesthetics of indoor space. At the same time, under the premise of certain characteristics and styles of the times, it is in harmony with the surrounding environment, urban historical context and urban regulatory detailed planning. Therefore, architectural design is a micro-level spatial planning, and its main concern is the spatial characteristics of indoor and outdoor buildings or building communities.

Second, the relationship between them.

(A) the two are relatively independent

The general task of urban planning and design is to provide a spatial structure for various activities, involving the appearance, nature and division of labor of various parts of the city, industrial development and layout, social development and facilities, scale investment, composition, management and policy. Urban planning and design, as a comprehensive discipline that is gradually improving and developing, has relatively independent basic principles and methods for analyzing and designing urban space and arranging the relative relationship among urban development planning, architectural design and landscape design in practice. On the premise of urban planning, architectural design is to comprehensively conceive and solve the requirements of indoor space use, economy and beauty according to the requirements of construction tasks and engineering technical conditions, and specifically determine the spatial combination form, detail size, structure and material practices of buildings according to the functions of buildings, and at the same time, coordinate with the surrounding environment, urban historical context and urban regulatory detailed planning under the premise of certain characteristics and styles of the times [2].

(B) architectural design should be subject to urban planning

Urban planning is to dynamically solve and coordinate the relationship between various buildings and the overall image of the building from the perspective of ecology and sustainability, to continue the history of the city and look forward to the future of the city, so urban planning plays an important role in the orderly development of the city in the process of urban development; As one of the basic elements of urban composition, architecture must obey the urban content, and the relationship between them is point and surface in space. Good architecture, like solidified music, is the soul of a city, but architecture cannot be separated from the urban environment and must be integrated with it. Urban planning should first solve the problem of architecture, and architectural design is subordinate to urban planning and design. Sha Yi Li Ning, an American urban planner, once said: "Usually, the design is to put it in a house; Put the house around it; Put the surrounding environment into an urban planning. " When designing single or group buildings, we must consider the overall environment of the building and the small environmental problems within the red line of the development site, and must obey the overall urban planning and design.

Third, the importance of architectural design

(A) Architectural design restricts site design

Architectural design is not only the design of a single architectural object, but also involves site design. Site design is to meet the requirements of a construction project, on the basis of the existing conditions of the base and relevant laws and regulations, to organize the design activities of the relationship between various components in the site. Its fundamental purpose is to make all kinds of elements in the site harmonious and unified through design, in which architecture is the core content of site design and can form an organic whole with other elements [3]. It is embodied in the following aspects: from the work content, site design refers to all design activities except the detailed design of single building in the whole architectural design, which generally includes the overall layout of buildings, traffic facilities, landscaping facilities, vertical sites and engineering facilities, as well as the detailed design of traffic facilities, vertical sites and engineering facilities.

(B) architectural design affects urban planning and design

With the rapid development of economy, architectural design has also made great progress. While architectural creation is prosperous, there are also worrying problems. Architects often pay insufficient attention to humanity and environment in architectural creation. There is a blind pursuit of "novelty, strangeness and uniqueness" without considering the environmental problems of buildings, which often brings negative effects to urban landscape. For example, Chang 'an Street in Beijing, although every single building adopts the works of the best design institutes and the best architects in China, is often the focus of criticism in the industry. The main reason lies not in the shape of the building itself, but in the neglect of the surrounding environment and the overall disharmony caused by the strong desire to express individuality. For example, there is an island called Etra in the Aegean Sea of Greece, which attracts a large number of tourists every year, especially photographers and painters. It is called "Island of Artists". The whole island is covered with very simple Greek-style houses, and even police stations, hospitals and restaurants have been dismantled into parts, becoming the scale of residential buildings. For hundreds of years, the residents of the island have always abided by a rule that all buildings are no more than three stories and all external walls are white. This view of loving nature and coordinating with each other forms the design concept [4]. It can be seen that architectural design occupies a very important position in the whole urban planning, and whether it can pay attention to the coordination with the surrounding environment in the process of architectural design determines whether it can achieve good results in the end.

(3) Only by doing architectural design well can we do a good job in urban planning.

Architecture is the basis of urban planning, and urban planning plays a guiding role in architectural design. Through planning, the buildings will be combined to form an organic building group space, so the following aspects should be considered when designing buildings:

Combined with the environment. From the perspective of urban regional planning, the combination of architecture and environment is envisaged: the overall outline of the building echoes the existing buildings around it, the facade is compared with the actual situation, the color treatment is coordinated with the environmental style, and the streamline conforms to the environmental texture; Imagine the treatment of the local small environment of the building from the perspective of human feelings. Feel the shaping space through people's physiological and psychological needs.

2. Pay attention to styling. Should have its own style, strong integrity, simple reflection of complexity, unchanged. I like the plate effect in this respect, which is direct, clear and frivolous.

3. Rational planning. In the whole planning and design, we should inherit the historical context and use abstract methods to quote or continue the traces of history. The most important thing is to focus on thinking within the scope of human vision and focusing on consideration within the scope of vision; The top of the high-rise building and the places where people can't reach the roof are handled simply, which embodies a certain order and meets the possible overlooking effect. Control people's sight and small environment from the inclination of wall and the treatment of local floor. For example, curved glass can reflect the sky to the ground, which can introduce local low-level or hollow sunlight.

Four. conclusion

As an important part of the city, architecture can not only reflect the culture and history of the city, but also be a symbol of the city. Its quality will have a great influence on the image of a city. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the building itself, but also pay attention to whether it is in harmony with the surrounding environment, that is, to carry out architectural design under the guidance of urban planning and design in order to promote the harmonious and healthy development of urban economy and society.