The correct position and appearance of the chest give a medical figure.

1. Thoracic cavity is the second largest body cavity. The upper boundary of the chest is the lower boundary of the neck, the lower boundary is the bony lower thoracic opening, and the outer side is the front and rear edges of the deltoid muscle.

2. Bone marks on the chest can indicate the position of the chest:

(1) The suprasternal notch is located above the sternal stalk. Under normal circumstances, the trachea is located in the middle of the notch.

(2) The sternal stalk is a slightly hexagonal bone block at the upper end of the sternum. Both sides of the upper part are connected with the sternum ends of the left and right clavicles, and the lower part is connected with the sternum body.

(3) sternal angle, also known as Louis Angle. Located about 5cm below the suprasternal notch, it is formed by the joint where the sternal stalk and sternal body protrude forward. Its two sides are connected with the left and right second costal cartilage respectively, which is the main symbol of counting the order of ribs and intercostal spaces. Sternal angle also marks the bifurcation of bronchus, and the junction of upper atrial margin and upper and lower mediastinum is equivalent to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra.

(4) The epigastric angle is the angle formed at the junction of the left and right costal arches (composed of the 7th ~10 costal cartilage on both sides) of the lower sternum, also called the inferior sternum angle, which is equivalent to the diaphragm top. Normal around 70. The slender figure has a smaller angle, while the stout figure has a larger angle, which can be slightly widened when inhaling deeply. Followed by the left lobe of liver, stomach and pancreas.

(5) The xiphoid process, that is, the protruding part at the lower end of the sternum, is triangular and its bottom is connected with the sternum. The length of xiphoid process in normal people varies greatly.

(6) ribs, *** 12 pairs. It is connected with the thoracic vertebra corresponding to the back, and inclines downward from the upper back to the front, and its inclination is smaller in the upper strategy and slightly larger in the lower strategy. The distribution of ribs is as follows: 1 ~ 7 ribs are connected with their respective costal cartilages in the chest, and the 8 ~ 10 ribs are connected with three combined costal cartilages, and then connected with the sternum, thus forming the skeleton support of the chest. 1 1 ~ 12 ribs are not connected with the sternum, and their front ends are free edges, which are called floating ribs.

(7) Interrib space, the space between two ribs, is used to mark the horizontal position of the lesion. 1 Underrib notch is 1 Rib notch, the second Underrib notch is the second Rib notch, and so on. Most of the ribs can be felt on the chest wall, but 1 the front of the ribs is often invisible because it overlaps with the clavicle.

(8) The scapula is located between the second and eighth ribs of the posterior chest wall. The scapular ridge and its acromial end are easy to reach. The lowest end of the scapula is called the subacromial angle. When the subject takes an upright position and the upper limbs naturally droop, the subscapular angle can be used as a sign of the level of the seventh or eighth rib, or equivalent to the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra. This can be used as a sign of the number of ribs in the back chest.

(9) The spinous process of the spine is the sign of the posterior midline. The spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, located at the root of the neck, is the most prominent, and below it is the starting point of the thoracic vertebra, which is often used as a symbol of counting the thoracic vertebrae.

(10) The angle of rib ridge is 12 the included angle between rib and ridge. Its front end is the area where the upper end of kidney and ureter is located.

Extended data:

1, the chest consists of chest and chest contents, and the chest is divided into chest wall and diaphragm; The chest wall is divided into front wall, side wall and back wall by axillary front line and axillary back line, in which the back wall is called back and belongs to spine area; The contents of the chest cavity are divided into the middle mediastinum and the lungs and pleura on both sides.

2. The boundary of the chest, the division of body surface marks and chest mark lines. The characteristics of superficial and deep fascia of chest wall, the distribution and communication of superficial veins, the distribution of cutaneous nerves and the composition of inherent chest wall. Body surface projection of lung and pleural fold lines, body surface projection of heart and great vessels and their clinical significance.

3, the body of the chest is almost dominated by fat, except for fat, the biggest component of the chest is the breast.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-chest