How to answer the geography multiple-choice questions in the college entrance examination

Types of geography multiple-choice questions in college entrance examination and solving strategies

1. Comparative research multiple-choice questions

[Problem Features] Comparative research is a research method to compare and contrast interrelated things, determine their similarities and differences, and analyze the reasons for similarities and differences. It is an important means to understand the law of development of things. Comparative research methods have always occupied a high position in geographical research, especially in regional geographical research, and comparative research has an irreplaceable role in other methods. In the leading exam such as the college entrance examination, the purpose of consciously setting comparative questions is to strengthen the application of comparative research methods in the learning process, cultivate the ability to master and analyze the basic knowledge of regional geography, and deepen the understanding of the learned knowledge through horizontal and vertical comparison.

[Coping Strategies] When reviewing, don't separate regions, but pay attention to similar and related parts, and make horizontal and vertical analysis and comparison with relevant knowledge. Especially when comparing two regions, we should first have a deeper understanding of the regional characteristics to be compared, be familiar with the characteristics of regional development, and quickly reproduce the regional characteristics, so as to compare the similarities and differences between regions. Topography, climate, river hydrology, soil vegetation, economy, population, cities and other characteristics are often the focus of regional comparative research.

2. Outline interpretation multiple-choice questions

[Question characteristics] Isogram has always been the key content in geography teaching in middle schools, and it has also been a hot spot in college entrance examinations over the years. Common contour maps include contour map, isobar map, isotherm map, isoprecipitation map, isobath map, isoheight map, isosalinity map, etc. The contour map uses several contour lines to represent the distribution of geographical things. We can judge the distribution and change law of geographical things according to the numerical size, arrangement direction, density and curvature of contour lines, which is more rigorous and intuitive than literal narration. Because the isoline map is widely used and closely combined with the main knowledge of textbooks, the isoline map will still appear frequently in the future college entrance examination questions. In the review, we must pay attention to the study and understanding of various isolines in order to face such questions in the college entrance examination.

[Coping Strategies] To solve this body shape, we must master the most basic isoline map interpretation method. The interpretation of isoline map can be divided into the following steps: first, the type of isoline given in the map can be known according to the name of the map; The numerical range and extreme value of the second reading; Reading the bending direction and extension direction for the third time, the contour line will protrude from high value to low value ("convex height, convex low height"); Fourth, read the density degree and judge the priority of geographical elements according to the density degree. The denser the isoline, the faster the change, on the contrary, the slower the change; The fifth reading section is enclosed in a small area. If the value on the closed circle is equal to the value of the isoline with large values around it, the value on the circle is greater than that on the closed circle. On the contrary, if the value on the closed circle is equal to the value of the isoline with small values around it, the value inside the circle is smaller than that on the closed circle. Sixth, combine the specific related knowledge and characteristics to interpret.

When solving this kind of test questions, we often encounter the problem of judging the value between the contour curve and the nearby area. The simplest method is "auxiliary line method". Compare the relationship between the curve of isoline and the value of nearby area through the distribution of the value on the auxiliary line.

3. Coordinate map interpretation multiple-choice questions

[Question Features] There are three kinds of general coordinate diagrams: two-dimensional coordinate diagram (plane rectangular coordinate), three-dimensional coordinate diagram (plane regular triangle coordinate) and multi-dimensional coordinate diagram (such as radar statistical diagram and wind rose diagram). Coordinate map is the information that reflects multiple geographical elements on a map, which can clearly reflect the correlation or proportional relationship between two or more geographical elements, and is one of the most basic types of chart interpretation. Through the interpretation of the coordinate map in the topic, students' ability to understand and use data, summarize and analyze comprehensively can be well examined, so it is also a hot topic in the college entrance examination in recent years.

[Coping Strategies] To interpret the coordinate map, we must first accurately interpret the meaning of each coordinate in the whole coordinate system, so we must carefully observe the name and legend of the map, make clear the relationship between those geographical things and elements reflected on the map, and then interpret the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and proportional relationship between elements according to the information reflected on the map, paying special attention to the peaks and valleys appearing in the coordinate map, paying attention to analyzing the correlation between these changes and related geographical elements and geographical things, and making relevant knowledge links for the interpretation of the topic.

4. Regional positioning multiple-choice questions

[Question Characteristics] By giving a latitude and longitude map, an outline map or a landscape map of a region, students are required to locate the region according to the information in the map, and then investigate the relevant geographical knowledge in the region with the region as the background. This kind of topic requires high regional positioning ability, and after successful positioning, students must quickly analyze and summarize the characteristics of various elements in the region according to the meaning of the topic, and draw conclusions by comparing them among regions, so it is a difficult topic.

[Coping Strategies] When reviewing, we should be deeply impressed by the areas where the important meridians and latitudes pass on the earth's surface, understand the approximate latitude and longitude ranges of important areas and geographical things, and be familiar with the relative positions of geographical things, the outlines, typical landforms, landscapes and other characteristics of each area. When encountering such problems, firstly, the approximate latitude position and land-sea position are determined according to the latitude and longitude, and then the specific position is determined by combining the typical features in the drawings or the relevant information in the materials.

5. Geocomputing multiple-choice questions

[Question characteristics] The geographical calculation of the college entrance examination is the most basic principle and concept, and it is necessary to master the basic calculation methods skillfully. However, because such questions are often presented in the form of charts or materials, it is difficult to extract relevant information from charts or materials and then calculate them.

[Coping Strategies] Common geographic calculations can be summarized as follows:

Calculation type

Principle of correlation calculation

Calculation of scale

Scale = distance on the map/actual distance (conversion between the three)

Distance calculation in latitude and longitude network

Meridian: 1 1 1 km/degree;

Latitude: 1 1 1 cosφ km/degree (φ is latitude).

Calculation of altitude and relative height

Calculation of relative height of any two points on contour map: (n- 1) d ≤ h

Calculation of Time Zone, Time Zone and Local Time

The number of time zones in a place = the longitude of the place/15, and the quotient is rounded to the nearest integer;

Every longitude 15, local time difference 1 hour; Several time zones are separated by several hours;

Required local (regional) time = time difference of known local (regional) time (East plus West minus)

Calculation of noon sun height

H = 90 latitude difference (same minus but different plus);

Calculation of solar water heater placement angle and building spacing

Calculate the length of day and night and the time of sunrise and sunset.

The day length of a place = the number of radians in the latitude circle where the place is located/15;

Sunrise time = 12 day length/2; Sunset time = 12+ day length /2

Temperature calculation

According to the vertical drop rate of troposphere temperature, the temperature drops by 0.6℃ for every 100 m height rise.

Calculation of natural population growth rate

Birth rate = newborn population/total population; Mortality rate = dead population/total population;

Natural growth rate = birth rate-mortality rate

Calculation of population density

Population density = total population/total area of a place

Calculation of urbanization level

Urbanization rate = urban population/total population of the region

6. Material analysis multiple choice questions

[Question characteristics] There are many ways to present the materials of the topic, such as text narration, combination of pictures and texts, tables, charts, tables and texts, charts and texts, etc. As a stem, students are required to extract useful information from the material as the basis for answering related questions, or to analyze, reason and explain some phenomena in the material. It puts forward higher requirements for students' ability to read and understand materials, obtain information and flexibly use geographical knowledge to solve practical problems, which is a comprehensive topic.

[Coping Strategies] To solve the multiple-choice questions of materials, we should start from two aspects: First, pay attention to observing and reading drawings, tables and materials, and fully grasp the names of drawings, tables and materials. Understanding the distribution of the most important geographical elements and the relationship between geographical elements, and comprehensively grasping the qualitative description of materials in charts are the basis of observation and analysis. Secondly, we should re-read the materials in combination with the questions. This will enable us to have a more specific direction, a clearer purpose and a more targeted analysis when reading the materials again. In the process of reading materials, we should pay attention to screening useful information, removing interference information and useless information, especially paying attention to the "eye of the problem" in materials, that is, keywords, words, data and so on. These are the key links in doing the problem. In addition, we should also pay attention to the connections and differences between the elements in the material, and accurately understand the content expressed in the material, so as to avoid ambiguity on the feeling when doing the problem again.

7. Classified multiple-choice questions

[Question characteristics] Ordered multiple-choice questions generally require that geographical things or phenomena be sorted according to time or spatial distribution. Therefore, students are required to understand the temporal and spatial distribution law of geographical things or geographical phenomena first, and then sort them according to the requirements of the stem.

[Coping Strategies] When answering this kind of multiple-choice questions, we must grasp the key words to find out the geographical things or phenomena to be arranged, and then infer their positional relationship by combining the latitude and longitude, the position of land and sea, and the relative position of countries, provinces, railways and rivers, and then sort them according to the distribution law of geographical things and phenomena. In several options, as long as the order of two or three things or phenomena is determined, the correct option can be obtained. Therefore, when sorting, the most familiar and confident content should be sorted first, and then excluded one by one, so as to ensure the correctness of the answer.

8. Comprehensive (combined) multiple-choice questions

[Question characteristics] This kind of topic gives multiple options. The first-level option is both wrong and right. Several of the first-level options are combined to form the second-level option, which is the option that candidates need to choose. To some extent, this kind of topic has replaced the multiple-choice questions that have been cancelled in the college entrance examination, which requires extremely high accuracy in the analysis and judgment of candidates, so the failure rate of this kind of multiple-choice questions in the college entrance examination is also very high.

[Coping Strategies] There are many ways to answer multiple-choice questions, among which the exclusion method is commonly used and the effect is good. In other words, first find the wrong questions in multiple options, then eliminate the wrong questions from multiple-choice questions, thus narrowing the scope of choice, then analyze, compare and judge different viewpoints, find out the most suitable option, and then make a choice. This kind of topic has wide knowledge coverage and strong knowledge connection, which requires students to have solid basic knowledge. On this basis, it is very difficult to understand the connection and difference between knowledge and the generation process of geographical things and principles. Therefore, we should review carefully and deepen our understanding of knowledge.

9. Other types of multiple-choice questions

In addition to the above-mentioned types of multiple-choice questions, there are other types of multiple-choice questions, such as geological profile, relationship diagram, schematic diagram and so on. As long as the relationship between the elements is clear, it is not too difficult to answer such questions. Limited to space, I won't list them one by one.

It should be noted that the above is a high summary of the common questions in the college entrance examination in recent years. College entrance examination is a comprehensive examination of students' knowledge structure and ability. In terms of examination questions, the above-mentioned multiple-choice questions are often comprehensive in form or content, with extensive materials and flexible examination forms. In the review process, students should not pay too much attention to the "shape" of the topic, but should grasp the "soul" of the topic, see the deeper content through the topic, grasp the main line and follow the trail.