Lecture Notes on Introduction to Design-Chapter 2 Section 2 0 1

(A) the relationship between design and scientific and technological progress (the relationship between technology and design)

The meaning of science and technology: science and technology refers to the whole system composed of material means, knowledge, experience and skills created by human beings in the process of using, controlling and transforming nature according to the laws of nature and society to be determined. In the design process, technology is embodied in three aspects: production technology, product technology and operation technology.

Design is always influenced by the development of production technology. Technology, including tools and machines used in production and knowledge of their development stages, is the main component of productivity. Design is the creation of designers under the profound influence of consciousness and imagination, relying on useful and realistic materials and tools and benefiting from the scientific and technological civilization at that time. Technology has formed an environment around designers. No matter which era, design and art are rooted in the social life at that time, and the materials used by designers have also changed due to various changes in environmental conditions. With the change of technology, materials and tools, technology has a direct impact on design creation.

(2) The historical evolution of design and technology (briefly describe the influence of scientific and technological progress on design, or: Why does the birth of a new material often have a major impact on design? )

Design is always influenced by the development of production technology. With the change of technology, materials and tools, technology has a direct impact on design creation. The vigorous development of design after the industrial revolution makes us inevitably think about the profound relationship between design and science and technology.

(1) First, the division of labor between design and manufacturing. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, architects were separated from the "building trade union" for the first time to carry out intellectual activities at the architectural level. With the rapid development of division of labor, design is separated from manufacturing industry and becomes an independent design specialty. Machine production has also led to the emergence of standardized and integrated products, and various high-quality steels and metals have been applied to the design.

(2) The industrial revolution based on science and technology led to the emergence of various design trends in the early 20th century, and also opened up broad prospects for the development of design. The progress of science and technology will inevitably create corresponding machines and tools, and then with these tools and machines, people's lifestyles will be constantly changed. For example, the invention of Ford production line; The invention of Siemens elevator, etc.

Advertising design began to flood in the 1920s, and CI design gained special significance.

(3) The birth of a new material will often have a great impact on the design, such as steel rolling, light metal, chromium plating, plastic, plywood, laminated building blocks and so on. There is no doubt that plastic is the most influential material for design in the 20th century. This composite artificial material is easy to form and demould, with low cost and rapid application in design. Plastics established its industrial status in the 1920s, and was endowed with social significance by industrial designers, becoming a "democratic material". We can see that the appearance of new materials urges designers to explore new forms. They are favored by industrial designers and used in various products, which are more suitable for the personalization of design and the flexible use of product symbols.

(4) The machines related to replication and replication technology were born one after another, which expanded the field of visual communication. 1839, the invention of photographic technology and photographic printing rapidly expanded the visual expression and opened the first page of modern visual communication history. 1930 The invention of photographic copperplate technology has made photography occupy a certain position in advertising design and become the basis of today's photographic design. 1895 the great invention of Lumiere brothers-film was produced on the basis of photography. The appearance of movies led to the birth of another media-television. In 1930s, due to the use of various new media such as radio and television, as well as a large number of information needs, the advertising industry developed rapidly. With the continuous innovation of visual communication technology, audio-visual perception, such as the combination of projection, electronic music and slide show, the image formed by light board, the visualization of sound and the visual communication of laser, has greatly enriched the expression of visual design and greatly expanded and deepened the field of visual communication.

(5) Emerging information technology has caused epoch-making changes in design, production and design patterns. If the modernist design movement is a response to the industrial revolution, then post-modern design is a response to information technology.

(1) Information technology is based on microelectronics. First of all, it benefited from the invention of transistors in the late 1940s, which made it possible to miniaturize electronic devices, thus paving the way for automated small-batch production and computers that played a key role in information processing. Small batch production makes it possible to diversify the design. The design in the post-industrial era inputs the categories and styles of consumers' life into the production process, and its technical requirements are more intelligent and flexible to adapt to the cultural background of different consumers, and gradually consider the social conditions of producing products.

② In various forms of design and production, the help of computers is more obvious. With the popularity of computers in 1980s, CAD software has become a common tool for designers. Computer enables graphic designers to freely "borrow" countless image materials, both as editors and designers, and design humanized products.

③ Software technology not only changed the design process, but also changed the design concept. With the help of computer, designers can directly know the effect of their own design, so the design has obtained some characteristics of traditional handicraft production, namely, emphasizing the usability of products, the convenience of operation, the flexibility of functions and the adaptability to the special requirements of users. Due to the high development of computer technology, the traditional design concept has expanded from the tangible material field to the untouchable program field.

(3) Discuss the relationship between design and science and technology.

First of all, design and technology are interactive: the development of technology provides new means for design, and the development of technology provides new materials for design; The development of science and technology provides designers with new topics; Design is also an important part of the development of science and technology, and design can serve science and technology.

Secondly, design is the carrier of technology commercialization. Science and technology in material form can only be transformed into huge social wealth if it is accepted and consumed by society. Science and technology express themselves to the society through design, and make the new technology "possible" become a reality.

Third, in essence, design is the product of the unity of science and technology and art, and the similarity between science and art and technology is human creativity. In the process of exploring the nature of the world, scientists and artists aim to reveal the hidden contradictions, structural harmony and order in the objective and subjective world. The combination, association and communication of these goals are the internal basis for the mutual influence, complementarity and intersection between science and art. In ancient Chinese, skill and art combined to be "skill". In Greek vocabulary, the meaning of the word art is almost equal to skill.

So art and technology are homologous. The perfect combination of technology and art in handicraft industry era has created the brilliance of traditional craft, which is a historical form of the combination of science and art. The development of modern design promoted by industrial revolution is the progress of modern production technology and methods. Every major breakthrough in the history of design is the result of boldly adopting modern technology. Therefore, the development of design needs science and technology as the guide, and science and technology also need to be displayed by design as the carrier. What is certain is that the deeper the influence of science and technology on our lives, the more obvious the aesthetic orientation based on science and technology will be.