A love story about time distortion caused by black holes

A love story about time distortion caused by black holes

"Black Holes and Time Warping" by Kip S. Thorne [American] (Hunan Science and Technology Press 2007.4) No. 11 Page (Chapter 1 Prologue: A Journey into a Black Hole) says: “The immense gravity of a black hole completely distorts the geometry of space and time in and near the black hole, just as a heavy stone placed on a piece of oak distorts the geometry of the piece. "

Page 12 also says: "Space can be extremely curled near the singularity, so that the chaotic region may have a radius of millions of kilometers with a circumference of less than 1 centimeter, just like The heavy stones hit the chaotic tip far away, but the circumference of the area is short."

Page 82 (Chapter 2: The Curl of Space and Time) says: " The gravitational time dilation near a black hole is huge. If the hole weighs 10 suns, then the time flow at a distance of 1 centimeter from the black hole event horizon will be 6 million times slower than the time flow far away from the event horizon, while the time flow just above the event horizon will be 6 million times slower. The flow of time has completely stopped."

Is this really the case? I do not believe that the discussion on time and space (Dan Lun Thought) in "Dan Lun: Methodological Thinking and View of Space and Time" (2008, Chengdu Tiandi Publishing House, written by Liu Bangyin) denies this relativistic thought. The following is a refutation of the above three arguments one by one.

We agree with what is now unanimously confirmed by research: a black hole is a non-luminous, small but infinitely gravitational star in space; it is formed by the collapse of a star after its death, and finally dies by its own explosion; During its existence, a black hole continuously attracts and enters all matter in space that enters its gravitational range. The outer boundary of a black hole's gravitational range is called the event horizon.

Rebuttal 1: "The huge gravity of a black hole completely distorts the geometry of space and time in and near the black hole, just as a heavy stone placed on a piece of rubber distorts the geometry of the piece."< /p>

The point of view of "Dan Lun" is: No matter how strong the gravity of the black hole is, the space and time inside and near the black hole will not be affected, and only the black hole material will be changed.

As a kind of star, a black hole has its own objective existence space, that is, the space range in which the black hole acts, including physical space, direct space and influence space. Since a black hole only absorbs surrounding matter and does not emit matter during its existence, the black hole does not affect space. Here, the direct space is the space range where the black hole's gravity acts. The outer boundary of this space range is the event horizon. The inside of the event horizon is affected by the black hole's gravity, and the outside of the event horizon is not affected by the black hole's gravity.

If a planet accidentally enters the event horizon of a black hole and is affected by the black hole's absorption state - the black hole's gravity attracts the planet to itself, and eventually becomes a part of the black hole star. In this process: the speed of the planet approaching the black hole is from slow to fast, until it reaches a limit of infinite speed; the material of the planet is melted by the black hole, and the internal structure is reorganized, becoming the source of material for the black hole. This process only changes the material of the planet infinitely fast, but does not change the space and time inside and near the black hole. See the picture below:

In the picture above, the horizontal axis is the flow of time, which flows evenly at all times, corresponding to the evolution of the space scene. A space scene determines a time scale, as shown in the figure of 9 moments. Infinitely small moments are divided according to the tiny evolution process of the space scene. The intervals between time points are equal, consistent with the evolution state of the space scene. The vertical axis represents the spatial range (0 y) where the black hole and the planet are located.

Under the gravity of the black hole, the planet approaches the black hole at an increasing speed until it is completely absorbed by the black hole. In the above figure, the vertex of the vertical dotted line represents the spatial position of the planet, and the length represents the speed of the planet. It is continuously accelerating starting from 2 on the time scale, that is, the instantaneous speed is continuously increasing. This is because within the direct spatial range of the black hole, the closer to the black hole surface, the greater the gravitational pull. The length of the vertical dotted line also indicates the increase in the spatial distance that the planet moves at an instant.

During this process, the space of the planet was disintegrated: the physical space of the planet (bounded by the surface of the star) began to deform, be torn apart, and even matter decomposed and crashed into the black hole; the direct space of the planet (the absorption state of the star) , the spatial range where the antistate acts) also begins to change, with the direct spatial extension drawing toward one side of the black hole, while the surface continues to shrink toward the back. This process has the following characteristics:

(1) The space area where the planet and black hole are located does not change. In the picture above, the planet begins to be attracted by the black hole from time 2, and the spatial direction (space trajectory) shifts from its original direction and turns towards the black hole; by time 6, the planet is absorbed by the black hole. During this time process - that is, the black hole absorbs the planet. The entire time process - all of this fusion (event) is within the space range (0 y), that is, the interior of the black hole is also within (0 y).

(2) As the planet approaches the black hole, the material structure of the planet changes, breaking the original material structure of the planet until it merges into the black hole and becomes an infinite density of material particles. But they are all within the range of (0 y), and the quantity of (0 y) does not change.

(3) As it continues to approach the black hole, the planet's physical space, direct space, and influence space continue to change. It begins to deform from its original form, then disintegrates until it disappears. It is as if a heavy stone placed on a piece of rubber distorts the geometry of the piece.

(4) The speed of black holes absorbing planets is getting faster and faster, but the time scale they are in has not changed. It still continues from 2 on its own scale of time, scene by scene. That is, in the process of the black hole attracting the planet, the effect of the gravity inside the black hole on the planet has nothing to do with time.

(5) Judging from the fusion events inside and outside the black hole, it is reflected in the continuous evolution of adjacent spatial cross-section scenes, and the image deformation of the cross-sectional scene is greater. Just like photography, the shooting is fixed at 50 frames per second. If the movement is slow and the gestures of the hands and feet are small, the image will not change much between adjacent photography frames; if the movement is fast and the gestures of the hands and feet are large, the images in the adjacent photography frames will not change much. The image changes greatly.

(5) Whether inside the black hole, in the nearby space, inside or outside the black hole event horizon, or in the entire process of the black hole absorbing the planet, there is a "matter evolution process" - —The process of extending different spatial scene sections. The thinner the spatial section of the "process of material evolution" is, the smaller the corresponding time scale is, but the length of this time extension remains unchanged. That is, events inside and outside the black hole do not change the continuity of time. Therefore, any fusion event of a black hole will not change the amount of space and time flow it is in.

Rebuttal 2: "Space can be extremely curled near the singularity. In this way, the chaotic region may have a radius of millions of kilometers with a circumference of less than 1 centimeter, just like heavy stones twisting rubber pieces. The tip of chaos is far away, but the circumference of the region is short."

The point of view of "Dan Lun" is that space is near the singularity inside the black hole, and the density of matter is extremely high. , but this has nothing to do with space.

As shown in the picture above, for example, the diameter of the planet is 400 kilometers. After being absorbed by the black hole, the material structure changes; the density of the material becomes greater until it merges into the black hole, forming the density of the black hole star. The phenomena manifested are:

(1) The original physical space of the planet was 400 kilometers, which was due to the lack of strong suction fusion; the physical space became smaller because of its own internal fusion. or external melting, the latter such as the absorbing melting of a black hole. Judging from two situations, one is that the planet does not have the absorption and fusion effect of the black hole, and the density increases due to the fusion event within the planet itself, so the physical space of the planet may change from 400 to 200 or less. The second is that the planet is attracted by the strong gravity of the black hole, causing the material structure of the planet to change due to external effects, causing the physical space of the planet to change from 400 to 200 or less.

(2) In the process of the black hole absorbing the planet (2 6), the speed of the star approaching the black hole continues to accelerate until it reaches the limit of infinite speed. During this process, the planet's space behaves like "a heavy stone hitting the chaotic tip of an oak piece far away, while the circumference of the area is short." However, it has nothing to do with space.

(3) During the process of the planet accelerating towards the black hole, it is manifested in the space cross-section that the image of the planet is constantly getting smaller or decomposed.

(4) In a black hole, the reduction in material density only causes a change in the physical extension of the material body, but this change does not change the spatial quantity. That is to say, "near the singularity", the changes in the black hole's gravity and material density are only events within the black hole's material body. Even if it causes changes in the black hole's physical space, it does not change the amount of space. In the time process (2 6), any fusion events such as the gravity of the black hole and the merger of planets will not change the space (0 y).

Rebuttal 3: "The gravitational time dilation near a black hole is huge. If the hole weighs 10 suns, then the time flow at a height of 1 cm from the black hole event horizon will be slower than the time flow far away from the event horizon. 6 million times, while the time flow just above the event horizon completely stops."

The point of view of "Dan Lun" is that no matter how big the black hole is, or near the black hole or the event horizon, it has nothing to do with the time flow. . Gravity does not change time.

In the above picture, the black hole is at the center, the dotted circle is the range of the black hole's gravity, and the dotted line edge is the event horizon. The arrow is composed of two parts. The solid line located inside the dotted circle indicates that the gravity of the black hole continues to increase from the outside inward. The dotted line part of the arrow located outside the dotted circle indicates that it is outside the horizon of the Black Hole Lake and has no black hole gravity.

(1) Gravity has nothing to do with space and time, and is a basic attribute of matter. In the picture above, as you continue to approach the black hole from outside the event horizon to within the event horizon, until you reach the surface of the black hole, the gravitational force continues to strengthen, but it does not cause changes in space. No matter how the black hole's gravity changes, the black hole is still in space (0 y) and does not change the amount of space (0 y).

(2) Any matter is on the horizon of a black hole. Matter is still matter. It is on the horizon of a black hole in space (0 y). The evolution of any material fusion will form a space cross-section scene, which is formed by a time. Scale correspondence. That is, whether it is on the horizon or inside or outside the horizon, it has nothing to do with the flow of time. Time continues naturally according to its own inherent attributes.

(3) If the planet passes through the event horizon and hits the black hole, if it causes the time flow to change (expansion or contraction), there will be no subsequent melting events. Suppose that when the planet hits the black hole, it reaches the event horizon. At this time, the time flow stops. The stop of the time flow means that the space cross-section scene is fixed and remains unchanged - the process of the fusion event stops, then the movement of the planet stops here. ——The planet will not collide with the black hole.

In other words, the gravitational horizon can change the process of melting events. In fact, in the spatial region of the horizon, there is no ability to "stop the process of melting events." This is a contradiction, which in turn shows that the position of the planet relative to the black hole has nothing to do with time, and only causes changes in the space scene.

In short, the above-mentioned problems with Kip S. Thorne’s three time expansion theories lie in confusing the objective existence of space with the concept of space; and confusing the three substances of gravity, movement, and speed. The characteristics or phenomena of fusion are confused with the fusion itself between substances.

Objective existence refers to substances or events. Objective existence of space refers to the inherent nature, basic characteristics, subsidiary characteristics and manifestations of any substance or event. The outer edge of the space touched by its material entities, characteristics and phenomena The inner space constitutes the objective existence. Fusion is the entire correlation between substances or events, including attraction (the inherent property of attraction is gravity), movement, speed and other characteristics and phenomena.