The classification of spatial sense (perspective) is one of the important tasks (points) of picture modeling.

Linear perspective, spatial perspective, scattered perspective, multi-point perspective

Straight perspective view

Linear perspective is what people usually call "perspective", and its definition is "displaying three-dimensional objects on a plane by geometric methods". Linear perspective, also known as line perspective, is a technique to express the depth of screen space with lines.

In real life, people have accumulated a lot of experience about linear perspective and perspective law:

The image size varies with the distance between the scene and the shooting point. The image of the object near the shooting point is bigger, and the closer it is, the bigger it is. The image of the object far from the shooting point is small, and the farther it is, the smaller it is.

Lines or parallel lines formed by the regular arrangement of objects tend to converge towards the middle, the farther away they are, the more concentrated they are, and finally disappear into the sky.

Apply to screen:

The stronger the contrast of scene size, the greater the disparity, the sharper the line contraction and the stronger the sense of space;

The scene size contrast is not obvious, the line contraction is moderate, and the sense of space is weak.

Spatial perspective

Spatial perspective, like linear perspective, is a traditional concept to express depth, which is mainly a perspective phenomenon related to atmosphere and spatial media.

The laws of spatial perspective include:

The hue of the object changes with the distance from the shooting point. Near things are dark and deep, far things are light and shallow.

The color of the object changes with the distance from the shooting point. The color saturation in the vicinity is high and the brightness is high, while the color saturation in the distance is poor and tends to be cool.

The contrast between light and shade of objects has also changed. The contrast between light and shade of nearby objects is strong and obvious, while that of distant objects is weak.

The clarity of the object, the clarity of the near object is high, and the clarity of the far object is poor and fuzzy. This is the truth that "there are no stones in the distant mountains, no eyes in the distant people, and no waves in the distant water".

Factors affecting spatial perspective:

Media in the air, such as rain, fog, dust, steam, smoke, etc. , often enhance the spatial perspective of the picture;

Light will also affect spatial perspective, and backlight and side backlight are the basic conditions for obtaining spatial perspective. In the morning and evening of a day, the incident angle of light is low, and the best perspective effect can be obtained;

Use the foreground to enhance the sense of perspective, choose a darker scene, make its composition contrast with the brightness and size of things in the background, and enrich the tone level;

Multi-layer scenery can make the space perspective obvious, with rhythmic beauty and charm;

Controlling the depth of field and choosing the focus to make the contrast between reality and reality is also an important method to express aerial perspective;

Effective use of filters can enhance or weaken the sense of spatial perspective.

Arrogant views

According to the composition criteria of ancient painters in China and Japan, the painter's observation point is not fixed in one place, nor is it limited by a fixed horizon, but he moves his foothold as needed to observe what he sees from different viewpoints. You can organize your own pictures. This perspective method is called "scatter perspective method" and "moving viewpoint method".

Overprint method

That is, all kinds of scenes shot in different places are superimposed on the same picture, and it is not necessary to consider whether the combined picture conforms to linear perspective when superimposing.

Sticking method

When shooting, consciously connect a certain scene, including panoramic view, middle view and local view, and then select appropriate fragments from them and paste them to create a super-long or super-wide picture to accommodate more things.

Multipoint perspective

Multi-point perspective is the opposite of linear perspective. Photographers often use mirror reflection or overprint technology to deliberately destroy the unity of spatial illusion of linear perspective, combine images observed from several viewpoints into a picture, and bring complex aesthetic concepts into the picture.

Some photographers simply broke the shackles of the picture frame and used triple or quadruple photos to compose the picture, juxtaposing people and scenery in several spaces, and several mixed pictures interacted with each other to construct a new space.

It involves several kinds of perspective in art:

Single-point perspective, the vanishing point is a point, which makes it easy to feel the dimension or depth. As far as photography is concerned, most of them can get similar perspective composition from the front space, which is easy to show symmetry. Because of the simplicity of elimination, it is easy to focus on elimination.

Two-point perspective, there are two vanishing points, one left and one right. In terms of photography, it is very similar to the shooting effect of PU mirror, that is, the vanishing correction mirror corrects the vertical vanishing point to make the picture look wide.

three-point perspective

Eliminate * * * three points, left and right. Just like people, there are almost no parallel lines in the relationship between viewpoint and vanishing point, especially in the vertical direction. However, due to too much information in the picture, it is difficult to lock the information in the building, so it is rare in architectural drawing.

Multi-perspective

The so-called viewpoint is the position where people stand and the height of their eyes.