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N 17 century British scientist Newton (1642- 1727) founded mechanics. Newton himself, as the father of mechanics, is one of the few scientists who have made epoch-making contributions to human civilization in the history of the world.

Before Newton, it was generally believed that objects in the sky and objects on the ground had different laws of motion, one moving in a circle and the other in a straight line. But Newton proved that no matter what objects in the sky or on the ground, they must follow the laws of inertia, particle motion and action and reaction, which is the so-called "Newton's three laws" movement. He also clearly pointed out that it is the attraction between celestial bodies that drives the planets to move around the sun. Newton also first put forward the idea of launching artificial satellites, and he and Leibniz invented calculus at the same time.

Newton also found that white light is actually a mixture of seven different colors of light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. But he always said modestly that my achievement is the result of standing on the shoulders of giants.

Darwin, the founder of biological evolution

N British scientist Darwin (1809- 1882) put forward the theory of biological evolution. Darwin loved nature since childhood and liked to collect animal and plant specimens. He carefully compared various animals and plants and found that all species evolved from a common ancestor. After years of research, an epoch-making scientific masterpiece The Origin of Species was published in 1859. He proved the evolutionary thought of "natural selection, survival of the fittest" with a large number of facts. In memory of the founder of this discipline, people call evolution "Darwinism".

Step 2 be eclipsed

Every time the moon moves between the earth and the sun and the three celestial bodies are connected in a line, a solar eclipse will occur. The moon blocks the sunlight, causing a shadow on the earth, which makes some areas unable to receive part or all of the sunlight. As for how small the sun is covered by the observer, it depends on their position relative to the shadow of the moon. If observers are in the penumbra, they will see a partial solar eclipse, while people in the umbra will see a total solar eclipse.

3, the history of the telegraph:

Now that we have telephones and computer networks, telegrams are seldom used. Maybe the children don't know. But this is a very big invention at the end of 18. 1793, the Chape brothers in France set up a 230-kilometer-long support line between Paris and Lille to relay information. This is a communication system consisting of 16 signal towers. The signalman controls the different angles of the bracket through the rope and pulley at the bottom to express relevant information. At that time, France and Austria were at war, and it took only one hour for the signal system to transmit the news of Dai Shengli-on-Aceh from the Austrian army to Paris. Later, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Russia also established this communication system. It is said that one of Chapei's two brothers was the first person to use the word "telegram".