Review Outline of Chinese and Foreign Art and Design History

1. The concept of design (small problem): A. Design in a broad sense: Design can be used as both a verb and a noun. "Design", when used as a verb, means making methods, drawings, etc. Before doing a job formally, advance according to certain purposes and requirements. As a noun, "design" refers to a concrete scheme or plan, which can be expressed as a sketch, a description or a final work. B "Design" in a narrow sense: "Design" refers to the professional work of design in a narrow sense, such as "architectural design", "graphic design", "industrial design", "clothing design" and "advertising design", which pays more attention to visual effects and is closely related to art and aesthetics, but it is different from pure artistic creation. Compared with other broad-sense "design", narrow-sense "design" must have a characteristic, that is, it meets people's material and spiritual needs at the same time.

2. Classification of design: A, architectural design B, industrial design C, graphic design D, advertising design E, fashion design F, textile design G, film and television H and other professional technologies related to design, such as photography and illustration.

3. The development of design can be divided into several stages. What are the characteristics of each stage of design? First, the characteristics of the embryonic stage of design: the embryonic stage of design is from Paleolithic to Neolithic. The main feature is to use natural materials such as stones, plants and animal bones for production, and the designed manufacturing tools are a survival activity that everyone must master. Second, the handicraft design stage. Features: a, the emergence of craftsmen and the corresponding handicraft production methods. B, make a variety of unique handicraft design styles. Third, the biggest advantage of modern design in the modern design stage is that it can reduce costs through mechanized large-scale survival, so that people can improve and improve their living standards at reasonable prices.

4. Appearance design features of Ming furniture: simple, thick, refined and elegant.

5. Differences between ancient ceramics: A, different raw materials for firing B, different firing temperatures C, loose texture of pottery with certain water absorption D, different knocking sound E and different glossiness.

6. China's porcelain-making technology was mature in the Tang Dynasty, and various porcelains such as celadon, white porcelain, floral glaze and tricolor appeared.

7. Five famous kilns in Song Dynasty: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Jun kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln.

8. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingdezhen became the largest porcelain making center in China, known as the "porcelain capital".

9. Gourmet pattern: it is the main pattern of bronzes before the Shang Dynasty and the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, also known as animal face pattern, and is mostly decorated in the prominent parts of bronzes. The common form is to form an image with an animal face, a pair of big eyes, a nose and two horns, and the research is the most prominent; There are also two opposite Kuiwen, and occasionally there are some animals whose faces are specific, like cow's head, tiger's head or sheep's head, but they are not mainstream.

10. The single building in ancient China consists of three parts, namely terrace, roof and roof.

1 1. The design features of China Shang and Zhou bronzes are gorgeous, exaggerated and rigid.

12, baroque style: a large number of circles and arcs are used, emphasizing exaggeration, boldness and movement, with bright and full colors and twisted lines. The interior decoration uses a lot of carvings and murals to increase the depth of the space, and uses gold and blue to create brilliant effects.

13, rococo style: decorated with delicate patterns such as flowers, shells and eddies. The colors are mostly light and elegant tones, such as light green, rose red, pink and gold. Furniture products are smooth curves, often using asymmetric technology, complicated carving, gold-plated surface or velvet-covered fabric. The style is light and slender, and the legs of furniture are called tapering. And it is often bent into the shape of "C" or "S". The purpose is to match the dress of noble ladies who often attended court banquets at that time.

14, ancient Egyptian painting uses a specific way to express the image and posture of characters, which is called the Dharma.

15, baroque style, rococo style, are all decorative effects that pursue luxury.

16, 185 1 year, Joseph Paxton held the first art and industry exposition in Hyde Park, London, England.

17, the spiritual leader of British arts and crafts movement is john ruskin. The leader of the movement: william morris.

18, Spanish Art Nouveau Architecture: Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi called these buildings "organic forms".

19 and Antoni Gaudi's representative designs include Curie Park, Bartolo Apartment and Sagrada Familia Cathedral.

20. The influence of the invention of photography on graphic design includes: expanding the field of printing technology. Photograph is an important visual element, which improves the effect of visual communication and promotes the emergence of graphic design.

2 1, 185 1 year, the World Art and Industry Expo was held in London, England, also known as the "Crystal Palace" Expo.

22. The advantage of lithograph color printing is that it can print color images with exquisite effect.

The popular styles in Europe and America in the 23rd century and19th century include neoclassicism, Victorian style and eclecticism.

24. The progressive significance of British arts and crafts movement is mainly reflected in: creating a simple and natural design style. Put forward the combination of art and technology to enhance the social status of design. The defect is that we can't correctly understand the advanced nature and importance of mechanization.

Art Nouveau originated in France and later spread to most countries in Europe and America.

26. The biggest feature of the Art Nouveau movement style is the use of curves.

27. The representative of modernism: Charles Rennie Magintosh.

28. The Chicago School put forward the design principle of "form obeys function".

29. There is an important representative of the Chicago School of Architecture: louis sullivan.

30. The design of Peter Baehrens has become the first complete set of modern corporate image design in the world.

3 1. In the design room opened by Peter Bachrens, three modern famous architects, Walter Gropes, Mies van de Rohe and Le Corbusier, have been trained successively.

32. Art Deco Movement: Art Deco Movement is a design movement that started in France in the 20th century and didn't end until the outbreak of World War II. Style and characteristics of decorative sports: I like to use repeated straight lines and geometric shapes as the main decorative techniques, and zigzag, lightning and sun-shaped radial decorations are the most common. In terms of color, I prefer bright color, metal box and metal color. The design of decorative sports style is mostly through handicrafts in actual production, and the cost is relatively expensive. Novel shapes and shiny metal effects are especially suitable for the tastes of the middle and upper class rich, so the decorative art style is very popular in the upper class.

33. American architect frank wright is an important founder of modern architecture. He put forward the "organic architecture" theory, which holds that architecture should be organically combined with the natural environment.

34. Description of decorative sports style: A. I like to use straight lines and geometric shapes. Use twisted and irregular lines. C, the use of metal materials and strong color effect.

35. What is the significance of the Art Deco movement in the history of design? Time of Art Deco Movement: Art Deco Movement was a design movement that started in France in the 20th century and didn't end until the outbreak of World War II.

The Art Deco movement has a unique style and a wide influence, almost all over the world, and has set off an international trend in the field of design. The appearance of the Art Deco movement finally freed European and American designs from the influence of classical style and realism. Because of its convenient form and strong visual effect, the decorative style characterized by geometric forms and metal materials has spread rapidly all over the world, and buildings influenced by this decorative art style can be found as far away as China. Therefore, the greatest contribution of the Art Deco movement is that it brings the aesthetic views of modern art and machine aesthetics into daily life, making people begin to accept the abstract beauty of geometric forms and enjoy the fruits of mechanical production. Although the design of decorative art style is mainly based on luxurious decorative effects, people's treatment of geometric forms and research and improvement of materials and techniques in the design process have provided many valuable examples for later designers, which are still worth learning and understanding by contemporary designers.

In the later period of the Art Deco movement, designers had great differences in design, and some people insisted on the route of luxury decoration. Another small number of people, such as le corbusier, turned to the design route of pure industrialization and functionalism, and with their efforts, they will eventually form a modernist design concept. From this point of view, the Art Deco movement is also one of the important factors to promote the formation of modernist design.

1, red and blue chairs, Utrecht residence-designed by Park Jung Su Wilde.

2. Constructivism of Russian Vladimin Tatlin.

3. The main principles of modernist architectural design: pay attention to architectural function, pay attention to science, pay attention to convenience, comfort and efficiency; Pay attention to the application of new building materials and emphasize that the characteristics of materials are suitable for the characteristics of building structures; Facing the general public, highlighting economic principles and achieving maximum perfection with the lowest expenditure; Oppose the purpose, content and form of decorating a unified building; The consideration of architectural space is the most important, and the best design function effect should be achieved through the study of architectural model; The foundation of architectural design is logic and science.

4. Discussion 1: What are the advantages of modernist design? From today's perspective, what are its limitations?

The basic characteristics of modernist design: first, design democratic thought; Second, the design conforms to the technical conditions of mechanical production in the early 20th century; Third, concise and abstract design form.

5. Bauhaus is the first school in the world that was established entirely for the development of design education, and its founder was Walter Gropes.

6. de stijl in the Netherlands, Constructivism in Russia and Bauhaus College in Germany are the three most important design movements formed by modernist design.

7. Theo Van Dusberg is the spiritual leader and main representative of de stijl.

8.de stijl's design principles include: removing the decoration and keeping only the basic geometric monomer; Emphasize the vertical and horizontal structure; Asymmetric balance effect and the use of black and white neutral colors and primary colors.

9. The main representatives of constructivism are Kazmir Malevic, El Lisicki and Vladimin Tatlin.

10, which of the following is not the main representative of Bauhaus? Theo Van Dusberg, Herbert Bayer, Laszlo laszlo moholy nagy and Marcel Brewer are the main representatives.

1 1, the main characteristics of Bauhaus graphic design are: using regular lines, limited colors and geometric figures; Use photos; The theme is distinct, showing the beauty of edges and corners and the machine age.

12, the historical significance of Bauhaus: it laid the structural foundation of modern design education; The established teaching methods of basic courses have been adopted by design schools all over the world. The establishment of studio system teaching provides great enlightenment to design education; Establishing a company and providing design solutions for enterprises has established the connection between schools and business circles, which has effectively promoted the practical process of design and education; In terms of design, it established the basic features of modernist industrial product design, further promoted the development of modernist architecture and graphic design, inherited the characteristics of Dutch de stijl and Russian constructivism, improved modernist design, and pushed the modernist design movement to a climax.

13, the telephone designed by American designer Henry Dreyfus is comfortable, light and stable, and the size can just be sandwiched between the ear and the shoulder.

14, the internationalist architectural style is characterized by prefabrication, reductionism principle and metal glass curtain wall structure.

15. The new feature of post-war industrial design development is the use of new materials such as plastic, glass fiber and plywood. Combined with the principle of ergonomics, the design concept of "purposiveness" is put forward. Take convenience and comfort as the principle.

16, with the development of internationalist architectural style, other main branches of modern architectural design are: rough design, elegance and organic functionalism.

17. Planned abolition system: In the 1920s, Harry Earle, the design director, put forward the "planned abolition system", which became the basic sales strategy of the American automobile industry. It was not until the 1960s that flashy car design was surpassed by light and fuel-efficient Japanese cars. Nevertheless, the "planned abolition system" has become a very important means in American business competition. From the commercial point of view, the "planned abolition system" is indeed an effective means to stimulate consumption, but the upgrading of products produced through this system is not due to technological innovation or natural depreciation, but to artificially shorten the service life of products, which will inevitably cause great waste to social production. Therefore, people later put forward many critical views on the "planned abolition system"

18, Ulm School of Design is the most influential design school in Germany and even the world after the war.

19, the famous German designer luigi colani is a pioneer of bionic design.

20. Italian designers have excellent designs, while Japanese designs are excellent designs.

2 1, the characteristics of Italian design: a, emphasizing artistry. In Italy, design and art are both important parts of culture, and the status of design is the same as that of art. Many Italian products will emphasize its artistic appearance. B, there are many designers with distinctive personalities. Italian enterprises and design circles strongly encourage individual creation and performance. Italian enterprises can give designers free creative space, and also facilitate designers to communicate with other institutions and organizations, which is conducive to innovation and receiving new information; C, popular design and noble design coexist. Although it has undergone modern industrial transformation, Italy has retained many traditional handicraft production technologies and family-style small enterprises. So there are many modern and high-tech designs in Italy, as well as many personalized and small-scale traditional products.

22. Japan's dual-track system of design and development: in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan developed a dual-track system of design and development: maintaining traditional design methods and styles in the fields of clothing, furniture, interior design, handicrafts, etc. to ensure the continuity of traditional crafts and culture; In the field of high-tech manufacturing, the design is carried out according to the needs of modern economic development, and the traditional Japanese aesthetic concept is integrated. In terms of architectural design, the Japanese combine traditional architecture with modern architectural theory to design modern structural buildings with compact space and flexible layout; In product design, miniaturization, multifunction and attention to detail are the characteristics of Japanese design on the basis of practicality and simplicity; In graphic design, the effect of graphic decoration and color matching can be well integrated with the modern layout design of abstract geometry. The success of Japan's dual-track system has something to do with the long-term acceptance of various cultures by Japanese culture. In addition, Japanese designers are good at exploring the parts of traditional design that conform to the modernist design concept, which also gives great help to the development of design.

23. By introducing new design styles every year and quarter, the previous products become backward, thus stimulating consumers to buy the latest generation of products and eliminate the old ones. This common strategy in the American market is called planned abolition.

24. The main representatives of Japanese graphic design are Masayoshi Gaena, Ichimitsu Tanaka, K ichi Sat and Toshi Utsumi Fukuda.

25. The characteristics of Italian design are: A emphasizes artistry; B there are many designers with distinctive personalities; Fashion and noble design coexist.

26. The Warsaw Poster Biennale held in Poland is the earliest poster design award in the world, and it is also recognized as the most artistic international poster exhibition.

Andy warhol, an American artist, created a large number of pop art works with rough screen printing.

Since the late 1960s, due to the development of media, electronic technology and information technology, a new era attached to communication and information technology has emerged, which is called "post-modern society" or "post-industrial society". Post-modern society is greatly influenced by science and technology and is characterized by multi-ethnic integration, consumerism and news media control. "Postmodernism" is a new trend of thought formed under the social background of research, and a new design idea and school produced in the new society and new trend of thought is the design in the post-modernism period. Strictly speaking, post-modern design refers to the new design concepts, especially the new concepts and styles in architecture, produced by western countries in the 1970s and 1980s due to the limitations of modernism and internationalism. However, all new design ideas and schools after 1970s can also be divided into post-modern design.

29. The characteristics of post-modern design: the collection of various design styles and schools; Denying the singleness of internationalist style and affirming the value of popular culture; Advocate diversity, difference, secularity, fuzziness and randomness in design; Design should be able to adapt to different values and cultural backgrounds. With the support of new technology, the development of design also has many different paths. Large-scale production mode with modern materials and technology.

30. The main representative of high-tech style is British architect richard rodgers, who designed the French Pompidou Art and Culture Center.

3 1, Deconstruction: Deconstruction was originally a philosophical vocabulary, which evolved from Russian constructivism, mainly denying the orthodox principles and standards of modernism and internationalism, that is, denying authority and opposing the monopoly control of modernism. The biggest feature of deconstruction architecture is that there is no order, no fixed form, and the structure and form of architecture are fluid. Broken and messy, deconstructionist architects often create in a freewheeling way. Without a predetermined design, it is difficult to make a complete engineering drawing only by sketches and models.

32. The Guggenheim Museum was designed by Frank Gehry.

33. The most striking post-modern design in 1980s came from the Italian design group "Memphis", which was originally composed of eight industrial designers and led by Ettore Sottsass.

34. Philip Stark, the representative figure of minimalist style.

35. Explanation of Minimalist Style Nouns: "Minimalism" originated from the design thought of "less is more" by Mies van der Rohe, and pursued the ultimate simplicity and purity in aesthetics. Designs are usually neat and symmetrical, mainly geometric figures, using the same materials and colors, and emphasizing the use of grid system for layout as an internationalist style. After 1980s, "minimalism" style has more artistic abstract modeling effect. Simple modeling and minimalist design often pay great attention to details, and the redundant and connected parts are rounded, which makes people feel soft and not as mechanically cold as internationalist style. Minimalism also attaches great importance to the material sense and light and shadow effect of design. In order to achieve a better visual effect, we use higher performance materials and more expensive processing methods to make the products look higher in quality. Minimalism has now become one of the most common design styles.

36. The origin and founder of postmodern architectural design is American architect robert venturi.

37. The leader of Sina graphic design movement is Swiss graphic designer Wolfgen Weiyot.

The "pop music movement" originated in the United States.

39. Ettore Sottsass is the main representative of Memphis, a famous Italian post-modern design group.

Title: What do you think the future design will look like? Talk about your vision for future design work. What are some cutting-edge design concepts?

Tip: Modern design concepts include: high-tech design; Green design; Memphis design; Humanized design; Futuristic style design; Neo-modernism design; Emotional design; Intuitive design

This is the key point that the teacher drew for me. Please forgive me if my own summary is wrong. If you summarize the essay questions yourself, you'd better look at the textbook.