War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, where was the first shot fired?

original? Jia zhuwen 22-7-29 18:32:33

? Who and where fired the first shot of the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese war

In September 1937, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army advanced into Lingqiu, Shanxi, and Sha Fei took photos

On September 25, 1937, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army broke the ambush war of the "invincible Japanese imperial army" and won the first victory of the Eighth Route Army against Japan, but Pingxingguan was not the place where the Eighth Route Army fired its first shot in the eight years of anti-Japanese war.

It was not the infantry of the 115th Division who fired the first shot of the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese war, but Fan Changbiao, the avant-garde company commander of the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division, who fought against the Japanese army occupying Daomaguan, and all the officers and men he led.

where is Fan Changbiao, the company commander of the 1st Cavalry Company of the Red Army and the 2nd Company Commander of the 2nd Cavalry Battalion of the 15th Division of the Eighth Route Army, in Yan 'an

? Who is Fan Changbiao? Why did the first shot of the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese war start at Daomaguan, more than 13 miles east of Pingxingguan, led by Fan Changbiao, the avant-garde company commander of the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division? If we know the details, we must start with the formation of the reconnaissance section of the Red Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.

In June p>1934, before the Red Army's Long March, Liu Zhong, head and political commissar of the Fifth Regiment of the Red Army Corps, was transferred to the newly formed Reconnaissance Section of the Red Army Corps as the section chief. When the Reconnaissance Division was established, in addition to deploying excellent reconnaissance and operational staff, an army plainclothes reconnaissance team with more than 3 members was placed under the direct command of the Reconnaissance Division. Fan Changbiao, a native of Changting, Fujian Province, who was born in 1912, joined the Red Army in 193 and experienced five anti-encirclement operations in the Central Soviet Area, was then the vice captain of the plainclothes reconnaissance team of the Red Army Corps.

After the Long March began, Fan Changbiao walked at the forefront of the Red Army's Long March with the reconnaissance unit of the Red Army's First Corps led by Liu Zhong. Fan Changbiao's plainclothes reconnaissance team was the vanguard of the Central Red Army's vanguard troops. They not only disguised themselves as various identities, but also risked their lives to explore the road, spy on the enemy and collect information. They often risked their lives to meet the enemy. Moreover, when the troops faced with dangerous and critical operations, they had to be the backbone of the fighting. When he broke through the Wujiang River in January 1935, Fan Changbiao joined the commandos for his bravery and good water. He dived across the river, fought alone with the commando warriors, captured the enemy bunker, killed the enemy battalion commander and occupied the ferry position, which made great contributions to the Red Army's breakthrough in the natural barrier of Wujiang River.

The Red Army rushed to cross the Wujiang River

Later, in the battle of rushing to cross the Dadu River, Fan Changbiao once again created a fighting legend with superior courage. Before crossing the river, Zuo Quan, chief of staff of the Red Army Corps, led the Second Advance Team of the Red Army to take the Dashubao Ferry on the Dadu River through Lugu, Yuegang City and Shajingguan, in order to attract and contain the enemies defending the Dadu River, such as Anshunchang and Luding Bridge. On May 16th, 1935, Liu Zhong led the undercover reconnaissance team of the Red Army Corps and the reconnaissance company of the Second Red Division to Lugu. There is an extremely dangerous Xiaoxiangling pass from Lugu to Yuecheng. There is a suspension bridge at the pass, which is guarded by a platoon from Liu Wenhui, Sichuan Army. It can be said that one bridge passes through customs and the bridge blocks the road. In order to successfully capture the suspension bridge at the pass, Liu Zhong personally led Fan Changbiao and 1 soldiers of the plainclothes team, and under the guidance of a local old man who collected herbs, climbed the mountain, climbed the cliff and went around the enemy post at the suspension bridge at the pass of Xiaoxiangling. Taking advantage of the enemy's surprise that only one enemy soldier was guarding the bridge, Fan Changbiao took two soldiers to approach the enemy soldiers at the bridge head and suddenly rushed out to strangle them. Immediately, Fan Changbiao and a squad leader, Chen Shengzhong, led a team to rush into the enemy post, captured all the enemy troops guarding the pass, and took control of the suspension bridge and the pass in one fell swoop.

After seizing Xiaoxiangling Pass, Liu Zhong led his troops with great fanfare, making a high-spirited effort to intimidate a battalion of the Sichuan Army who was defending the city to abandon the city and flee. Then, in order to seize another pass that is easy to defend but difficult to attack on the way to Dashubao, Liu Zhong and Fan Changbiao and other leading soldiers put on the captured Sichuan Army costumes and took the captured Xiaoxiangling Sichuan Army platoon leader straight to the pass. Unexpectedly, when I was approaching the pass, I suddenly encountered a narrow road with the plainclothes team of Sichuan Army with more than ten people. In an emergency, in order not to disturb the enemy guarding the customs, Liu Zhong and Fan Changbiao faced the guns of the enemy plainclothes team without fear and calmly responded, which not only made the enemy plainclothes team mistakenly think that they had met one of their own, but also took the initiative to lead the way to the pass. Liu Zhong and Fan Changbiao led the plainclothes team to rely on wisdom and courage, and the surprise attack was successful. They captured all the enemy plainclothes team and a class of enemy troops guarding the pass, and seized the Jedi Pass, which is known as "and while one man guards it, and all hosts can't cross" without firing a shot.

On the way to the Long March, Fan Changbiao took part in the major battles of the Central Red Army, such as breaking through four blockade lines, crossing Wujiang River, seizing Zunyi, crossing Chishui River, crossing Yi people's areas, crossing Dadu River, crossing Jiajin Mountains, crossing the big grassland, breaking through Lazikou, and fighting hard in wuqi. He also led a team to cross the grassland three times, and carried out and completed arduous and glorious tasks such as escorting Chairman Mao and receiving Commander-in-Chief Zhu.

Before and after the Battle of wuqi in October p>1935, the Red Army captured a number of war horses, and the reconnaissance unit of the Red Army Corps set up a cavalry reconnaissance company. In November, the cavalry reconnaissance company was expanded into a cavalry battalion, and Fan Changbiao was appointed as the company commander of the cavalry battalion.

before the three main forces of the Red Army joined forces in p>1936, entrusted by the Party Central Committee, the Red Army and the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, Fan Changbiao led a cavalry team to Jingning and Huining, Gansu Province, successively to meet the Red Army and the Red Fourth Army, together with a personal letter from Chairman Mao to Zhu De and He Long, and food and clothing.

in the first half of p>1936, the cavalry battalion of the Red Army Corps was expanded into a cavalry regiment during the eastward expedition of the Yellow River with the Central Red Army.

in July, 1936, the cavalry regiment of the Red Army was renamed as the special detachment of the First Corps of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants (cavalry unit), and Liu Zhong was the commander and political commissar of the special detachment.

in August p>1937, when the red army was reorganized into the eighth route army of the national revolutionary army, all the cavalry units of the red army regiments were downsized into cavalry battalions. the original cavalry regiment of the red army corps was reorganized into the cavalry battalion of the 115th division, and fan changbiao was appointed as the second company commander of the cavalry battalion.

On August 22nd, 1937, the cavalry battalion went to the anti-Japanese front line in North China with the 115th Division via Shanxi. In order to ensure the safety of the flank of Pingxingguan, the cavalry battalion was ordered to enter the border area of Shanxi and Hebei to the east of Pingxingguan, and arrived at Weizi Village, Tangxian County, Hebei Province on September 22. On September 23rd, Battalion Commander Liu Yunbiao received an urgent telegram from HQ, and ordered the cavalry battalion to arrive at the strategic place Tumaguan for protection at 8 am on September 24th.

The location map of Pingxing Pass in Lingqiu, Shanxi Province and Daomaguan and Laiyuan County in Tangxian County, Hebei Province

Daomaguan was called Hongshangguan in the Warring States Period and Changshanguan in the Han Dynasty. It is said that when Yang Liulang led the army to fight here, the mountain road was steep and his ride fell, so he was also called Daomaguan. Daomaguan is an important pass to control the entry of Hebei Plain into the ancient road "Lingqiu Road" in the north of Shanxi Province. From Kansai to Lingqiu Peace Pass, following the Tanghe River south to Gu Dao, it goes out of Taihang to Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). Daomaguan, Juyongguan and Zijingguan are also called the "inner three passes" of the Ming Great Wall, which has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Daomaguan is more than 13 miles away from Pingxingguan in the west, nearly 1 miles away from Laiyuan County in the north, and Yimaling, 4 miles away from Laiyuan County in the west, form two dangerous passes between the north and the south that control Pingxingguan in the west. At that time, the cavalry battalion that seized Daomaguan and the independent regiment of the 115th Division that seized Yimaling were both responsible for the defense of the eastern flank of Pingxingguan battlefield, which contained the Japanese army, aided and blocked the enemy.

Daomaguan is divided into upper town and lower town, and the existing lower town is in the middle of the valley. The original upper town on the mountain has long been abandoned.

Although Weizi Village in Tangxian County, where the cavalry battalion is located, is only over 3 miles away from Daomaguan, it is a narrow mountain road that can only be used for riding alone, which makes it difficult for cavalry to March in a hurry. On the afternoon of September 23rd, Liu Yunbiao, the battalion commander of the cavalry battalion, took the second company as the vanguard company, and each company went to Daomaguan one after another. Fan Changbiao led Erlian to trudge in the dark all night, and finally arrived at Daomaguan at 7 am on the 24th according to the specified time limit. Daomaguan Guancheng is divided into upper and lower cities, with the lower city at the foot and the upper city at the mountain. Shangcheng has long since been abandoned, leaving only a part of the broken city base exposed on the ground. When Fan Changbiao led the Second Company to Daomaguan, he found that the upper city of Daomaguan had been occupied by the Japanese army.

Fan Changbiao ordered the whole company to dismount and take cover, preparing to attack the Japanese army in Shangcheng, and at the same time, he quickly reported the enemy situation of Daomaguan to the battalion commander Liu Yunbiao. Battalion commander Liu reported the enemy's situation to HQ, and according to the command of Lin Biao, even if Fan Changbiao led the second company to attack and shut down the Japanese army, he must recapture the Daomaguan Pass.

At that time, more than a dozen Japanese soldiers occupied the Upper City of Daomaguan, and another 1 Japanese soldiers were climbing from the northern slope of the Great Wall to the Upper City. The enemy's situation was urgent, and it was urgent. Fan Changbiao immediately made a battle deployment. He personally led two platoons to attack Shangcheng, and ordered Li Shengcai, the deputy company commander, to take a platoon to bypass the east of Xiacheng from Daomaguan, and then outflank the enemy. He must seize the position of Shangcheng when the enemy on the north slope did not climb the Great Wall. Then, with Fan Changbiao's shot, Erlian and Erpai began to launch a rapid attack on the Japanese army in Shangcheng, and took the lead in occupying the position on the east side of Shangcheng. At the same time, battalion commander Liu ordered another company of cavalry battalion to rush to seize the commanding heights next to Shangcheng Pass in order to stop the Japanese army climbing along the northern slope of Shangcheng.

Two companies and two platoons, who were the main task of frontal attack on the uptown, led by Fan Changbiao, continued to attack after occupying the position on the east side of the uptown, violently attacked Mangchong and seized the middle fortifications of the uptown. Japanese soldiers who retreated to the fortifications on the west side of the Upper City, carrying bayoneted 38-big guns, roared and kept shooting at the second company soldiers who occupied the fortifications in the middle of the Upper City to cover the Japanese reinforcements who were climbing up from the northern slope of the Great Wall. Fan Changbiao knew that the fighter plane was slightly lost, and the Japanese soldiers on the north slope had not yet climbed to Shangcheng, and immediately ordered the Japanese soldiers who resisted according to the danger to launch an attack on the west side of Shangcheng. Liu Chongzhi, a platoon leader, braved the arrogance of the enemy and bravely took the lead. When he led the soldiers to charge with Japanese soldiers' intensive bullets, he was unfortunately killed by the enemy. The second company soldiers killed their eyes, went wave after wave without fear, and finally captured the Japanese fortifications on the west side of Shangcheng. At this point, the cavalry battalion occupied all the positions in the upper city of Daomaguan and turned to stop the Japanese army rushing up along the northern slope.

While Fan Changbiao led two platoons to attack the Japanese army in Shangcheng, Battalion Commander Liu Yunbiao had ordered the company occupying the commanding heights next to Daomaguan to keep shooting at the Japanese army on the north slope. On the northern slope, when the Japanese army saw that Shangcheng was lost, they did not retreat. Instead, they concentrated their firepower and constantly launched a crazy charge on Shangcheng. When the fighting was extremely fierce, Liu Yunci, the reconnaissance squad leader of the cavalry battalion, aimed at an enemy commander and shot one of them. The enemy suffered a slight setback, but still stubbornly attacked uptown.

The Japanese army had nothing to hide, thinking that they would meet opponents who fled after a few days of fighting. However, what the Japanese army didn't expect was that the opponents it faced this time were the ones that the Japanese army had never fought. The class and platoon leader were basically Red Army soldiers who had gone through the 25,-mile long March. Cavalry battalion soldiers beat off the enemy and charged many times in succession, but because of poor equipment and limited ammunition, they have mounted bayonets to prepare for hand-to-hand combat with the enemy At the height of the battle. Gunfire broke out behind the enemy on the north slope. It turned out that a platoon led by Li Shengcai, the deputy company commander of the Second Company, had detoured from Kanto and occupied the highland on the hillside on the north bank of the Tanghe River, leaving the Japanese army on the north slope of Tumaguan in an unfavorable situation of being attacked on three sides. Battalion commander Liu Yunbiao immediately commanded the whole battalion to launch an attack. Seeing the situation, the Japanese army was afraid of being wiped out and had to abandon the war and flee.

in the battle of Daomaguan, the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division killed more than 2 enemies and injured more than 4. Four people were killed and six injured in the cavalry battalion.

After the cavalry battalion started at Daomaguan at 8: am on the 24th, the elite platoon of the independent regiment of the 115th Division met a small Japanese cavalry at the waist station west of Yimaling at noon on the 24th. The Japanese cavalry were killed. Two of them stepped back. It was discovered that Yimaling had been occupied by the Japanese army. At 4 p.m. on 24th, Yang Chengwu, the head of the independent regiment, respectively entered the Yaozhan position on the west side of Yimaling and the Sanshan town position leading to Guangling and Laiyuan. After the ambush war started at dawn on the 25th, the independent regiment also started the battle against Yimaling and blocking the reinforcements of Laiyuan and Guangling Japanese troops at around 7 am on the 25th.

in terms of battle scale and enemy annihilation results, the battle of Daomaguan in the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division is far less than that of Pingguan ambush and Yimaling blockade. However, in terms of combat time, at 8: a.m. on September 24, the battle of toppling the horse was the first shot of the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese war, which was led by Fan Changbiao, the vanguard of the cavalry battalion, and the officers and men of the Second Company.

The Battle of Daomaguan kicked off the great victory of Pingxingguan, which started the first shot of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by China's * * * Production Party in eight years, and won the first battle of the Eighth Route Army against the Japanese invaders. Many years later, General Li Zhongqi, who served as the deputy battalion commander of the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division, wrote poems to commemorate the battle of Daomaguan:

Lugou was connected with the Central Plains by a bonfire, and Pingxingguan was the first battle against Japan.

since ancient times, military strategists have been fighting for important places, and iron fighters have galloped down the horse pass.

the bloody battle alone is still fierce, and the former enemy of Liulang Monument is terrified.

I am braver than the sages, and the Great Wall is full of drums and horns.

After the Battle of Daomaguan, the cavalry battalion of the 115th Division made great contributions in the battle to establish and defend the base area of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region. At the beginning of 194, the cavalry battalion was expanded into the cavalry regiment of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region with four battalions. Liu Yunbiao, the former battalion commander, was the head of the cavalry regiment, and Fan Changbiao, the former company commander of the second company, was the deputy head and the battalion commander of the first battalion.

in January p>1942, fan changbiao went to Yan' an to study at kangda university.

On April 12, 1942, Liu Yunbiao, one of the founders of the Red Army cavalry, commander of the Battle of Daomaguan, a native of Zhuotian Town, Changting, Fujian Province, who was born in the same year and joined the Red Army at the same time, died of overwork at the age of 29.

in October p>1943, 3-year-old fan changbiao was transferred from kangda to the head of the Shanxi-Chaji military region cavalry regiment.

in March p>1944, the cavalry regiment was reorganized in Tang county, Hebei province, and formed a field brigade with its brothers. In April, it went to northern Shaanxi to participate in the battle to defend Yan 'an. Later, Fan Changbiao served as the head of the Northwest Cavalry Corps of the Eighth Route Army, the deputy brigade commander of the Northwest Teaching Brigade, and the deputy division commander of the 16th Division of the First Field Army. In 1952, Fan Changbiao was transferred to other places to work because of too many physical injuries during the war.

On January 6th, 2, Fan Changbiao, a leading soldier of the Long March, an anti-Japanese pioneer, a revolutionary warrior, a hero of the people and an old Red Army soldier who led the 2nd Company of the 115th Division to fire the first shot of the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese war, fought for the people's liberation of China and the construction of a new China all his life, and died at the age of 88.

Comrade Fan Changbiao, member of the Standing Committee of Shanxi Provincial People's Congress and provincial leader

I would like to commemorate the 75th anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and the 9th anniversary of Comrade Fan Changbiao's participation in the Red Army.

Literature and materials referenced and quoted by Jia Zhuwen in Taiyuan on July 29th, 22

Three Fates between General Liu Zhong and Ya 'an (by Liu Gang)

A Classic Show of Revolutionary Heroism at an Important Historical Moment (by Shuang Shi)

A Brief History of the Cavalry Corps in the Jinchaji Military Region. The Battle of Daomaguan (by Wang Sida, Hebei Daily)

The Great Victory of Pingxingguan should include Yaozhan Blocking War (by Zhao Zhiqiang)

Documentary Records of Japanese Army Blocking Yaozhan (including the Battle of Daomaguan)

The Course of Yaozhan Fighting (by Zhong Jiaopan) < Military writer? Member of Chinese Tang History Society,)