What's the difference between similar colors and similar colors?

The color of the pattern has the following two characteristics: First, there are certain restrictions on the use of color. This is not only because decoration itself needs a high degree of induction and refinement, but also because in real life, pattern design should be combined with different production processes, limited by cost and process factors, and it is not appropriate to use too many colors. Second, the freedom of color setting is high. This means that the color of the pattern can be set at will according to the needs of decoration, regardless of the real natural color. Red flowers and green leaves can be painted as purple flowers and blue leaves, and clear water and blue sky can be painted as mysterious water and orange sky. Exaggerated color contrast and charming tone processing are the charm of pattern color.

Based on these two characteristics of pattern color, we should first understand some basic knowledge of color, and then master the color matching law of pattern color in combination with practical training.

The basic characteristics of 1) color

The color in nature is ever-changing, and the change of color is mainly determined by the three elements of color-hue, lightness, purity and psychological element-chromaticity.

1, hue

Hue is the appearance of color, which is a characteristic that distinguishes one color from other colors. Hue can be divided into color series and achromatic series. Achromatic, that is, black, gray and white series, is a kind of color without purity.

Generally speaking, all colors in the colored 12 color ring have clear hues. They produce indirect colors of orange, green and purple from the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue, and then produce composite colors from the primary colors and indirect colors. 12 phase ring can then produce 24, 48 and other phase rings, all of which have very bright color tendency and can be called solid color. The change of lightness and purity produced by solid color constitutes a rich color change.

2. Lightness

Brightness refers to the brightness or depth of a color. Solid colors themselves have brightness changes. From the color cycle diagram of 12, we can see that yellow has the highest brightness, purple has the lowest brightness, and other colors form the transition transformation of brightness in turn. In addition, in the achromatic color series, white has the highest brightness, black has the lowest brightness, and there is a gray series with gradual brightness change between black and white. To improve the brightness of a color, you can add an appropriate amount of white; To reduce the brightness of a color, you can add a proper amount of black, but when you add white or black, the purity of the color will also decrease.

Brightness color scale is an important tool for us to recognize and distinguish color lightness.

Generally speaking, people call the color with lightness lower than 3 degrees dark, the color with lightness higher than 7 degrees bright, and the color between 3 degrees and 7 degrees medium bright.

Step 3 be pure

Purity refers to the brightness or saturation of a color, also known as chromaticity. Theoretically speaking, the purity of three primary colors is the highest, followed by middle colors, and the purity of polychromatic and secondary colors gradually decreases. But in any case, the color on the color ring still has high purity. When solid colors are added with black, white, gray or complementary colors (relative to 180 on the color circle). Two colors), its purity will be reduced, and the purity will be reduced to a certain extent, and the color will lose its clear hue. Just like in real life, it is difficult for us to distinguish the hue of many objects, so we have to say it is red or green. Therefore, the higher the purity, the clearer the hue tendency of color, and the weaker the hue tendency of color. When the purity of color drops to zero, it becomes the gray of achromatic color.

In this purity chromatography, the color close to pure color is called high purity color, the color close to gray is called low purity color, and the color in the middle state is called medium purity color.

Step 4 color

Color refers to the cold and warm tendency and feeling of color. Color is a kind of sensory experience association caused by people's feelings about the colors of different things in real life. For example, red and yellow are associated with fire and blood to produce warmth, and blue and purple are associated with ice, snow and sea to produce cold. Therefore, sexiness is a subjective psychological factor of human beings.

Cold and warm colors are also relative, and the transition between the two poles shows the relationship between cold and warm in different tones. The coolness of any color is determined by the contrast of surrounding colors. For example, green is colder than yellow, colder than red and warmer than blue. The same hue, such as yellow, lemon yellow is colder than medium yellow, and orange yellow is warmer than medium yellow. Colors with lower lightness may be brighter than warm colors and warmer than cool colors. Therefore, cold and warm colors are relative, and a color will change its cold and warm properties with the change of surrounding color environment. In addition, a color with white will get cold and black will get warm.

In short, colors need to be compared. To obtain an ideal lightness, purity and color of a color, only by comparing and adjusting the colors together can the ideal effect be achieved.

2) Configuration of pattern colors

The color of the pattern emphasizes induction, unity and exaggeration, especially the setting of the overall tone. How to match the colors of the whole pattern? We can explore the laws and practices from the following aspects.

1, the basic tone setting of the pattern.

The hue of the pattern refers to the overall color tendency of the picture. Tone can be bright or dark, bright or gray, cold or warm, and it can also be a color with a certain tone tendency, such as red, green and yellow. The color in each tone can have the change of hue, lightness, purity and color, which makes the color more abundant. Before mixing the colors of a pattern, we should first have a general understanding of the color tone of the pattern and determine the large color tone. The specific color matching should be consistent with the idea of color tone and echo each other. The area proportion of color plays a vital role in tone.

2. The configuration of harmonious colors

Harmonious colors include similar colors and adjacent colors. The hue difference of these colors is small and the contrast is weak. It is easier to achieve harmonious fruits.

We call those colors with similar hue (colors with a difference of about 30 degrees in the color circle) the same color; Those colors with moderate hue difference (colors separated by about 50 degrees in the color circle) are called adjacent colors.

(1) Similar colors

Generally refers to a single tone series of colors, such as yellow, blue-green and so on. Similar colors are pure in tone, and the effect is generally extremely harmonious and soft, but it is also easy to make the picture dull and monotonous. When using similar colors, we should pay attention to the pursuit of contrast and change, which can increase the contrast between color brightness and purity and enrich the picture.

Divided by 24 color rings. Two colors separated by 45 degrees or two or three digits in the color phase ring belong to the same color relationship and belong to the color group with weak contrast effect. The hue theme of the same color system is very distinct, and it is a very harmonious and simple hue. It can play the role of harmonious, unified and subtle changes in timbre.

Blue and green series

(2) Adjacent colors

Refers to the color within 90~ on the color ring, such as yellow-green, blue-purple, etc. Adjacent colors are close to each other, which is easy to achieve harmony, and the color changes are more abundant than the same color. When using adjacent colors, we should also pay attention to strengthening the contrast between brightness and purity of colors, so as to make the range of adjacent colors wider and wider.

The color rings are 90 degrees apart, which are adjacent colors and belong to the contrast effect color group. Color tendency is similar, color is unified and harmonious, and emotional characteristics are consistent. Similar colors are more stable and energetic than similar colors, which is an appropriate color matching type.

Contrast: Same color-Similar color-Contrast color-Complementary color

3, the configuration of contrast color

Contrast color refers to the color on the color circle other than 120''. The two colors corresponding to 180' are called complementary colors and have the strongest contrast. The effect of contrast color is lively, exciting and changing, so we should pay attention to the harmony and unity of colors when applying it. When configuring color matching, you can use the following methods to coordinate the screen.

In the color circle, the two colors with a distance of 135 degrees or' eight or nine digits' are in a contrasting color relationship, belonging to a color group with strong contrast effect. They have a distinct sense of tone and are mutually exclusive, lively and energetic. When matching colors, the relationship between primary colors and secondary colors should be properly handled to achieve harmony. In a 24-hue bit ring, two hues separated by twelve digits or 180 degrees are complementary colors. The color group of complementary color combination is the color group with the greatest contrast, which makes people's vision feel exciting and unstable. In color matching, the area of primary tone and secondary tone, or the method of dispersion, is used to reduce strong contrast.

(1) reduces the purity.

When the color purity is high, the contrast color has strong contrast. If the purity of one or more of the contrast colors is reduced, such as increasing gray or making the contrast colors slightly intermodulate with each other, the colors will become subtle and soft, and the effect of rich changes and harmony will be achieved.

(2) Adjustment of area

When the areas are large and equal, the contrast color is often the strongest. If one contrast color is used as the main color in a large area and other contrast colors are used as auxiliary colors, and some areas are decorated less, the contrast can be weakened and unified. You can also divide the contrast colors into smaller areas and use them side by side, similar to the method of empty mixing, so that the colors can be mixed from a distance to achieve unity.

(3) Non-color harmony.

It is an extremely effective method to use light colors such as black, white, gray, gold and silver to separate contrast colors in the configuration of contrast colors.

(4) color serialization transition

According to the order of the color circle, choose a series of tones between two contrast colors and use them at the same time. For example, while using orange and blue, use yellow-orange, yellow, yellow-green, green, blue-green and other colors, and arrange them in order to make the contrast color have a gradual effect and achieve harmony and unity.

4. Color extraction and configuration of other works of art..

The color of the pattern can also learn from the color matching of other types of works of art such as painting, photography, folk art and arts and crafts. Because these works of art have relatively complete ideas and ideal color effects, especially the colors of modern paintings and folk handicrafts are more general and decorative. You can imitate it directly, but there should be great differences in intentional modeling to avoid too similar picture effects.

Drawing lessons from the colors of photography and realistic painting, we should pay attention to induction and refinement, because such works are often too delicate and subtle to meet the color requirements of stage patterns. When drawing lessons from and using the colors of other works of art, we should also pay attention to the proportional relationship between local colors and overall colors, and the arrangement of color insertion and position should be carefully scrutinized to be just right.

5. Extraction and configuration of natural colors

Things more than | years old in nature have good color matching, such as flowers, insects, birds and beasts, rocks, plants and marine life. Their wonderful color configuration is beyond our subjective imagination, which provides a very intuitive reference for the color design of patterns. We should pay attention to our daily life. We often go to nature to collect all kinds of color materials and record them.

The color configuration of many natural objects can be directly extracted and used. In application, in addition to maintaining the relative accuracy of hue, lightness and purity of colors, special attention should be paid to the area proportion and position relationship of various colors, which is an important factor to maintain the original overall feeling of natural colors without large deviation. If we ignore this factor, we will make mistakes in the proportional relationship of colors, such as using a certain color area too large or too small, or disrupting the positional relationship of a certain color, which will change the original hue of the color and be impossible to achieve.

3) Preparation method of pattern pigment

There are many paint tools for drawing patterns. Only the most commonly used tool pigments suitable for classroom exercises are introduced here.

1, common pattern pigments and their characteristics

Commonly used pattern pigments mainly include gouache pigments and watercolor pigments, among which gouache pigments are the most used.

(1) gouache pigment

Also known as gouache, advertising color, there are two kinds of lead bags and lead bottles. Bottled advertising colors are common and concentrated (also known as pattern colors). Generally, concentrated advertising colors are delicate, pure and easy to use. Gouache pigment is the most basic and commonly used pigment for pattern drawing because of its convenient preparation, strong coverage, thin and thick, dry and wet, flat coating on a large area, detailed description and easy modification.

(2) Watercolor pigments

Watercolor is a transparent water-soluble pigment, which mainly depends on moisture to control the thickness and depth of color. It is convenient to mix, but the coverage is poor. Watercolor can be rendered in a large area or depicted in detail, but it should not be revised repeatedly. The effect of watercolor is bright, elegant and unique.

2. A preparation method of pattern pigment

(1) gouache pigment

Generally, it is necessary to add water to dissolve and adjust the glue in the pigment. It is very important for gouache pigment to keep proper dry humidity. The color is too thin, the spreading is uneven, and the coverage and saturation are poor. Too dry will make the brush stick, and it is not easy to draw smoothly and carefully.

Bought gouache color is limited, to produce rich color changes, it is necessary to mix the colors. Adjacent tones can produce rich tonal changes, such as yellow and green, and can produce a variety of yellow-green colors with different tendencies; Contrast hue changes hue, and at the same time, it will also produce different degrees of purity changes. For example, adding red to green will appear olive green, and then adding red will turn brown green until brown, and the purity will gradually decrease. Adding artificial white to pigment can improve brightness, but it will make the color tend to be cold and reduce purity. Adding black can reduce the brightness and purity of the color, while the hue is warmer (but not absolute, for example, yellow will turn green and cool after adding black).

In addition, the gouache bought is bright in color, and it is often dull when used directly, so it is not easy to fade together. When in use, you can add some calm colors, such as khaki, Chu Shi, khaki, cobalt blue, olive green, ripe brown and so on. , make the color "cooked". The more mixed colors, the lower the purity of the color.

(2) Watercolor pigments

Watercolor pigment adjusts the depth and purity of color through the moisture in the pigment. Watercolors can be mixed with each other like water pink, bringing out various colors, mainly using the method of color overlapping to produce rich color changes.

Because watercolor is transparent, when the color of the later painting covers the color of the first painting, the hue of the first painting can be revealed. The same hue overlay platform makes the color thicker and darker. The superposition of different tones will produce new tones, such as the superposition of yellow and blue to produce green. If the contrast colors are superimposed, the color purity will decrease and it will be dirty. Use watercolor to draw patterns from shallow to deep, not too many times, or you will lose the bright and elegant characteristics of watercolor pigments.

In a word, the blending experience of pattern pigments depends on a lot of practical training and repeated debugging and comparison to get the ideal color.

Second, the basic steps of pattern color design

Step (1) Design the sketch: You can draw the idea on the general draft paper with a pencil and gradually finalize it. Copy the sketch with transparent copy paper.

Step (2) Apply ground color before copying: If the pattern has ground color, apply ground color first and dry it. If there is no background color, you can directly color it. Use a hard pencil (such as 3H pencil) to copy the graphic onto the printed dry background color. The strength depends on the clarity of the impression.

Step (3) Coloring: Apply the adjusted color to the copied background color by the required method.

Third, several tone sandhi exercises

The color of the pattern can be roughly divided into three basic colors: cold, warm and gray, but we can carry out more detailed color training during training. For example, the following seven sounds are the ones that need to be practiced most.

1. Tone of the same color: that is, a single color turns white or black, which makes the color of the picture change in depth, which is harmonious and unified, and the color is elegant. When adjusting this hue, we should pay attention to the change of lightness and arrange the area ratio appropriately. There must be no imbalance between shades, otherwise the tone will be too bright or too dark.

2. Tone of similar colors: that is, the colors close to each other at 60-90 in the color wheel table, such as red, orange, yellow-blue, green and purple, all belong to the range of similar colors. Compared with similar colors, the color selection is slightly changed (see the color wheel table). This hue changes because the color distance is close. Although there are changes, it is easy to coordinate because they all contain the same pigment. Among the tones of many patterns, tones similar to colors are widely used.

3. Contrast tone: refers to the color corresponding to 120- 180 in the color wheel table, which we all call contrast color. The familiar red, green, Rayna Sue and green orange are all contrast colors. Among them, the most commonly used pattern is the contrast between red and green, which is known as "a little red among all greens". Strong color contrast, strong contrast. When two colors are juxtaposed, the effect is better with the help of area, strength and intermediate color spacing.

4. Brightness tone: The color of the whole picture is high brightness color, and each color is added with different degrees of white or light color (such as light yellow and light green). ), so that the tone is bright and elegant.

5. Mid-lightness tone: This tone keeps the uniform distribution of dark and light colors, so that the hue keeps the effect of mid-lightness. The color purity changes little, and some lighter or darker colors can be mixed in, but the main color block is still dominated by medium brightness colors, such as khaki, vermilion, ochre, lake blue and grass green, which basically belong to medium brightness tones.

6. Low lightness tone: The required color is low lightness gray, and the color purity is weak. This kind of tone generally chooses darker colors, such as black, dark blue, deep red, dark brown, dark green and so on. In the low brightness tone, a small amount of medium and high brightness color blocks should be added to strengthen the layering in the low brightness tone and avoid the dull effect of a dark block. Low lightness tone is characterized by deep, stable and harmonious colors.

7. High-purity tone: Use high-purity colors for design, and try to keep the brightness of each group of colors, so that the picture has a strong contrast and bright color effect.

8. Low-purity tone: According to the characteristics of low-purity color, light gray is often used for coloring to keep the picture always showing an elegant and harmonious overall effect.

[Abstract]

1, the color change is mainly determined by the hue, lightness, purity and color of the color.

2. The design color emphasizes induction, unity and exaggeration, and pays attention to the setting of overall tone.

3. Commonly used pattern pigments mainly include gouache pigments and watercolor pigments, among which gouache pigments are the most commonly used.

[Homework exercises]

1. What are the characteristics of the color of the pattern?

2. What is a harmonious color? What is a contrasting color?

3. How to coordinate the configuration of contrast colors?

4. Tone sandhi exercise: one tone in the same tone, one tone in similar tone, one tone in contrast, one tone in high brightness, one tone in middle brightness, one tone in low brightness, one tone in high purity and one tone in low purity.

I also saw it from others and borrowed it from others. I hope I can help you.