In which year did National Science and Technology Workers Day begin?

National Science and Technology Workers Day: Carry forward the spirit of science and pay tribute to scientists.

In 2016, the State Council approved that starting from 2017, May 30th of each year will be established as "National Science and Technology Workers Day". Today, science and technology workers across the country celebrate their second holiday. According to statistics from the Ministry of Science and Technology in March this year, the total number of scientific and technological human resources in my country reached 83.27 million in 2016.

The "Father of Chinese Rice" Yuan Longping, the discoverer of artemisinin Tu Youyou... Compared with these scientists who are famous at home and abroad, there are also many people who have made outstanding contributions to China's science and technology in the land of southern Guangdong. Scientists, Zou Boqi, Zhan Tianyou, Huang Xuhua... Today I will sort out the stories of four of them for you.

"The Father of the Chinese Camera" Zou Boqi

Zou Boqi (1819-1869), a native of Huangqi, Nanhai, Foshan, is known as the father of the Chinese camera and an encyclopedic scholar. He invented China's first camera and wrote "The Instrument of Photography". He also developed mathematical tools such as the proportional rule and the compass. The "Seven Political Equations" he created proved that the earth and the major planets orbit the sun, and refuted the "theory that the heaven is moving and the earth is quiet".

When he was 17 years old, Zou Boqi read "Mengxi Bi Tan". The theory of light and shadow in the book aroused his interest, and he began to study lens imaging. In 1844, he created a "photograph" and later improved it into a camera. He invented China's first camera and was the first to successfully take portraits with wave plate photography.

"The Father of China's Railways" Zhan Tianyou

Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919), a native of Nanhai, Foshan, is known as the father of China's railways and the father of modern Chinese engineering technology . Zhan Tianyou also founded the Chinese Society of Engineers, which is dedicated to writing and setting standards for engineering technology.

In 1872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, completed primary and secondary school courses in the United States and was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering at the Sheffield Institute of Technology at Yale University, specializing in railway engineering.

In 1905, Zhan Tianyou was appointed chief engineer of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. After 4 years, Zhan Tianyou designed the "herringbone" line and successfully built the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. The entire railway is two years ahead of schedule, and the total cost is only one-fifth of the price charged by foreign contractors.

"Father of China's Nuclear Submarine" Huang Xuhua

Huang Xuhua, born in Shanwei City, Guangdong Province in 1926, is the chief designer of China's first-generation nuclear submarine, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the first president of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation. Honorary Director of 719 Research Institute. In 1949, Huang Xuhua graduated from the Shipbuilding Department of National Chiao Tung University.

In 1958, Huang Xuhua was summoned to Beijing to begin the demonstration and design of my country's first-generation nuclear submarine. On December 26, 1970, China's first attack nuclear submarine was successfully launched. On August 1, 1974, China's first nuclear submarine was named "Long March 1" and officially included in the navy's battle order. In April 1981, my country's first ballistic missile nuclear submarine was successfully launched.

In the second half of 1988, China's first-generation ballistic missile nuclear submarine completed an underwater launch missile test, which meant that China truly had underwater nuclear counterattack capabilities.

In 1987, Shanghai's "Wenhui Monthly" published the reportage "An Illustrious and Unknown Life", telling the life experience of the chief designer of China's nuclear submarine. Due to the strict confidentiality system for scientific research, Huang Xuhua almost lost contact with his family for thirty years. Huang Xuhua sent the magazine to his home and was forgiven by his 93-year-old mother.

He Jingtang, the "Father of the China Pavilion" at the World Expo

He Jingtang, born in Dongguan, Guangdong in 1938, is world-famous as the "Father of the China Pavilion" and is known as the "Master of Campus Architecture Design" Gatekeeper". He has presided over the design of the Shenzhen Science Museum, the Museum of the Tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty, the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by the Japanese Invaders, and the Wrestling Hall of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

In 1983, the 45-year-old He Jingtang gave up his stable position in Beijing and returned to Guangzhou to engage in architectural design, research and teaching at South China Institute of Technology. After returning to Guangzhou, He Jingtang participated in the Shenzhen Science Museum design competition and won the bid. Shenzhen Science Museum has successively won the second prize of the National Ministry of Construction's 1989 Excellent Design Award, the second prize of the Guangdong Province Excellent Design Award and many other honors.

For the design of the China Pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, Academician He Jingtang won the bid and served as the chief designer. He chose the traditional and calm Chinese red as the main color, and used the 16-character design concept of "Crown of the East, Prosperity of China, Granary of the World, and Rich People" to embody the profound accumulation of Chinese culture.

Source: China Jingwei.com