Introduction to light and heat

Light can stimulate the retina to produce radiant energy of visual ability; The visible spectrum range of electromagnetic wave is 380 ~ 770 nm (10-9m).

Light is divided into artificial light and natural light. We can see the ever-changing multi-tone scene in the objective world because our eyes receive the light emitted, reflected or scattered by objects. Light is closely related to human life and social practice.

Light source: An object that can emit light by itself is called a light source. Light sources are divided into cold light sources and hot light sources;

Cold light source: it means to emit light without heating (or to generate heat at a very low temperature). Such as fireflies;

Thermal light source: refers to light emitting and heating (must be high temperature heat). Such as the sun;

Strictly speaking, light is a kind of radiation that can be observed by human eyes. Experiments show that light is electromagnetic radiation, and the wavelength range of this part of electromagnetic wave is about 0.77 micron of red light to 0.39 micron of purple light. Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of more than 0.77 micron to about 1000 micron are called "infrared rays". Below 0.39 micron to about 0.04 micron is called "ultraviolet". Infrared and ultraviolet rays can't cause vision, but the existence of this luminous object can be measured and detected by optical instruments or photography. Therefore, the concept of light in optics can also be extended to infrared and ultraviolet fields. Even X-rays are considered as light, and the spectrum of visible light is only a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Light has wave-particle duality, that is, it can be regarded as a kind of high-frequency electromagnetic wave (10/2 ~1015hz), and it can also be regarded as a particle, that is, photon for short.

The speed of light replaced the platinum watch kept in the International Bureau of Metrology in Paris as the standard for defining "meter", and it was agreed that the speed of light was strictly equal to 299,792,458 m/s, which was consistent with the definition of meter and second at that time. Later, with the continuous improvement of the experimental accuracy, the numerical value of the speed of light changed, and the meter was defined as the distance traveled by light in 1/299792458 seconds.

Light is one of the sources of life on earth.

Light is the foundation of human life. Light is a tool for human beings to know the outside world. Light is an ideal carrier or media of information.

According to statistics, at least 90% of all information received by human senses from the outside world is transmitted through the eyes. ...

Light is essentially an electromagnetic wave, covering a wide electromagnetic spectrum (from X-ray to far infrared), but its wavelength is shorter than ordinary radio waves. Visible light visible to the naked eye is only a part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum.

When a beam of light is projected on an object, it will be reflected, refracted, interfered and diffracted.

Light travels in a straight line in a uniform medium.

Light waves, including infrared rays, have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than microwaves. Therefore, it is a natural and inevitable trend to develop from microwave communication in electrical communication to optical communication.

Ordinary light: Generally speaking, light is composed of many photons. Under fluorescence (ordinary sunlight, light, candlelight, etc.). ), there is no connection between photons, that is, different wavelengths, different phases, different polarization directions and different propagation directions, just like an unorganized and undisciplined photon army, all photons are stragglers and cannot act in unison.

When light is reflected, the reflection angle is equal to the incident angle. On the same plane, on both sides of the normal, the light path can be reversed.

Light incident obliquely from one medium to another will produce refraction. If the density of the injected medium is greater than that of the original light, the incident angle is less than the refraction angle. On the other hand, if it is less than, the incident angle is greater than the refraction angle. However, if the incident angle is zero and the refraction angle is zero, no refraction will occur. However, light refraction still occurs in the same inhomogeneous medium. Theoretically, it can be injected from one direction without refraction. However, due to the unclear boundary, it is generally divided into several levels and is not flat, so refraction will occur anyway. For example, looking at the calm lake bottom from the shore belongs to the first refraction, but seeing a mirage belongs to the second refraction. The function of convex lens and concave lens is due to the first refraction.

Laser —— A New World of Optics

In a laser beam, all photons are interrelated, that is, they have the same frequency (or wavelength), phase, polarization direction and propagation direction. Laser is like a disciplined photon army, acting in unison, so it has strong combat effectiveness. This is the main reason why laser can do many things, but sunlight, light and candlelight can't.

[Last name] Guang …

light

Light; Ray; Honor; Just; Naked; Scenery; Smooth;

light

Gu 'ang

( 1)

(I know. Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph, "from fire, in people". Original meaning: light, light)

(2)

Homophonic [light; Ray]

The light is bright. -Shuo Wen

Light, swaying, swaying. It is also extensive and far-reaching. -"Interpretation of Name and Heaven"

Guang Qi and the sun and the moon. -"Songs of the South, Nine Songs, Gentleman in the Cloud"

People who can swim in the shadows share the light with the sun and the moon. -"Huainanzi Pearl Krabs"

The sun and the moon are shining brightly. -Huai Nan Zi Ben Jing

The light of the country -"Yi Guan"

The night is still early, and the lights of the court. -"Poetry Xiaoya Ting Liao"

Push this ambition, although it is as glorious as the sun and the moon. -Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan

Those who are far away from others have their own glory. -Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong for twenty-two years

Glory of light. -"Mandarin Jin Yu"

Let the light shine. -Mencius

The mountain has a small mouth, as if there is light. -Tao Jin Yuanming Peach Blossom Garden.

A ray of red light came from the bridge, pointing to the west of the city. -Shao Qing Heng Chang's Biography of Yandian History

(3)

Another example: sunshine; Lighting; Reflected light (reflected light); Colored light (colored light); Morning light (early morning sunshine); Dawn (morning sunshine); The lights are shaking (flashing)

(4)

Color; Glory [color]

My concubine has embroidered waist and gives birth to light. -"Yutai Ancient Poems and New Poems Dedicated to Jiao Zhongqing's Wife"

Moths have uncomfortable faces and dark sleeves. -Don Lee Wei Chao's Liu Yichuan

(5)

Another example: mercerization; Glossy (bright and moist); Light color (glossy color); calender

(6)

Glory; Reputation [honor; Glory]

The smell of food is the smell of my state. -"Poetry, Qifeng, Nanshan has a platform"

Even my face is dull. Scholars

It is difficult for a scholar to live in the world and look forward to fame and fortune and moral journey. -Don Han Yu's Original Extinction

(7)

Another example: winning glory for the country; Exposure; Light pet (glory; Credit); Guangguo (glory for the country); Guangtian (Guanghua reaches the world); Guanglong (glorious age); Light rotten (bright and bright); Light crystal (luster); Guanghe (brilliant)

(8)

Time [time]

At the beginning of the screen, I worry about my thoughts, and I like my feelings. -Bao Zhao's "Guan Lou Fu" in the Southern Dynasties

(9)

Another example is: inch light (short time); Time flies (day by day). Time flies: [Time] is drifting away); Time flies (time flies). Describe how fast time passes); Time flies, ie the sun is fleeting. Describe how time flies)

( 10)

[scenery] [scene]

The sky is up and down, and there is a blue sky. -Song Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower"

( 1 1)

Another example is: scenery; Yamamitsu

( 12)

Grace; Benefits [love] such as: light; Exposure; I'm sorry

( 13)

Especially the celestial bodies such as the sun, the moon and the stars. Such as: guangyue (heaven and earth. Light: stars. Yue: He Shan)

( 14)

Greet the visitors. The existence of]

Four old gentlemen, I care about Xiao Yuan today. What virtue can I have? -Ming Sang Shaoliang, "Sima Rutong, narcissistic"

light

Gu 'ang

( 1)

Bright, bright [bright]

The sword is like a thousand dollars, light and fresh. -Three Kingdoms Shu Cao Zhi's "Mingdu"

(2)

Another example is: smooth (smooth); Bright; Light eyes (big eyes with gods); Lighting (strong light); Smooth (bright and moist)

(3)

light

Let's go.

( 1)

Sun, fire, electricity, etc. Emit dazzling and bright things, and you can see objects: yang ~. Month ~. It's on fire. ~ Hua (brilliant).

(2)

Honor: ~ Pro (honorific, meaning that the arrival of guests brings glory to the host). ~ gu. ~ reply.

(3)

Make it stand out: ~ big. ~ zong yaozu.

(4)

Scenery: spring ~ bright and beautiful.

(5)

Smooth: ~ slippery. ~ Jay. ~ ze.

(6)

It's over, there is nothing left: kill ~ burn ~. Eat ~ use ~.

(7)

Exposure: ~ arm.

(8)

Single, only: ~ one breath left.

(9)

Last name.

Zheng code: KOGR, U: 5 149,: B9E2.

Number of strokes: 6, radical: er, number of strokes: 243 135.

Light; Ray; Honor; Just; Naked; Scenery; Smooth;

light

1 bright. Su Wen Yi Jing Hua Qi: "To be close to the patient, to observe life and death, to be suspicious and to know about it is like the light of the sun and the moon."

2 reveal, reveal. "Su Wen Wang Xu Bing": "The monarch and the minister, who lost the ceremony, will be proud of taking the exam and get what they want."

③ Everbright. Lingshu Root Knot: "Regulating Yin and Yang, Essence is Light."

The speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.

Thermal ring

Radical stroke 04 Total stroke 10

hot

Heat; Heat; Fever Arden; Calories;

Cold; Cool; Cold;

hot

( 1)

hot

thunder

(2)

(voice. High original temperature)

(3)

Same original meaning. As opposed to cold [heat]

The lungs are very afraid of heat. -"Su Wen, the theory of the five permanent members becoming bigger"

Clear, warm, cold and hot, all have to be saved. -"Enough is enough"

As deep as water and as hot as fire-Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia

Between the servant in the stable and the horse, ... it's just that hunger, cold, poison and heat are unbearable, so you won't go. -Ming Zongchen "Newspaper Liu Yi Zhang Shu"

This is not near heat, but far cold. -"Liezi Tang Wen"

(4)

Another example is hot weather; Hot kettle (hot pot); Heat wave; Heat; Hot rolling; Irritable

(5)

Full of enthusiasm; Warm hearted. Such as hot mans (hot pythons can't control their emotions); Air conditioning hot air (good intentions are not rewarded); Enthusiasm (enthusiasm)

(6)

[Have power and influence]. Such as hot officials (dignitaries); Thermal potential (outstanding power); Hot pinch (majestic appearance); Hot spot (figuratively speaking, a place with great power)

(7)

Describe envy [envy]. Such as hot eyes (eager eyes); Eager thoughts (sincere wishes)

(8)

New; Recently [new]. Such as hot words (dialects. New topics); Hot corpse (corpse of a recently deceased person)

(9)

Affectionate [ardent; Profound]. such as hot hands (reluctant); Warm abdomen (warm heart); Hot words (warm and thoughtful words)

( 10)

Noisy; Busy [noisy] is like a hot mess (nonsense; Chaos); Hot and noisy (describing lively and noisy); A lively place

( 1 1)

Intimacy [intimacy] is like hot chaos (intimacy, intimacy); Passion (intimacy); Hot fall (intimacy); Hot cooking (intimacy); Hot mouth (verbal intimacy); Warm (affectionate; Heat)

( 12)

Very popular or popular [acceptable; Be well received, such as popular goods; popular

hot

( 1)

hot

thunder

(2)

Hot object

If you lose money, you will get hot. -Everything is done by Yang Quan

Who can survive the heat? -"Poetry, Elegance and Sang Rou"

(3)

hot air

The sky shuts down its sound and hides its heat. -Han, "Laughing and Laughing"

(4)

Chinese medicine also refers to fever caused by exogenous factors [fever; Temperature]

Can (cure) accumulated heat. -Liu Ming Ji's "Regret for the Past"

(5)

Another example is that heat enters the blood chamber (heat evil enters the lower jiao and uterus); Hot air (disease caused by wind pathogen carrying heat); Puerperal fever; Relapsing fever; Parrot fever; rat-bite fever

(6)

Abnormal high temperature of human body; Have a fever. If you give him a fever first.

(7)

Extreme enthusiasm [enthusiasm] aroused at the moment; Popular; There is a great demand, such as table tennis fever.

hot

( 1)

hot

thunder

(2)

Heating; Let it get hot. Such as heating (heating and melting); Hot rice (heating a meal or meal)

(3)

Burn [burn]. Such as hot burning (searing; Hot); Hot flame (flame)

(4)

[fidgety]. Such as spicy (anxiety; Hot); The heat suddenly stung (in a hurry; Impatience); Grumpy (anxious; Anxiety); High temperature troubles (anxiety, distress)

(5)

Excited [excited]

Love deeply

Ley

Love passionately; Describe the deep love 】 【 love deeply.

Love the people

pyreticosis

èèng

Fever: Chinese medicine refers to an acute attack characterized by fever.

Thermal repair

rèbǔ

[Hot repair] refers to repairing the burning refractory lining in the furnace, usually by spraying paste refractory.

Hot intestine

Ruichang

[warm heart] enthusiasm; Willing to help others.

climax

Reggio

( 1)

[craze]: a hot heart tide

The current upsurge of paying attention to teaching quality

(2)

[Vigorous mass movement]: Describe a lively and vigorous situation.

Set off a wave of mass physical exercise

What the professor has just learned.

Reggio-Ruimai

"Teaching others what they have just learned" is a metaphor for teaching others what they have just learned.

My foundation is not good, and every class is a hot seller.

enthusiasm

Rechin

( 1)

[Enthusiasm]: Enthusiasm; Passion; Passion; The excitement and urgency of supporting someone or a project; Positive enthusiasm to the point of fanaticism.

revolutionary fervour

(2)

Enthusiasm: The quality or state of being enthusiastic, generous, enthusiastic or compassionate.

Extreme enthusiasm for comrades and people

Enthusiasm and sincerity

Ruixing

( 1)

[Enthusiastic and sincere; Cordial]: Warm and sincere

cordially welcome

(2)

Eager sincerity: enthusiastic sincerity

It reflects the enthusiasm of an art apprentice. -Lu Xun's "Two Essays on Jieting"

heat treatment

rèchǔlǐ

[Heat treatment] To treat (a metal, for example) by heating and cooling to produce the required properties (such as hardness or ductility).

conduction of heat

Rituando

( 1)

[heat conduction]

(2)

Heat is transferred from one part of a medium to another. There is no visible movement in the medium, but heat energy is transferred between molecules.

(3)

Heat energy flows from high temperature area to low temperature area through matter.

(4)

Heat conduction: to transfer heat energy by conduction (for example, through the bottom of a pot)

tropical zone

Reday

[Tropical] The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the south on both sides of the equator.

tropical storm

Heat/heat conduction

Redoro

Thermal conductivity The amount of heat transferred through a material divided by the temperature difference between the two surfaces of the material is similar to conductance in electricity.

heat island

Redoro

[Heat Island] An urban area that absorbs and preserves more heat (for example, due to buildings and streets) than the surrounding areas.

Immersed electric heater

Redkuai

[Liquid electric heater] The common name of liquid electric heater. Can cook simple food.

hot spot

Redion

( 1)

[Hot spot]

(2)

Physically, the part where the temperature is higher than the surrounding environment.

(3)

Something that causes widespread concern

GATT has become a hot topic.

(4)

Areas that compete fiercely with each other or become the focus of debate.

pyroelectricity

Redion

( 1)

Thermoelectricity

(2)

Thermoelectric phenomenon; All kinds of crystals are charged due to temperature changes.

thermoelectric effect

(3)

Thermoelectricity; The branch of science that discusses thermoelectric phenomena.

(4)

[Thermoelectricity]: Thermoelectricity, electricity involved in thermoelectric phenomena; Especially electricity accumulated or moved by thermoelectric effect.

(5)

Instant thermal power generation

Heating and power plants

Ledion

[Thermal Power Plant] A thermal power plant with power supply and heating.

hot

Redo

( 1)

[heat]: heat

Different substances need different heat to burn.

(2)

[Temperature]: Body temperature

Do you have a fever?

hot wind

Li jun

[Hot air] A general term for winds with high heat and low relative humidity, such as winds in desert areas or extreme foehn winds in summer, and also refers to winds that feel warm.

heat

Rafe

【 stupe 】 Apply externally with a damp and hot towel (sometimes with medicine) to stimulate local blood circulation.

Turpentine hot compress

thermal radiation

Ralph Susie

[Thermal radiation] Energy radiated by solids, liquids and gases in the form of electromagnetic waves due to their temperatures. The higher the temperature, the stronger the radiation.

Hot Dog

Regwu

[Hot Dog] An American light meal with hot sausage, sauerkraut, mustard oil and other breads in the middle, named after it resembles a dog sticking out its tongue and exhaling.

Irritable

règǔngǔn

[Boiling] The temperature of water, airflow, etc. Very tall.

Cook in a hot pot-act when the environment is favorable

règu-chácàI

"Get ready" metaphor using existing conditions to do things.

You cook on a hot pot. It's so convenient.

People are in trouble, Huang Jiduan.

Riguxuan

[ants on hot bricks] metaphor anxiety, panic, at a loss.

Putting a Scott behind the screen is like an ant on hot bricks. Scholars

thermonuclear reaction

Lehifenning

[Thermonuclear Reaction] The process in which the nuclei of light elements collide with each other at extremely high temperatures and finally fuse into another kind of nucleus.

fusion reactor

Warm and pleasant

Sunrise

"Very warm" describes very hot.

The fire is very big and the room is very hot.

Comfortable and warm

Rehu

( 1)

"Nice and warm": warm

The food is still hot.

(2)

[affectionate]: affectionate; Very intimate

(3)

[Hot]: It's still hot. Metaphor is extremely powerful.

warm

Leihaha

( 1)

[warmth], kindness, sympathy or affection.

Feel warm in my heart

(2)

Also called hot whirring. "

exciting

Ruihu

( 1)

[Lively]: Lively, lively and enthusiastic.

The labor competition in our factory is really fierce.

(2)

[Flame]: Fire; A blazing flame

(3)

[Affection]: Affection

Active/busy/buzzing

rèHuáo tiān

【 lively 】 describes the vigorous development of mass work or movement, the atmosphere is warm.

Join the army in full swing.

Comfortable and warm

Reho

( 1)

[Hot]: Hot. The temperature of a multi-fingered object

(2)

[Intimacy]: intimacy

The two met with great enthusiasm.

heat engine

Ray

[Heat engine] A general term for various machines that convert thermal energy into mechanical energy, such as internal combustion engines.

hot work

Rui Yoshioka

[Hot working] To roll, forge, press or form while it is hot.

Heat energy

Lizhen, Lizhen

[Warm feeling] Warm mood

As soon as they meet, their enthusiasm is not to mention.

thermal transmission

La Shawn Ku

Thermal term. Heat energy diffuses outward.

Mania

Lacun

Fanaticism [fanaticism]

Irritable

Lelele

( 1)

[Burning]: It describes the weather as very hot, like burning.

It's very hot and my heart is burning.

(2)

[Excitement]: Describe excitement.

heat wave

Lelang

( 1)

[Heat wave or heat wave]

(2)

high-temperature

(3)

Thermal radiation wave

one's eyes brimming with tears

Lellei

【 Tears 】 Tears shed due to extreme excitement, excitement or sadness.

Tears wander alone.

one's eyes brimming with tears

Gerei-yankuan

Someone's eyes are full of intense excitement.