150 points reward ten classical Chinese texts to be tested in the senior high school entrance examination.

original text

I was addicted to [1] when I was young. If the family is poor, there is no way [2] to publish a book [3] to read. Every time I borrow a book from the library [4], I will take my own notes and count the days. It's cold, the inkstone is hard, the fingers can't bend and stretch, and they are lazy [5]. Send it away after recording, and dare not exceed the appointment [6]. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. It is both a crown [7] and a holy way. Suffering from [8] ownerless celebrities and tourists [9], I tried [10] to go to [1 1] a hundred miles away, and I went from my hometown to [12] to ask questions [13]. Xianda Delong looked at the statue [14], and his disciples filled his room [15], and his words did not drop slightly [16]. Yu Lishi assisted the suspect [17] and leaned over to ask questions [18]; Or when he scolds [19], the more respectful and polite he is [20], and he dare not say a reply [21]; [22] Once you are happy, please. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was a teacher, I dragged myself into the deep mountain valley, where the winter was poor, the wind was strong, the snow was several feet deep and my skin was chapped. When I arrived at the house [26], the four branches [27] were too stiff to move, and people [28] poured the soup and covered it for a long time. If you travel against the trend [29], the owner will eat again every day, and there is no taste of fresh fat. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with Zhu Yingbao, wearing a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right [30], [3 1] like a god; The rest of me wears a robe [32]. In the meantime, I have no good feelings. Those who have had enough fun in it don't know that the mouth [33] is not like a person. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.

Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. But I was honored by the son of heaven, and after I was appointed as a consultant, I had to wait for one day, and all countries called him by the wrong name. What else?

Today, all the students studying in imperial academy [37] have a little support from the county magistrate [38], and their parents are 38 years old and have the legacy of Qiu Ge, so they are not afraid of being frozen. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; If you have a teacher, the doctor [39] is a teacher, and if you don't ask, you can't get what you want; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?

Dongyang Ma Shengjun spent two years in imperial academy and was called a sage by the younger generation. Yu Dynasty's capital [4 1] was born in a hometown. Write [42] a very long book, very eloquent. On the other hand, characters and colors are different [43]. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study. He is a good scholar! He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who laugh at me and brag about the prosperity of opportunities [44] and are arrogant to the villagers, I am afraid that the rest are all right!

To annotate ...

[1] Addiction: special hobby.

[2] No way: No way.

[3] writing a book: get a book, here refers to buying books.

[4] borrow: borrow. "Fake" also means borrowing.

[5] Fu's laziness: that is, "Fu's laziness", he does not slack off and does not relax. "Zhi" is the object of "laziness" and refers to "recording".

[6] Go: Run.

[7] overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.

[8] coronation: after coronation, it refers to adulthood. In ancient times, when a person was twenty years old, he was crowned (put on a hat) to show that he had grown up. Later generations often use "crown" or "add crown" to indicate the age of 20. This means twenty years old.

[9] Suffering from: worry and anxiety.

[10] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[1 1] taste: once.

[12] trend: running towards.

[13] Xianda: a moral and learned elder.

[14] Inquiry: Ask for advice. Knock on the door and ask questions.

Delong Wang Zun: Noble morality and prestige. Respected.

The disciples crowded his room: the students crowded his room. Master, apprentice, student. To fill, block. It means crowded here.

[17] Word color: words and faces.

[18] aid doubts: ask questions and ask the truth. Help, leadership and advice. Quality, inquiry

[19] Bend down and slant your ears to ask: Bend down and slant your ears (to show respect and concentration) for advice.

[20] reprimand: reprimand, reprimand.

[2 1] To: Deliberate.

[22] A: This refers to defense.

[23] as long as: wait.

[24] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): carrying the book box and dragging the shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out).

[25] Poor winter: severe winter.

[26] chapped skin (jūn): The skin is broken due to cold and dryness.

[27] House: This refers to the school house and school.

[28] Branch: connecting "limbs".

[29] Yi: refers to people who serve the people.

[30] soup: hot water.

[3 1] Lying off: water and washing.

[32] He: (q and n) quilt.

[33] Traveling against the trend: staying in a hotel. Travel backwards, hotel.

[34] Smelly capacity: (repair) sachet. Smell, smell, here refers to the aroma.

[35] Ye ran: radiant.

[36] robes: worn-out clothes. Weaving, old sheep. Open and shabby.

[37] Oral servitude refers to the enjoyment of food and clothing.

[38] imperial academy: imperial academy, located in Beijing, is the highest institution of learning in China.

[39] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shao Lei: Schleswig, that is, the board fee.

[40] Teacher I and Doctor: refer to imperial academy Teacher I and Dr. imperial academy, both instructors.

Liu Dai: Same generation.

[42] Chao: This refers to the officials who are going to see the emperor after entering Beijing.

[43] Write: Same as "write". Long book: long letter. Lu: It was a gift when we first met.

[44] Yi: Peace.

[45] Prosperity of opportunity: That's good to meet. This refers to the official position.

[46] and travel: mutual influence.

[47] Trend: Let's go.

[48] Admire: Admire.

[49] Hug: Gather around.

[50] The more respectful the color, the more respectful the expression.

[5 1] Naihe: You should be warm. Yes, it's just.

translate

I like reading since I was a child. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read, so I often borrow books from people who have books, copy them with my own pen, and count the days and return them on time. It's very cold (winter), and the ink in the inkstone pool is frozen, so I can't bend and straighten my fingers and dare not relax (copy books). Run to return the book after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. Because of this, many people are willing to lend me books, so I can read books widely. As an adult, I admire the theory of ancient sages more. Later, I was worried that no masters or celebrities would associate with me. Once I ran a hundred miles away and asked the local moral and learned predecessors with scriptures. This senior has a high moral reputation, and his study is crowded with students who ask him for advice. He never speaks his words gently, but faces them gently. I stood by and waited, asking questions, asking truth, bending over and asking with my ears sideways; Sometimes when I meet his reprimand, my attitude becomes more respectful and polite, and I dare not say a word in return; He was happy and went to consult again. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain something.

When I was a teacher studying, I carried a book box and dragged my shoes in the old valley in the mountains. The cold wind is fierce in the deep winter, and the snow is several feet thick, so my feet and skin are frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the library, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter brought me hot water to wash my hands and warm my feet, and wrapped me in a quilt. I spent a long time warming up. I live in a hotel. I only eat two meals a day. There is nothing fresh, fat and delicious to enjoy. The classmates who live with me are all dressed in gorgeous clothes, wearing red tassels and jeweled hats, with white jade rings hanging around their waists, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which look radiant and like immortals; But I live among them in shabby clothes without envy, because I have enough happiness in my heart, and I don't feel inferior to others. This is probably the case with my diligence and hard work when I was studying.

Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.

Now these students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Their parents send fur robes and silk clothes every year, so they don't have to worry about freezing and starving. Sitting in a big and spacious house reading poetry books, there is no fatigue of running around; With teachers and doctors as their teachers, there are no problems that cannot be solved and no requirements that cannot be met; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first. (If) they are (still) poor in studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (he) is low in nature, but that (he) is not single-minded with me. Is it someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma Jun studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his talent. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him, gentle in speech and modest in attitude. He himself said that he was very diligent and hard-working when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, and I specifically told him about the difficulty of studying. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me?

Flexible use of parts of speech

White jade ring at the waist. (waist, noun as verb, waist. )

Manual recording. (hand, noun as verb, hand, hand)

A day has passed ... the year has ... (adverbial of day, year and time)

People carry soup and fill it with water (soup: ancient meaning is hot water; This refers to the soup you drink. )

Send it away. (Walking means running in ancient times and walking in modern times)

Take: 1. Come (calculate the day to pay back the money; Bend over to please)

2. Leave (the remaining books)

Step 3 use (with blanket)

4. Because (there is enough fun in it)

, 1. (each borrowed from the library)

2. Pronouns (send away)

3. Used between subject and predicate to cancel sentence independence (when I am a teacher)

4. No real meaning (no smell of fresh fat)

5. Odor, 1 aroma

2 smell

Common words

1 branch: same limb.

2 quilt: wearing the same "cloak"

3 irrigation: the same as "washing"

1. What is the center of this article? How is the article elaborated?

(Commentary: This article is mainly narrative, with appropriate rendering description, concise brushwork, flying literary talent and flowing charm. Especially in the first paragraph, ask celebrities who are masters. Narration and description of "leaning over the ear, being willing to be rude, cultivating oneself and being happy"; In the second paragraph, how can you complain about being fat by Qi embroidery? The book is full of teachers, and the comparison between the two shows that "the book is full of teachers, but they are not proficient in their careers", which leads to the conclusion that "they are not proficient in their careers, unsuccessful in morality, and have no inferiority complex, so they are not proficient in their hearts and others are too embarrassed". This kind of writing is even more wonderful, so students must be guided to taste it carefully when studying. )

3. How did the author write about his learning experience?

The author wrote the hard scenes of his study when he was young, mainly his learning process and attitude. At the beginning, I pointed out the contradiction that is difficult to solve in my study: "Poor family" and "being addicted to learning" lead to learning difficulties: I often borrow books from people and write notes by hand, so no one cares, so I can read a lot of books. Without the guidance of a famous teacher, I trudged a hundred miles and asked the teacher questions. After the author's subjective efforts, tenacious struggle, countless hardships and countless hardships, he finally overcame the difficulties of "no books" and "no teachers" in learning, gained knowledge and became a well-read person. In particular, the author exaggerates the difficulty of studying under the teacher: in the poor winter season, walking over mountains and valleys, "I don't know if my feet are chapped" and "my limbs are stiff and can't move" Life is extremely hard, only two meals a day, wearing tattered old robes. But none of this has shaken the author's will to learn. In the hard study life, the author enjoys himself and does not envy the luxurious life of being in the same room. Spiritual wealth overcame material poverty. The accumulation of knowledge and spiritual enrichment are the necessary conditions for students to learn. Finally, the author summed up his study career with "diligence and difficulty", from which Ma Sheng can get inspiration.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing about his bitter experience?

This is to encourage Ma Sheng to concentrate on his studies and work hard. Because the text is only an excerpt, the author's intention is very obvious, referring to imperial academy's superior learning conditions and his encouragement and expectation for Ma Sheng. At the same time, the article is written from my own experience, which is more intimate and easy to read.

5. What learning secrets did you learn from the author's reading experience?

Study hard, seek advice sincerely, and constantly overcome and overcome difficulties in learning.

6. Song Lian has no books to read and is cold; Ask the teacher respectfully if you have difficulty; Life is hard and learning is interesting. What does this spirit of learning inspire you? Please talk about understanding in combination with reality.

Although our present study conditions are superior, far exceeding Song Lian's, our spirit of studying hard is not as good as his. Therefore, we should learn from him, do not compare with others in life, and concentrate on it in order to achieve something.

7. Is it advisable for a "sage" to "never say a word" to his disciples? Why? Talk about your understanding.

Whether you agree or not, it makes sense. Example 1: Not desirable. The relationship between teachers and students should be democratic and equal, and teachers should put down lofty airs, communicate with students on an equal footing, trust each other and grow together. Only in this way can we learn and grow. Example 2: desirable. I don't think that the "never break your word" of a "sage" is a disrespect for students, but a more responsible respect. Because only strict teachers can produce high-quality students. At the same time, respecting teachers and valuing morality is the traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.

I wish you success in the senior high school entrance examination! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !