55 kinds of digital photography techniques

1. Composition: the theme is distinct, the aperture is simple, and the formal beauty (curve) is pursued.

2. The composition of the scene (no post-modification) and instantaneity (exposure, object changes) (snapping, snapping, posing).

3. Express the instantaneity of composition with the shutter speed: A: Cure the instantaneous dynamics with a high-speed shutter, and B: Drag out the motion track with a slow shutter (generally, the shutter speed can be115s to achieve the effect of blurring and tailing).

4. Keep innovating to make the composition more attractive. (low-angle flower shooting)

5. Make good use of the points in the composition (should be less, should not be more, should be gathered together and should not be scattered): A: points located in the center of the picture, B: points located at the edge of the picture, C: points of different sizes to form a contrast. Points of the same size form symmetry.

6. Make good use of the lines in the composition: A: the lines are beautifully shaped, (with the perspective of the lines, they can reflect the depth and three-dimensional shape of the space and lead the line of sight to the center and distance of interest, such as roads and coasts), B: the emotional color of the lines: the straight lines have a strong, powerful, stable and stretching feeling; Partial feeling of movement, excitement and instability; The curve has a flowing, smooth, elegant and soft feeling; The broken line has the feeling of fluctuation, tension and instability; The horizontal line feels flat, open, steady, static and balanced.

7. Performance of making good use of lines: an exposed line, directly exposed to people's vision, such as terraced fields, winding rivers, wood line, etc. ), B: Shadow lines only appear under the action of some external factors, and sometimes they don't. One kind is given by nature, such as (the projection of objects under sunlight, the texture that falls on the beach after the tide recedes, the ripples in the lake blown by the wind, and the filar silk beams transmitted through the cracks of dark clouds). The other is man-made, such as the queue when soldiers gather, the queue when students do exercises, the traffic on the road, etc. ) c: creative lines: the perspective is unique and has certain randomness.

8. Be good at excavating the beauty of lines: exaggeration: shooting with a wide-angle lens has a strong visual impact, and the complex interlaced lines give the picture a sense of rhythm.

10. Faces in applied photography composition:

1 1. Texture: (The pattern formed by the building is beautiful, and the light passes through the stained glass to form a wonderful pattern)

12. shape: (the shape of the tree is obvious under the backlight)

13. Use the psychological feeling of shape for composition.

14: Expressed texture: such as the texture of stamens, rocks and glass.

15. The performance of texture mainly lies in the use of light: the smaller the angle between light and the object, the more prominent the texture of the object, and the side light or oblique light will leave a deep shadow, thus deepening the texture of the subject. The flowers photographed under side light and oblique light have strong texture, and soft light can well express the texture of human skin. )

16. The relationship between subject and companion: A highlights the subject and puts it in the center of the picture. The area occupied by the subject in the center of the picture cannot be too large or too small. We can use the contrast means of reality, size, light and shade to enrich and enrich the subject image. B proper use of peers, C transformation between subject and peers.

17. Understanding the environment: the environment includes the foreground and the background. Foreground: a make full use of the foreground, or make the foreground empty and highlight the main body. B. Use framing foreground (for example, shoot some trunks, branches and leaves, window frames and even fuzzy portraits in the foreground, and increase the perspective of the picture space through the relationship between the foreground and the size, depth and realism of the subject) Background: The background is more important than the foreground. If the background is similar to the subject, the picture shows a sense of tranquility. On the other hand, if there is a strong tone contrast between the background and the subject, the picture is lively and dynamic, and it was shot indoors.

18. Processing of blank drawings: Pay attention to controlling the proportion of blank jade entities, not spatially or too scattered. The ratio of the two should generally not be greater than 1:9. Should not be less than 6:4. If there is a big blank around the main body, it is easy for the main body to stand out, and if the area around the main body is small, it is not conducive to the main body to stand out. Blank can't be regarded as a vacuum, and a large area of blank space can't seem to have nothing. It needs a little detail and hierarchy to decorate, and it looks lively, not dull. (The large blank space in front of the characters in the picture guides the viewer's line of sight. Leave a certain gap in the direction of people's sight. If this person looks at the camera, there is no need to leave too much blank. )

19. Control the balance of the picture: the influencing conditions are: the size of things, the position of the moving direction space, the lightness and density of colors, the simplicity and complexity of layout, etc.

20. Use symmetry to compose a picture

2 1. Let the pictures have rhythm: for example, a repetitive rhythm, at least 3 pictures, repeated at least once at intervals. (A string of red lanterns with repeated shapes forms an obvious rhythm) b Alternating rhythms (Sunflowers with different heights have different sizes in the center of the picture, thus forming a lively sense of rhythm) c Gradually formed rhythms, such as objects changing from big to small, shapes from strong to weak, colors from bright to dark, and dynamic rhythms from front to back (gradual rhythms of colored ribbons in the picture) d (fabrics as transparent as cicadas form movements in the backlight). Sunlight forms through clouds.

22. Composition with a sense of perspective and space: the objects photographed in close range are large, while those photographed in distant view are small. Lines formed by regular arrangement of objects or parallel lines tend to converge towards the middle, the farther away they are, the more concentrated they are, and the last little bit disappears in the distance.

23. Shooting direction during composition: The sense of space in front shooting is weak, and the oblique side can shoot a strong sense of space. The shooting height also affects the linear perspective of the picture: the right-angle shooting line of the front shooting is compressed and cannot be expanded on the picture to a greater extent; Elevation shooting, the lines shrink and converge from top to bottom; Overhead shooting can make full use of the screen capacity, effectively and reasonably use the height and direction, and can enhance the spatial perspective effect of the screen.

24. Shooting distance: Shooting a portrait at a suitable distance and shooting a portrait at close range will cause the face of the character to protrude and deform.

25. Composition with air perspective: The rules include: the nearby objects are dark and deep, the distant objects are bright and shallow, and the farther away they are, the shallower they are until they disappear completely. Nearby objects have high color saturation, high clarity and high brightness, while distant objects have low color saturation and low brightness.

26. Use stereoscopic impression

27. Colors in composition: hue, lightness and saturation. Hue A: The appearance of a color, which basically includes seven standard colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple. There are other mixed colors, which we call intermediate colors, and we need to use colors reasonably. B lightness: refers to the lightness and depth of color. Among the seven colors, yellow has the highest brightness and appears the brightest, followed by orange and green, followed by red and green, and purple has the lowest brightness and appears darker. The same color will produce different lightness due to different light intensities. Generally speaking, the stronger the light, the lighter the color and the higher the brightness. C saturation: refers to the intensity of color, and also refers to the brightness of color. The spectrum of Ethernet sunlight is the standard, and the closer it is to the spectral color, the higher the saturation of the color, the higher the saturation, the brighter the color, and the more it can reflect the inherent characteristics of the color. Relatively speaking, the saturation of direct light is greater than that of scattered light, and the saturation of scenes taken on sunny days is greater than that on cloudy days. Brightness also affects saturation. When the lightness is moderate, the saturation is the largest. Brightness increases, indicating that the white light in the color increases and the saturation decreases because the color is mixed with other colors. Brightness decreases, indicating that the color is mixed with black, and the saturation naturally decreases. Exposure also has an effect on saturation. The saturation of solid color is the highest when it is exposed normally, and it will decrease when it is overexposed or underexposed. When the saturation is reduced to the extreme, it is a black and white photo.

28. Composition by color contrast: a color contrast, blue and yellow, grass, green, jade and magenta, red and blue are complementary. If you contrast each other when shooting people, you can form a picture with strong visual impact. Note that cool colors are generally dominant. B saturation contrast: using saturation contrast can be both vivid and peaceful. Photos with high saturation have strong expressive force and strong visual impact. C contrast between light and dark: bright colors will appear brighter on a dark background, and dark colors will appear darker under the contrast of bright colors. From the perspective of color grading, due to the different contrast, it can be generally divided into three categories: long-tone grading (small picture contrast, soft tone, quiet, slow, peaceful, lack of strength), short-tone grading (dark, deep and depressing tone) and contrast grading.

29. The application of color coordination

30. Take advantage of the warmth and coldness of colors

3 1. Use the levels and rhythms of colors to compose a composition: warm colors look closer than cold colors, and cold colors produce the feeling of being far away from us. This illusion can be used to emphasize the depth of space in photography. (For example, the heavy colors and fog formed by overlapping mountains show a perspective effect of being near heavy and far light, which increases the sense of space in the picture. )

32. Use the emotional symbol of color.

33. Composition by tone: Tone refers to the light and dark level of the picture and the contrast between reality and reality, as well as the light and dark relationship of colors. The use of hue can enrich the visual elements of the picture and make the picture more visually impactful. J can also enrich the form and composition of the picture. According to the brightness and color depth of the whole picture, it is divided into high-key, low-key and medium-key. ——

Answer? Composition method of high-profile photos: A high-profile picture is a picture tone composed of a large area of bright colors and a low area of dark colors. High-profile pictures often show light, quiet, elegant, dreamy and other emotional colors, which are suitable for quiet scenery, light-colored scenery, women and children in portrait photography, and so on. When choosing the background, it is usually white or light color. A little too much exposure makes the whole picture brighter. Use smooth light or scattered light, the light ratio is smaller, and the projection of objects is minimized. Keep a small amount of black in the picture to make it the visual center of the picture.

B.？ Composition method of low-key photos: that is, a large area of dark tone and a small area of light tone contrast to form a picture tone. Dark color occupies a large area, light color and bright color occupy a small area, which is the center and focus of the picture. Low-key pictures often show heavy, solemn, sad, solemn and profound emotional colors. It is more common in landscape photography of sunrise and sunset, or portraits of old people and men. The outline of the subject, night lights and eye lights in portrait photography. , through a small amount of light or white to make the picture come alive, avoiding the weakness that the low-key picture is too dark and dull. When shooting, the background is generally black, the dark part accounts for the vast majority, and the light is relatively large. Backlight and side backlight are ideal low-key light sources.

C.？ Composition method of half-tone photos: Half-tone photos refer to the contrast between light and dark, and pictures with distinct tones are very beneficial to express color, texture, three-dimensional sense and space sense.

34. Composition by light: According to the direction of light, it is generally divided into five modes: forward light, oblique backlight, side backlight, side backlight and backlight. A Shun light: that is, the light with the same transmission direction as the shooting direction. The color of the picture under the light is flat and soft, which is more delicate when used in portrait photography, but it lacks contrast between light and shade when used in landscape, and the main body is not prominent. Smooth light is beneficial to show the shape of the light receiving surface, but the outline of the object is poor. ? B Oblique light: Oblique light is the light whose transmission direction makes a horizontal angle of about 45 degrees with the optical axis direction of the photographic lens. The subject irradiated by oblique light can form a good relationship between light and shade. Because the light receiving surface and shadow surface will be formed, the area of the light receiving surface is larger than the shadow area, which makes the overall modeling effect of the picture tend to be bright. Oblique light energy can better express the three-dimensional sense, outline shape and texture of the scene surface, and can create rich tone levels. ? —— The lighting mode of oblique lighting can be roughly divided into 1. Narrow lighting, 2. Normal side lighting and 3. Wide lights. 1. Narrow light illumination means that the light source is located 60 ~ 90 degrees in front of the subject, which is suitable for shooting with small surface fluctuation and weak stereoscopic impression. 2. Normal oblique lighting means that the light source is 30 ~ 40 degrees in front of the subject. 3. Wide-angle illumination means that the light source is 30 ~ 45 degrees in front of the subject, which can fully illuminate 3/4 of the subject. This kind of light is suitable for places with narrow curves, obvious lines and big ups and downs, and is suitable for taking good-looking portraits.

C: side backlight: that is, the light is about 135 degrees from the camera. The shadow area in the picture is relatively large, forming a dark tone effect, which is an ideal light for taking silhouette and semi-silhouette photos. It is often used as a common light for shooting low-key portraits with large contrast and strong contrast.

D. Side light: The light is about 90 degrees from the shooting direction. Under the illumination of photometry, the light receiving surface, shadow surface and projection form a strong contrast, which makes the scene have obvious dark side. This kind of light energy can well express the shape, three-dimensional sense and texture of the object being photographed. (Side light pats flowers)

E. Backlight: Backlight means that the projection direction of the light source is opposite to the shooting direction, and the light illuminates the scene from the back of the subject. Under the backlight illumination, all the edge parts of the scene are illuminated. Because the light receiving surface area is small, the backlight can form the effect of side light. Backlight can capture the fuzzy feeling of plants, and the flowers captured by backlight are transparent or portrait-like.

35. Light and shadow composition: There are two kinds of light and shadow, one is the projection of the subject itself, and the other is the projection of the environment. Use the projection of the subject under the light to enhance the appeal of the picture. Pay special attention to the use of reflection when shooting scenes with water. A large area of shadows forms a unique landscape, such as sunrise or sunset.

36. Use sunrise or sunset to compose a composition

37. Golden section composition: Landscape photography often uses golden section composition.

38. Composition by using the three-point method: the subject is placed at the intersection of the three-point method. At four intersections. If the horizontal and vertical lines presented by the subject coincide with the bisector, there will be a feeling of beauty and tranquility. Put the protagonist on a line of the three-point line.

39. Horizontal composition and vertical composition: A In the horizontal picture, the horizontal line is emphasized, which makes the picture have an inherent stability and can highlight the horizontal connection, arrangement and horizontal movement between things. B vertical frame is beneficial to show the scenery with obvious vertical line characteristics, which often appears tall and solemn. In the mullion, the viewer's line of sight can patrol up and down, and the upper and lower parts of the picture can be connected. It often shows the extension of things on a plane from the perspective of overlooking, highlighting the far and near levels. Vertical composition is often used in architectural photography.

40. define the interesting center of the picture

4 1. Multi-directional and multi-angle expression subject: a vertical line composition: vertical line composition gives people a steady, balanced and practical visual feeling, and is often used to express towering scenery, such as buildings, trees, cliffs, waterfalls and running water. B horizontal line composition: because of the existence of the horizon, horizontal line composition is the most widely used composition method in landscape photography. Horizontal line composition can give photos a sense of visual extension in the left and right directions and a broad, steady and atmospheric overall temperament. C diagonal composition: diagonal composition can be used to express the subject's sense of direction and extension, as well as the sense of visual instability. Diagonal composition is more expressive and needs reasonable application. D-ray photography composition: the composition is changed to the pursuit of strong rhythm beauty, and the soft connotation of the picture is given by distinguishing the main scene from the auxiliary scene to show the image effect. Its advantage lies in exquisite aesthetic feeling and rhythmic vitality, and it can also highlight the main body.

42. Composition method of broken lines and curves: 1. V-shaped composition (curved broken line formed by mountains) 2. S-shaped composition (winding rivers, winding villages, narrow mountain roads, parades, performances, winding street lamps, vehicle tracks, etc.). C-shaped composition: use C-shaped lines naturally formed along the coast for composition shooting. d？ L-shaped composition, Z-shaped composition, Y-shaped composition (branch)

43. Graphic composition method: 1. Triangular composition (buildings such as mountains and houses) II. Inverted triangle composition (when taking a group photo, one person sits in front and two people stand left and right behind, thus forming a simple inverted triangle) 3. Circular composition (Ferris wheel, roller coaster, circle formed by buildings in amusement parks, etc.). ) 4. Square composition generally gives a picture.

44. Composition method: generally correct composition; High-profile composition (bright composition, fresh and lively feeling, simple and lively picture. ); Low-key composition (dark tone composition), large-scale dark tone and deep and dignified feeling create melancholy, depression, mystery and profundity.

45. Composition method of cold and warm tones: Usually colors are divided into warm tones, cold tones and intermediate tones. Warm color is a color tone composed of red, orange and yellow, which usually has the feeling of movement, expansion and upward in vision. 1. Yellow can create a warm and beautiful picture effect. 2. Red enhances the colorful and lively picture effect. 3. Yellow makes the picture purer, symbolizing sunshine and giving people hope. 4. Blue tone composition: Blue tone is often used to express the sky, sea surface, lake surface and other scenery. 5. Strong contrast and combination of cool and warm colors.

46. Frame composition method: 1. Composition of windows, shooting in the form of windows or buildings as a landscape frame. In the window composition, the scenery used as the frame should be in the state of backlight or shadow, so as to make it look low-key and concentrate the audience's attention. 2. Format composition. 3. Frame composition, with the help of irregular borders, can shoot a unique picture effect. Other composition methods: chessboard composition method (flowers in the community, stones in the water, fish in the pond, blooming flowers) and tunnel composition method. Central composition, (mostly used to shoot animals, insects and flowers), symmetrical composition. Far and near composition.

47. Different framing methods and portrait composition: 1. Close-up portrait: only shoot the part above the shoulder, highlighting and emphasizing the appearance characteristics of the characters. Use telephoto lenses or close-ups. Pay attention to eyes, smiles, gestures, and show portraits from multiple angles. 2. bust: it mainly shows the upper body of the figure, with the background as the background, and pays attention to the figure's posture, natural play, character expression and background treatment. 3. Seven-person portrait: from face to knee, pay attention to the background and body posture. 4. Full-length portrait: Pay attention to the coordination with the scenery, and determine the expression and posture of the characters according to the background.

48. portrait frames generally choose vertical composition.

49. Portrait shooting angle: 1. The overhead shooting angle (big up and small down effect) is rarely used. 2. Head-up angle: shoot more children, people sitting, people with backgrounds, and use banners. Head-up shooting gives people an equal, true and natural feeling. 3. Looking up angle: shooting from bottom to top makes men look solemn and dignified, while women can show slim figure and slender legs. Shooting upward is beneficial to the jumping action of the characters. When shooting with the sky, roof and other things as the background, you can make the jumping action look very high and light. If you can use wide angle shooting, the effect will be better.

50. Shooting direction: Three quarters of the portrait, the side and back are taken from the front.

5 1. Picture layout of portrait photography: central composition; Diagonal composition, using wide angle; In horizontal composition, the head and shoulders of the characters form a triangle. Shoot with a wide-angle lens. The limbs of the character form a triangle.

52. Portrait contrast and composition: color contrast, light and dark contrast, size contrast, dynamic and static contrast, and virtual and real contrast.

53. Basic method of landscape photography composition: 1. Simple and harmonious; 2. Choose the shooting time; 3. Choose the shooting location; 4. Select the subject.

54. Composition method of mountain photography: With the help of natural landscape lines, the composition is photographed at a low angle. With the help of contrast between light and dark, the composition of far and near adds a deep feeling. Increase prospects. Highlight the lights on the top of the mountain with lights. Increase the sense of distance with shadows. Use the rule of thirds to keep the picture balanced. The horizontal composition depicts the curve of the mountain, while the vertical composition highlights the height of the mountain.

55. Composition method of waterscape photography: 1. Shoot the sea level with a horizontal line composition; The horizontal line is placed in the area of 1/3 above the screen, and the sea surface occupies most of the screen area, highlighting the vastness of the sea. 2. Contrast the composition of photographic reefs with horizontal line combination. 3. use the tunnel composition to shoot the stream. 4. Use curves to emphasize highlights. 5. Shoot the sea surface with contrast composition. 6. A panoramic view of the sea from a height.