What are the gardening techniques of Suzhou gardens?

Landscape architecture, like writing and painting, has regularity but no pattern. Do you know the gardening techniques of Suzhou gardens? What are the gardening techniques of Suzhou gardens that I have compiled for you? I hope it will help you!

What are the gardening techniques of Suzhou gardens?

First of all, the characteristics of landscape architecture are generally classified as follows:

Borrowing scenery, contrasting scenery, framing scenery, missing scenery, blocking scenery, etc.

Secondly, explain each feature separately:

1. Borrowing scenery is a gardening technique that introduces the scenery outside the garden and overlaps with the scenery inside the garden. It is also one of the most important gardening techniques in China classical gardens. This technology can make up for the shortage of small space scale and financial resources. Typical examples of borrowing scenery are: Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace borrows Yuquan Mountain in the Western Hills, Humble Administrator's Garden borrows the North Temple Tower, and Canglang Canglin borrows the Honghe River.

2. Scenery is a gardening technique, which determines the line of sight between the subject and the object through the axis. Because of the fixed line of sight, visual viewing is far less than this.

Freedom comes from borrowing scenery. It has a strong constraint on the landscape and is easy to produce a sense of order, seriousness and loftiness. Therefore, it is often used in commemorative or large-scale public buildings, and combined with sandwiched scenery and framed scenery to form a solemn landscape.

3. Frame landscape is a kind of landscaping technique that consciously sets the frame hole structure to guide viewers to enjoy the scenery through the frame hole in a specific position. Mounted scenery is very attractive to tourists, and it is easy to produce picturesque and pleasing artistic effects. Du Fu's poem:? Outside the window is the autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door. It is the best portrayal of the framing effect.

4. Missing scene, also known as missing scene, generally refers to the scene seen through the virtual partition. Virtual partitions include flower windows, fences and partitions. On the one hand, it is easy to arouse tourists' interest and desire to explore the scenery. On the other hand, it has a hazy and illusory beauty. Using landscape leakage to promote the ethereal and infiltration of space is one of the important ways of gardening in China.

5. Obstacle scenery is a kind of landscaping technique to set rocks, walls, flowers and trees on the tour road or scenic spot to block the line of sight, thus guiding tourists to change the direction of tour. Obstacles add to the garden? Hide? Charm is also an important means to suppress and shade the sun, so it is widely used in gardens of past dynasties.

6. Landscaping is like writing and painting, with regularity but no formula. The same landscape painter can use different brushwork, photographers can shoot from different angles, and the same garden can also be designed with different ideas. The hundred gardens in Jiangnan are ever-changing. Therefore, landscaping has a unique idea, has it been done? Although some people do this, it is a fable. Artistic conception is a masterpiece. When creating a landscape in each garden, we should not ignore the dynamic and static landscape. Usually, narrow gardens should focus on static observation, supplemented by dynamic observation. Follow the principle of "seeing the big with the small", create a beautiful view of "seeing the infinite with the limited", and pay more attention to the use of blocking scenery, taking pictures and borrowing scenery. In a relatively large garden, we should give priority to the dynamic view, supplemented by the static view, and pay more attention to the division of space. Through various forms such as scenes, the scenes are sandwiched and added to create an open, convergent, deep or bright space, which enriches the scenery. In modern landscaping, it will be a more important subject to study the configuration of plant height, color, texture and dynamic situation to form a beautiful focus landscape.

Third, the landscape characteristics of classical garden plants

1, naturally

? Learn from nature? It is the foundation of classical gardens in China and one of the basic principles of plant landscaping. First of all, from the aspects of plant selection and landscape layout, China classical landscape architects simulate natural scenery and create artificial self-heating according to the natural growth habits and seasonal changes of plants. Ouyang Xiu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, built two pavilions, Awakening Heart and Drunken Man, and a Langxie Valley, which ordered all the guests. Planting flowers in the meantime? , so that the park can? Light, deep, red and white should alternate, and must be planted repeatedly; Bring wine at four o'clock, don't teach me not to bloom for a day! ? It can be seen that the seasonal changes of plants were fully considered in the plant landscape at that time.

In addition, in terms of landscape organization, the ancients also summed up a set of effective methods, such as using scenery to bring natural mountains and rivers into the garden, or using the method of wanting to promote before restraining, so as to see the big from the small and create an optical illusion, even in a small space? 35% to 35% forest? , create? Near the mountains? Effect.

2. Implicit

For the garden landscape, the ancients were most afraid to cut to the chase and take in everything in a glance. They pay attention to hiding but not showing, turn around. Using plants to hide and block the scenery is the most commonly used method in classical gardens. For example, in front of Canglang Pavilion, layers of plants were used to form a barrier. From a distance, only flying horns spread their wings, and the mystery, layering and depth of the landscape suddenly increased.

The meaning of ancient plant landscape in China is not limited to the visual meaning, but also reflected in the content expression. The ancients endowed plants with anthropomorphic characteristics. When landscaping, use plants to express your feelings? More common. For example, the owner of a garden in Yangzhou expresses himself through bamboo? Stand upright without bending, open-minded and upward? Attitude towards life. In the eyes of the ancients, plants are not only for creating beautiful scenery, but also contain rich philosophies and profound connotations, which is the difference between classical gardens in China? As the saying goes, the creation of artistic conception? Endless scenery? .

The artistic conception of plant landscape comes from the shape and color of plants and the imagination of the ancients. For example, willows are often planted on bridges near the water to show farewell, and so on.

3. exquisite

Whether it is the magnificent royal garden or the exquisite private garden, every landscape has been refined and ingenious under the careful gardening concept.

? How are you? Reflected in the selection of materials and the organization of landscape? The essence is in the body. In the classical gardens of China, native plants with high ornamental value are mostly selected, and the introduction of plants is seldom stopped. On the one hand, it ensures the growth of plants and can obtain the best landscape effect; On the other hand, it also reflects the local characteristics. What should be paid attention to in plant selection? Artistic conception? Such as the begonia in front of the imperial garden of the Forbidden City, the magnolia in front of the Leshou Palace in the Summer Palace, and a pool of lotus flowers in the humorous garden.

? Coincidence Is it reflected in the layout and detailed description? Great workmanship. The plant landscape of China classical gardens has some prominent maple trees and warm colors; Some highlight pear trees, wrapped in gauze; Some highlight Gu Song, and the peaks are green; Some prominent weeping willows are graceful. The change of plant color and leaf color, as well as the difference of flower shape and leaf shape, are all achieved by clever use? Is there a view at four o'clock? Effect. At the same time, every detail of garden landscape has been carefully scrutinized. For example, the Shilin Courtyard in Suzhou Liuyuan can be seen through the leaky window? The lake stone leans against the wall, and the banana reflects the window? It is amazing how the gardener conceived and described such a wonderful scene.

The characteristics and profound cultural connotations of plant disposition in China classical gardens deserve our in-depth consideration and study, so as to better understand the design methods of the ancients and make the past serve the present.

Ancient gardens in China attached great importance to the harmony between man and nature, and used various landscaping techniques to express the beauty of nature in order to achieve the best state. The basic gardening techniques of ancient gardens in China include borrowing scenery, adding scenery, framing scenery, missing scenery, reflecting scenery, suppressing scenery and blocking scenery. Because of the nature and scale of gardens, their techniques are suitable for different places and times.

First, borrow scenery

Borrowing scenery is to skillfully combine the scenery outside the garden in the garden, so as to increase the depth of field, enrich the levels, form a limited space and infinite scenery, and integrate the scenery inside and outside the garden. Borrowing scenery includes borrowing from distant places (such as distant mountains), borrowing from neighbors (such as trees), borrowing from others (such as pavilions), borrowing from above (such as pond fish) and borrowing from time to time (such as flowers and plants). Borrowing scenery can expand the scope of garden space, make the picture vivid and enrich the landscape level, so it plays a very important role in the gardening art in China. Ji Cheng, a famous gardener in Ming Dynasty, said in "Gardening and Metallurgy"? Clever borrowing, refined body? . Chengde mountain resort embodies the villa atmosphere with natural mountains and Bawai Temple, forming the effect that there is a garden outside the garden and a view outside the scene.

Second, add scenery.

Adding scenery is a kind of landscape construction technique to change this situation by adding scenery in places with empty space, monotonous landscape and lack of depth of field. There are mountains and towers in the distance. If there is no transition in the middle scene, it will appear empty and without hierarchy. If you add trees and flowers, the picture will be more perfect. Kunming Lake is the foreground and Wanshou Mountain is the background. Due to the addition of a long corridor between them, the picture suddenly appears vivid, perfect and harmonious.

Third, the frame view.

Frame view is a landscape construction method that collects external space pictures by using limited space frames. Door frame, window frame, hole frame, colonnade frame, tree branch embracing frame, etc. Can be used. The framing scene can concentrate scattered scenes, play the role of finishing touch, and can also move the scenes to achieve the painting scene, which is a collection of natural beauty and artistic beauty. The Moon Gate Pavilion of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou is the most typical masterpiece of framing. Crossing a Wu Ting Bridge, the iconic landscape of Yangzhou, and the scenery of a Wuting Bridge? All visitors here should take photos as a souvenir, and at the same time, they can go to another door to collect the White Pagoda.

Fourth, the missing scene.

Leaking scenery is a way to combine the beautiful scenery inside and outside the courtyard, inside and outside the corridor wall and inside and outside the forest gap through various shapes of flower walls, corridor walls, flower windows, leaking screens and gaps in branches and leaves. , build a looming, elegant and confusing landscape.

V. Site

Opposite scenes refer to two scenes that are opposite to each other and can watch each other. There are many applications in China gardens, because China is a natural landscape garden, and it is customary to distribute the water surface in the main parts of the garden, so that the flat water surface can form a better viewing space. The scenery around the water naturally forms opposing views, and mountains, trees, bamboo, stones, pavilions, bridges, pavilions, halls and pavilions can all become opposing views.

Sixth, suppress the scene

Landscape suppression is a kind of landscape construction method that temporarily hides the best scenery in the garden and then shows it. ? Hide first and then show? 、? Want to promote first? It is the dominant idea of scene suppression, which can produce a sudden artistic effect. Ancient gardens, rockeries, trees and buildings in China. It is often used as scenery suppression to block the main scenery and the most beautiful scenery, so that it will suddenly appear when tourists gradually arrive at the beautiful scenery, improve the artistic appeal and get the most beautiful enjoyment. If visitors enter from the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace, they should leave Renshou Hall and walk south along the path on the southeast side of Yulantang Courtyard. At this time, they will borrow a mountain tree (such as a pavilion), borrow it (such as pond fish), and borrow it (such as flowers and plants) at the right time. Borrowing scenery can expand the scope of garden space, make the picture vivid and enrich the landscape level, so it plays a very important role in the gardening art in China. Ji Cheng, a famous gardener in Ming Dynasty, said in "Gardening and Metallurgy"? Clever borrowing, refined body? . Chengde mountain resort embodies the villa atmosphere with natural mountains and Bawai Temple, forming the effect that there is a garden outside the garden and a view outside the scene.

Seven, obstacle scenery

Barrier landscape is designed with rockeries, trees and buildings. It not only blocks the scenery that is not conducive to the beauty of the garden landscape, but also adds scenery to the garden. If there are indecent sites, buildings, utensils and other things that affect the landscape in front, build more attractive shielding scenery to block the line of sight and increase the landscape. Such as zhaobi in front of the garden road, closed loose walls planted on both sides of the garden road, etc.