Who painted the tracker on the Volga River?

Ilya Effemovich Lie Bin (ильяеимовичрен, 1844)

Lie Bin is a great Russian master of critical realism painting in the late19th century. On the basis of full observation and profound understanding of life, Lie Bin created a large number of historical paintings and portraits with his rich and distinctive artistic language. His paintings are very numerous, showing the breadth and comprehensiveness of Russian social life at that time, which is unmatched by any painter.

1844, Lie Bin was born in Chuguyev town, Kharkov province. His father is an officer. The whole family toiled in the wasteland. As a child, Lie Bin personally experienced the poverty and hardship of life, and he witnessed how prisoners were driven by it more than once. These impressions became the material for his future creation. However, Lie Bin's painting talent was influenced by his cousin, who is a student in the painting studio. My cousin often brings him back some paper, paints and brushes, which makes Lie Bin gradually fascinated with painting.

1864 was admitted to Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts. After studying painting for six years, I graduated with excellent results and won a big gold medal and the opportunity to study in Italy and France at public expense. 1876 returned to China and began his unremitting creation.

The "roving exhibition school", composed of some realistic painters and sculptors with progressive democratic ideas in Russia, advocates truly depicting the history, society, life and nature of the Russian people and exposing Russia's authoritarian system. Lie Bin joined the school on 1878 and created a lot of realistic paintings. His "The Trackman on the Volga River" is one of his outstanding representative works of realistic painting, and it is also a famous work of the painter. Pictured: In the scorching sun and hot summer, a group of ragged trackers are dragging cargo ships and struggling on the long deserted beach. Lie Bin created 1 1 trackers in oil paintings. They are different in age, figure, personality, physical strength and expression. What we see from them is not only the enslaved life of ordinary people under Russian autocracy, but also their wisdom, kindness and strength. This is also the painter's innovation. In the past, artists of the roving school regarded the people as the objects of sympathy and pity, while Lie Bin reflected the reality, and fully reflected the great energy contained in the people through the demeanor and posture of the characters, which inspired and shocked people. After 80s of 19, Lie Bin was recognized as a master of critical realism and became the banner of the travelling exhibition school.

Lie Bin's works always keep the pulse of the times, and at the same time keep close contact with progressive revolutionary Democrats and intellectuals, so he painted many excellent works with the theme of "the unyielding struggle of revolutionaries". The Unexpected Return depicts the sudden return of exiles, which can be said to be a household name. This oil painting is like a novel, which tells people how miserable a revolutionary was after he was exiled, how sad his family was, and how surprised and excited he and his family were after the exiles arrived unexpectedly. This is the work of the painter in his heyday. The painter's talent for painting is concentrated in this work. Every character in the picture is lifelike: an old woman dressed in black just got up from her chair and turned to the "returnee", as if to jump for a hug, but she couldn't lift her feet; The two children sitting at the table, the older boy looked up with joy, and his mouth was half open in surprise, as if to shout out loud; Younger children timidly turn their eyes from the books they are reading to "strangers"; ..... Look at the "exile" of the return. He is tall and thin, wearing a faded fat coat and heavy boots covered with mud. Only after a long journey did he meet his relatives. His attitude is hesitant, even a little unconfident. It seems that in this long-lost home, he feels like an outsider, but his expression is firm and brave. From the exiles, we feel the indomitable heroism of the revolutionaries. Lie Bin grasped "the expression and behavior of exiles and every family member at the moment they stepped into the threshold" and showed people complex emotions such as "surprise and accident". Other revolutionary works of the painter include Escort on Muddy Road, Arrest of Propagandist, Refusal to Confess, etc.

While praising the revolutionary heroes at that time, Lie Bin took a keen interest in the creation of historical paintings with the theme of "historical events", leaving behind immortal historical paintings such as Ivan the Terrier Killed the Son, poros's Reply to the Turkish Sultan and Princess Sophia. Among them, "Ivan the Thunder Kill the Son" is the most representative. This is a historical tragedy that happened in16th century. Ivan Terrier was the first czar in Russian history. From a historical point of view, he is an excellent politician, strategist and diplomat. Although he faced many obstacles, he vigorously promoted a series of reforms conducive to centralization, which was highly praised by Peter the Great. But Ivan the Terrible was cruel by nature and did whatever it took to achieve his goal. After listening to other people's slanders, he suspected that his son had usurped the throne. In a quarrel with his son, Emperor Ivan hit his son's temple with a scepter, which eventually led to his death. The painter chose this tragic plot to describe it carefully: on the crimson carpet, his dying son was hugged tightly, and Ivan's terrible thin face stared at his frightened eyes. Like regret, and like praying that his son will not die. What we see from it is the irreversible pain of killing children. Through this work, on the one hand, the painter shows that Ivan's rule is on the verge of extinction, and shows the world that the cruel czar is doomed to failure; On the other hand, it also shows the complexity of human emotions, and human nature and animal nature are intertwined. After reading this work, lev tolstoy thought, "Good, great, the technique is so ingenious and leaves no trace."

Lie Bin himself once said: Find a way out for the painful tragedy through historical painting.

Lie Bin worked hard all his life to make every painting perfect. He is not only the pride of the Russian nation, but also occupies a decisive position in the history of world art. 1844 was born in Chuguyev on July 24th, and 1930 died in Kuokkara on September 29th. In his early years, he studied icon painting with icon painters, 1864 entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, and 187 1 participated in the postgraduate proposition creation competition and won the gold medal. From 1870 to 1873, he created a tracker on the Volga River. In order to create this painting depicting the painful life of the Russian people under the czar, he went to Volga twice to observe the life of the tracker deeply, so that the tracker in the picture is not only an oppressed person living at the bottom of society, but also a strong man with strong perseverance, showing the great strength and spiritual beauty of the people. From 65438 to 0873, he went to France for further study and further improved his painting skills. After returning to China from 65438 to 0876, he drew a series of genre paintings with the help of religious customs in small towns, which reflected the intensification of class differentiation in rural areas due to the development of capitalism. His historical paintings are also excellent. The representative works Princess Sophia, Ivan the Terrible Killed the Son and Cha poros to the Sultan King show tragic conflicts and depict the mental outlook and psychological changes of complex historical figures. He also painted the political struggle of Russian populists against czarist autocracy in the late19th century. Representative works include Refusing to Confess Before Execution, Unexpected Return, Arrested Propaganist, etc. He is also a portrait painter, and he regards painting contemporary celebrities as the most meaningful thing. Among a series of portraits, the most outstanding are Portrait of Musorgskiy, Portrait of Stasov and Portrait of Tolstoy. I also like to paint my relatives and friends in a relaxed and cheerful style, such as Dragonfly, Rest and Autumn Bouquet, which is actually a portrait similar to genre painting. During the 14 years of teaching at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, he trained a generation of rising stars for the Russian art world. In his later years, he wrote an autobiographical memoir, Looking Back.

In order to describe the painful life of Russian working people under the czar, he went to Volga twice before graduation, made a long-term observation on the life of the stalkers, drew many sketches, and became familiar with and understood their personalities and life experiences. After repeated deliberation and long-term brewing, Lie Bin's tracker is not only the bottom people who live in misery, but also a strong person with perseverance. In the composition, Bentley used the topography of the beach and the turning point of the river bend to make the 1 1 tracker look like a group of sculptures on a yellow raised base. The scenery of the Volga River is well laid out in the picture, which gives this small picture a grand and far-reaching feeling. It not only reveals the contradictions in reality, but also affirms the positive power of society, adding a new language to Russian genre painting.

Lie Bin's Historical Paintings: The painter reveals the complex and contradictory mental outlook of historical figures through tense and dramatic scenes. In the historical painting "Cha poros to the Sultan", a history of Cha poros tribe in the17th century was depicted with heroic group images and optimistic colors. There are more than 20 characters on the screen, which shows Cha poros's love of freedom and his heroic and combative character. Lie Bin also painted a group of oil paintings with the theme of1the political struggle of Russian populists against czarist autocracy in the late 9th century. There are three famous ones: refusing to confess before execution, returning unexpectedly, and being arrested as a propagandist.

Lie Bin is also an excellent portrait painter. He called portrait painting "the most realistic painting school". He shot a series of excellent portraits of contemporary celebrities.

Lie Bin taught in the reformed Royal Academy of Fine Arts for 14 years, and cultivated a generation of rising stars for Russian painting school.

In his later years, Lie Bin wrote his memoir "Looking Back" in the form of autobiography. He wrote down his childhood and youth experiences in a vivid style, recalled his contacts with artists and the creation of major works, and attached more than 65,438 comments and letters about European paintings at that time. This reading is of great reference value for understanding the general situation of Russian art in the late19th century.