Who are the physicists at home and abroad in ancient and modern times? (requires physical biography)

Deng Jiaxian

Deng Jiaxian (1924-1986), a Chinese nuclear physicist, was born on June 25, 1924 in Huaining, Anhui. His grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal carver in the Qing Dynasty. His father is a famous esthetician and art historian. After the July 7th Incident, his family stayed in Peiping. At the age of 16, he followed his sister to Jiangjin, Sichuan to complete high school. From 1941 to 1945, he studied in the Department of Physics of Southwest Associated University, where he was taught by famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, he moved back to Peking and applied to teach in the Department of Physics of Peking University. In 1948, he went to Purdue University in Indiana, USA, to study as a graduate student, and was elected to the general board of directors of the "Association for Science and Technology in the United States." The birth of New China made him determined to return to his motherland as soon as possible. In August 1950, on the ninth day after receiving his degree, he overcame many obstacles and boarded the ship returning home. In October 1950, he served as an assistant researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, engaged in research on atomic nuclear theory. In August 1958, he was transferred to the newly established Institute of Nuclear Weapons as director of the theoretical department, responsible for leading the theoretical design of nuclear weapons. He later served as deputy director and director of the institute, deputy director and director of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. He is the main organizer and leader of the research and development of nuclear weapons in our country.

He joined the Communist Party of China in 1956 and served as a member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Suffered from rectal cancer in July 1985, and continued to work until the last moment of his life. He died in Beijing on July 29, 1986, at the age of 62.

Li Zhengdao

Li Zhengdao (1926—), a theoretical physicist. Born in Shanghai on November 25, 1926. From 1943 to 1944, he studied in the Department of Physics of Zhejiang University (when he was a first-year student in Yongxing, Guizhou). He was inspired by his teacher Shu Xingbei and began his academic career. In 1944, he was suspended from school due to injuries caused by a rollover. In 1945, he transferred to the Department of Physics of Southwest Associated University in Kunming. In 1946, on the recommendation of his teacher Wu Dayou, he received a national scholarship to further his studies in the United States and entered the Graduate School of the University of Chicago. In the spring of 1948, Li Zhengdao passed the graduate qualification examination and began research on his doctoral thesis under the guidance of Fermi.

At the end of 1949, under the guidance of Fermi, Li Zhengdao completed his doctoral thesis on white dwarf stars and received his doctorate. After that, he worked as a lecturer and engaged in research in the Department of Astronomy of the school for half a year and the Department of Physics of the University of California (Berkeley) for one year.

In 1950, Li Zhengdao married Qin Huijun, a college student from Shanghai. They have two children. The eldest son, Li Zhongqing, is currently a history professor at the California Institute of Technology; the second son, Li Zhonghan, is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Michigan. In 1951, he went to work at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. He was appointed assistant professor of physics at Columbia University in 1953, associate professor in 1955, and professor in 1956. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. From 1960 to 1963, he was a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and a professor at Columbia University. In 1963, he was appointed chair professor of physics at Columbia University. In 1964, he was appointed as Fermi chair professor of physics at the same university. In 1983, he was appointed as full chair professor of physics at the same university. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Lee Tsung-dao's outstanding contribution to modern physics is: in 1956, he collaborated with Yang Zhenning to conduct in-depth research on the then-confusing mystery of "θ?6?1γ", that is, the so-called K meson has two There are two different ways of decay, one decays into an even parity state, and the other decays into an odd parity state. Recognize that it is very likely that parity is not conserved in weak interactions. Several experimental approaches are further proposed to test whether parity is conserved in weak interactions. The following year, this theoretical prediction was confirmed experimentally by Wu Jianxiong's group. Therefore, the work of Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang was quickly recognized by the academic community and won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Ding Zhaozhong

Ding Zhaozhong (1936—), experimental physicist. His ancestral home is Rizhao, Shandong. In 1956, he went to the University of Michigan in the United States and studied in the Department of Physics and Mathematics. He received a master's degree in 1960 and a doctorate in physics in 1962. In 1963, he received a scholarship from the Ford Foundation to work at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. He has worked at Columbia University in the United States since 1964. In 1965, he became a lecturer at Columbia University in New York. He has been a professor in the Department of Physics at MIT since 1967. His research direction is high-energy experimental particle physics, including research on quantum electrodynamics, electroweak unified theory, and quantum chromodynamics. The Mark?6?1jie experimental group he led has worked in several international experimental centers.

Due to Ting Zhaozhong’s contribution to physics, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 (for the discovery of the J/Ψ particle), the Lorentz Prize by the U.S. government, and the Italian Government in 1988. Casperi Science Prize. He is an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a foreign academician of the Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union, an academician of the Academia Sinica in Taipei, China, and an academician of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

He was awarded honorary doctorates by the University of Michigan (1978), the Chinese University of Hong Kong (1987), the University of Bologna, Italy (1988), and Columbia University (1990). He is an honorary professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing Normal University in China. He has received many medals, such as the Ellin Gold Medal from the American Society of Engineering Sciences in 1977, the Golden Leopard Excellence Award from Taormina, Italy, and the Science Gold Medal from Brescia, Italy in 1988. He is also an editorial board member of scientific journals such as "Nuclear Physics B", "Nuclear Instruments and Methods" and "Mathematical Modeling".