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1895 ~19/kloc-0 ● 65438+On February 28th, Lumiere showed ten films made by himself in the Parisian Cafe (1895).

● The first "Liu Sheng Cinema" dedicated to showing audio films was established in France (1900).

● Bergson's comedy paper on laughter was published (1900).

● Vitato is established (1900).

● edwin Porter's The Life of an American Firefighter uses a complicated outdoor shooting lens, which is connected with the lens by dissolving method, and the shooting method after the opening of the feature film (1902).

● In April, the first long-term cinema in the United States, the Audiovisual Theater, opened in Los Angeles and was founded by Thomas Tauley (1902).

● Biography companies began to use artificial lighting in indoor studios (1903)

● The first "Nickel Theater" in the United States was established in Pittsburgh (1905).

Emily Kaul is exploring the possibility of animated films (1905).

● The first cartoon film: Steps to Make a Face, produced by james stewart Brighton (1906).

The sound tube invented by Faust in Li Di pointed out the possibility of electronic amplification (1906).

● Australia's first gangster film "The Story of Thief Kelly" was completed, with a length of about one hour (1906).

● This year, it is estimated that about 80 million Americans will visit the five-point cinema every week (at that time, the American population was about 1 100 million), and there are more than 5,000 five-point cinemas in the United States (1907).

● Griffith went to work in a biography company. Because of the large number of films, he formulated a division of labor mode, making the film director the first person who doesn't know the machine (1907).

● The National Bureau of Inspection was established (1907)

● France began to make stage-style art films (1907).

● Edison set up a "film patent company" to authorize the shooting, distribution and projection of films (1908).

Edwin Porter, director of great train robbery, broke up with Edison Company, which soon stopped filming. At this point, the original film was gradually replaced by drama (1909).

● Karl Durham took advantage of the false news of the death of Florence rowlands, an actress from IMP Company, and caused a star craze (19 10).

● Griffith led the company's actors and staff to settle in Los Angeles, and many film companies moved to Hollywood, California for development (19 10).

Important works:

A Trip to the Moon

1900/ advantages/France/black and white

The life of an American firefighter

1903/ Edwin Potter/USA/black and white

The First Great Train Robbery

1903/ Edwin Potter/USA/black and white

The birth of the first western film.

Rescued by the rover: the story of the savior of the dog

1905/ Sisi Hepworth/England/Black and White

Creating the skill of telling stories on the screen is the most ingenious work Griffith has edited before.

Adventures of Ying Chao Ying Chao

1908/ Edwin Potter/USA/black and white

The content describes the process of rescuing the baby caught by the eagle. Griffith performed in this film and learned the skills of the director. 19 1 1~ 1920

● Warner Bros. started making movies (19 12)

● The first film magazine Shadow Play was published in the United States (19 12).

● Seinert Cornerstone Company was established (19 12).

● Adolf Sok establishes a "celebrity company" (19 12)

● William Fowles founded "box office attraction company" (19 12).

● Seinert filmed Terry's Sad Romance, the first American comedy feature film, which made Chaplin embark on the road to stardom (19 12).

● Universal Pictures of America was established (19 12).

● Griffith set up his own film company (19 13).

In order to shoot "The Wife's Story" in California, Mr. Dimir rented the Hollywood threshing floor at the price of 75 yuan per month (19 13).

● Dadasha Frank completed the first Indian film, and all the equipment was imported from Britain (19 13).

● The first important new luxury theater "Riverside Theater" was built on Broadway (19 14).

● Paramount Company was established in Hawkinson (19 14).

●● Belas lighting technician Bookland went to Hollywood (19 14).

Meyrier finished his last film (19 14).

● World War I allowed many countries to control the import of films from enemy countries, and indirectly reserved room for domestic films (19 14).

● Karl Lamb established a grand global photography city (19 15).

● The film patent company was declared bankrupt by the court for violating the anti-monopoly law (19 15).

● Griffith, Inges and the Senate set up Iron Triangle Film Company (19 15).

● The box office seduction company was renamed Flowserve Company (19 15).

● The economic model of Hollywood is based on1915 ~1917 (1915).

● Hugo Munster, a psychologist at Harvard University, is the author of Movie Drama-Psychological Research (19 16).

Allen Rui improved the Gothic scenery in Belas in Pantheon (19 16).

● Development from Chaplin to "Mutual Aid Company" (19 16)

● The German government set up "Ufa Film Company" and began to shoot wars in propaganda films, so as to suppress the anti-war voices in China (19 18).

● The National Film Association was established in Moscow, and the film department of the Russian Education Bureau strictly controlled films (19 18).

● French films are monopolized by EMI and Gomon (19 19).

● The Soviet Union nationalized movies and established the first film academy: Soviet National Film Academy (19 19).

Dr Calgary's cabin set off the climax of German expressionist films (19 19).

● Griffith, Chaplin, Mary Bi Ke Fu and Van Punk set up American companies (19 19).

● The French louis delluc founded the first society to show and preserve past films (1920).

● Movies in the Soviet Union dropped sharply, and cinemas closed more than 4/5 (1920).

Important works:

Birth of a Nation

19 15/ David Griffith/USA/black and white

The first film in the United States with a length of more than 12 is also the highest-grossing film in the United States since its own film. But in the movie,

Racial issues have caused a great rebound in society and even banned performances.

Prejudice story strategy

19 16/ David Griffith/USA/black and white

The production cost was $2 million, and a wall was built for a story about Babylon in the film. The movie * * * is divided into four paragraphs with profound content.

Carving. Unfortunately, because of the complicated structure, the box office failed miserably, which failed to arouse the audience's interest. Also translated as "the last straw" and "the party"

The same cutting is different.

Dr Calgary's cabinet

19 19/ rob Wayne/Germany/black and white

The origin of German expressionism opened the unique picture processing technique of later expressionist films.

Children, the story of finding a child and meeting a fairy.

1920/ Charlie Chaplin/America/black and white

At that time, Chaplin was involved in a lawsuit, and he opened his eyes with tears when editing a film in a hotel for fear of being taken into custody by the court.

Style.

The Adventure of Li Du and the Adventure of Dolly.

1908/ David Griffith/USA/black and white

Griffith's first directorial work, because of its great popularity, supported the declining biography company. 192 1~ 1930

● After the postwar economic difficulties, Lenin implemented a new economic plan and allowed private enterprises, thus improving the film production environment (192 1).

In the 1920s, the United States began to dominate the world film market (192 1).

● Ufa Company, which started shooting a lot of movies in the 1920s, invented the plane editing machine (192 1).

● john ford joined Flowserve Company (192 1)

● Foreign films were introduced after the war, and the box office revenue was transferred to domestic producers (1922).

● After the war, a "national film enterprise" was established to monopolize the production, distribution and import of local films, and the "Education Committee" was responsible for the ideological direction (1922).

● The Soviet Union and Widoff began to produce Film Pravda, which is actually a non-fiction film with half record, half propaganda and half experiment (1922).

● The "American Film Production and Distribution Organization" (M.P.P.A) or "Hayes Office" was established as a review body of American film companies (1922).

Lenin encouraged the production of documentaries and news clips (1922)

● Canadian Rob Buddha Letty filmed Nannuk in the North, which is the first documentary in film history to be shown in commercial theaters around the world (1922).

Eisenstein began to contact movies and put forward "attraction montage" (1923).

● The Soviet government nationalized the film industry again (1923).

● Warner Bros. was formally established in the United States (1923).

● German directors are hired to develop in Hollywood (1923)

● "People's Film Industry" was established to produce political films consistent with the ideology of * * * Party (1923).

● German films are facing financial difficulties, and their investment is increasingly dependent on Hollywood, and a large number of German film talents also flow to Hollywood (19 24).

● 1924~ 1929 is the golden age of Soviet movies.

● American Columbia Company and MGM Company were established this year (1924).

● Warner buys Vita (1925)

● The Film Association was established in Britain (1925)

● The Soviet Union reorganized "National Film Enterprise" into "Solvay Film Trust" (1925).

● The Politburo of the Soviet Union decided that the state would not interfere in art forms, and the Russian montage movement was fully developed (1925).

● The Soviet Union claims to have developed a film dubbing system (1926).

● In the mid-1920s, Bell recorded the technical cooperation between telex and phonograph (1926).

● The first color film Glorious Adventure was completed (1926).

● Warner Company invented Vitasone recording equipment, and Flowserve Company subsequently laid the foundation for sound film with Mufeitong invented by General Electric (1926).

● Special artistic color shooting and production of Black Pirate (1926)

● The first Don Juan with music score was produced by Warner Company, which increased the production cost of the film, but it was more economical than the traditional employment of an orchestra in the cinema (1926).

● The British Parliament passed the film law to protect the British film industry (1927).

The invention of hand-held camera in France (1927)

● The first jazz singer with music and dialogue vocal cords was produced by Warner Corporation. After the popularity of talking movies, many silent actors have become the past (1927).

● Hawkinson establishes a new Paramount Company (1927).

● At the end of the 1920s, Soviet movies flourished (1927).

● The American Academy of Motion Picture Arts was founded by MGM President Louis Meyer (1927).

● Napoleon, written by Frenchman Abel Gance, showed the world a film composed of three screens for the first time (1927).

● Hollywood entered the "classical Hollywood period" and produced many famous directors such as frank capra and john ford. During this period, genre films developed maturely, resulting in general rules of narrative techniques, such as lianxi editing and linear narrative. ( 1928)

Silent movie master buster keaton ended his film factory and joined MGM. But the shooting system of big studios made Keaton unable to adapt, and soon his film career came to an end (1928).

● Eisenstein's October was dismissed as "formalism" by the Soviet authorities (1928).

● Fan, Chairman of the Management Committee of the American Academy of Film Arts, put forward the idea of awarding the Golden Award (1928).

● The film Light of New York was released in full voice dialogue (1928).

● Lei Company was established (1928)

Walter Disney created Mickey Mouse (1928).

● The first Academy Awards were held in February 10, and the awards were held in May 16 at the Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood. The best film is Brave with Iron Wings (1929).

● In the late 1920s, public interest turned to broadcasting, the silent film market became saturated, and French Impressionism declined (1929).

● Internal classification of surrealism (1929)

● Eisenstein went to Hollywood to study audio technology (1929)

● From 1929 to 1937, Soviet films * were in the hands of Schmuyas, who made artists of various formalism conform to the Party's line (1929).

John Gleason, an Englishman, filmed Drifting, which described the life of fishermen, and was well received. He successfully persuaded the British company E MB to set up a film department to fully promote the documentary movement in Britain (1929).

Deciding the script was the basic principle of film creation in 1930s (1930).

● 1930 was widely spread in color negative, and high brightness lighting appeared in color photography, which directly affected the generation of deep focus effect (deep focus photography) and became a feature in the 1940s (1930).

● The studios of Xidian and RCA became the property of Morgan Rockefeller (1930).

Roman Catholics Martin quigley and Daniel Lord drafted the Hollywood Film Bill (1930).

● Sound insulation equipment (sound insulation cover) can directly wrap the camera, and it is not necessary to hide the camera in a manned exhibition hall. The camera can move freely at this point (1930).

● Japanese films can be roughly divided into two categories: contemporary dramas and modern dramas. Important directors include Teinosuke Kinugasa, Kenji Mizoguchi and Yasujirō Ozu (1930).

Important works:

Nosferatu, vampire

1922/ Munao/Germany/black and white

The expressionist film inherited from Doctor Calgary's Cabin is also the first western bloody ghost work in film history. Choose to shoot outdoor natural scenery to contrast the darkness in the castle and create an extremely horrible atmosphere.

Nanuk, North Nanuk

1922/ Rob Flaherty/America/Black and White

The father of American documentary. This work is not a complete documentary. It is based on the Eskimo's role and background experience to naturally develop movies, and the feelings are more lyrical.

Ten Commandments

1923/ stone. Demir/America/Black and White

The biggest stunt in the whole film is the stunt shot in which Moses divides the Red Sea into two halves. This film made Shi Si Demir an authority on big-screen movies.

Battleship Bojiangjin

1925/ Eisenstein/Russia/black and white

Each picture stays on the screen for the right number of seconds rhythmically, which produces different meanings through the comparison of different shots. Eisenstein montage of collision's best performance.

general

1926/ buster keaton/USA/black and white

The film concept and directing skills are very complicated, which is Keaton's masterpiece.

metropolis

1926/ Fritz Lang/German/black and white

Fritz Lang's masterpiece in Germany is a profound political fable film. Among them, the picture of the future world became the imitation object of many science fiction movies later.

mother

1926/ pudovkin/Russia/black and white

Compared with Eisenstein's Soviet Russia and movie master, pudovkin's montage theory is "accumulation montage".

Napoleon Napoleon

1927/ Abel Ganges/France/black and white

The first use of triple screen made great contribution to film technology.

Dogs in Andalusia, China

1929/ Louis bunuel/French/black and white

The origin of surrealist films.

193 1~ 1940

● After the preparation stage of the audio film is completed, a general picture of Hollywood appears (1932).

● Most American film companies have close relations with cinemas (1932).

● Venice Film Festival started on August 6th, which is the first film festival in film history (1932).

● The star system is fully operational, and the studio system (American studio era) continues to develop. Economic recession failed to fully invest in technology (such as color and sound) (1933)

● The film industry was hit by the economic downturn for the first time, with box office and products plummeting. Coping measures of film industry: Two films are released together to tide over the crisis (1933)

● Hollywood film bill passed and implemented (1933)

Doris Yazno's Christopher Strong describes the story of a female pilot who got pregnant before marriage and committed suicide. Female directors were unique in the classical Hollywood period, and independent female images often appeared in movies. However, due to the Hollywood atmosphere at that time, many endings were not good (1933).

● Film companies survived the recession and began to make money (1935)

● The emergence of colorful special arts made the arc lamp come out again. In the mid-1930s, the cost of color special art was reduced, and large factories were only used in "blockbusters". For example, Li's Vanity World is a full-color drama (1935).

● Flowserve Company merged with Twentieth Century Company to form Twentieth Century Flowserve Company (1935).

● The main stock sources of the eight major film companies are Morgan and Rockefeller (1936).

● Britain made 225 films, which was the second most prolific country in the world at that time (1936).

● The United States tried to shoot in black and white with high-cost color negative, and finally succeeded (1939).

When World War II broke out, about 40,000 American performing artists joined the army, and military activities and morale-boosting films flourished in the domestic market, while the production of drama films decreased (1939).

● On September 1 day, the first Cannes Film Festival was held, and art films were affirmed at the World Film Festival. Important directors in this period include Jean Reno, Karl Dreier and Louis bunuel (1939).

Important works:

Bright Lights, Brilliant Minds: A Tale of Three Cities

193 1/ Charlie Chaplin/USA/black and white

Reproduction of the essential connotation of Chaplin's works.

Frankenstein, Frankenstein

193 1/ James Wheeler/USA/Black and White

During the studio period, Universal Studios made horror films the most popular, and this film was a masterpiece at that time.

facial scar

1932/ Howard Hawkes/USA/Black and White

Warner is best known for its gangster movies.

one-night stand

1934/ frank capra/USA/black and white

The first Grand Slam film in Oscar history (winning best film, director, screenwriter, hero and heroine) is also a masterpiece of American neurotic comedy.

silk hat

1935/ USA/black and white

American musical films were very popular in 1930s, and their birthplace was China. This is the work of Frestein, the most famous dancer under Lei at that time, and Logis, the golden sister.

Soow White and Seven

1937/ Walter Disney/USA/color

The first animated feature film.

game rule

1939/ Jean Reno/French/black and white

The style is sly and ironic, and the scenes are full, describing the story of love and morality.

omnibus

1939/ john ford/USA/black and white

John ford reached the second peak of his own westerns.

194 1~ 1950

At the age of 26, orson welles finished his first feature film The Great Citizen, which described the emptiness and dark side of the great man's heart. The technique is novel and unique, and it won the Best Film of the New York Film Critics Association and nine Oscar nominations, which has a great influence in the film history. ( 194 1)

"Neo-realism" is a term defined by Italian film critic Embert Barbaro when discussing the Italian film of 1942 (19 42).

● In Mussolini's time, movies were under the jurisdiction of his younger brother. "White Telephone Movie" (1942) is mainly composed of historical court movies and sensational upper-class pop dramas.

● After Mussolini 1943 stepped down, many directors began to shoot films that could reflect social reality, forming a new realism movement (1943).

The government supported American aid, and the neo-realism movement was maintained. Before 1948, this movement was closely related to the government and less interfered by censorship (1943).

● 1945 After World War II, countries stopped shooting political propaganda films. European films declined because of the war, which made American films dominate the market. The Soviet Union and other * * * producing countries emphasize nationalist films because the Cold War no longer exists in western countries, and films have regained their artistic characteristics.

● 1945 Because the film studio was destroyed by the war, the audio equipment was extremely scarce. Therefore, the new realistic scene scheduling uses a lot of realistic exterior scenes, and the photographic quality is close to that of rough documentaries.

● The "Investigation Committee on Non-American Activities" began a political investigation on Hollywood from 1947, which triggered the "Ten Gentlemen" incident. The classic model of Hollywood is gradually challenged by real life.

● From 1947 to 1957, the French government assisted movies by means of compulsory quotas and loans. International cooperation is also very welcome (1947)

● In the late 1940s, tapes replaced records, and the method of electronic music processing (splicing) appeared (1948).

● After the war, the US Supreme Court made a final ruling on Paramount's bill which took many years, stipulating that film companies must sell their cinemas (1948).

● MGM announced salary reduction and mass layoffs (1949)

● Blacklist period of "Ten Gentlemen in Hollywood" of the Committee for Non-American Activities (1949)

The "film noir" in the United States from the late 1940s to the early 1950s was the product of gloomy and paranoid atmosphere at that time (1949).

● Yashuk of France put forward the "camera pen theory". Ten years later, the new wave of France came true, and this theory was used to make movies. French directors of the new wave, such as Zufu and Gundam, met at the film festival. ( 1949)

On the one hand, Kurosawa's Rashomon is deeply exposed to the skills and styles of western films, on the other hand, it still develops and innovates from Japanese traditions (1950).

Important works:

fantasy

1940/ Walter Disney/USA/color

Disney's animated films have changed the subordinate position of music in movies.

Citizen Kane

194 1/ Orson Wells/USA/Black and White

Orson welles's directorial debut made deep focus photography the standard technology in Hollywood in the past decade. meanwhile

Film critics voted for the first place in the top ten movies in film history.

Maltese falcon: The Battle of Owl's Nest in wyndell dichinson.

194 1/ Howard Hawkes/USA/Black and White

The recognized film noir originated from Dash hammett's novel of the same name.

Dialogue between opponents and enemies

1942/ visconti/Italy/black and white

It had a great influence on post-war Italian neo-realism, and was adapted from a novel by American novelist James Ken, which was banned from being shown in the United States by MGM because of copyright issues.

"undefended city" Open City

1945/ Rossellini/Italy/black and white

The first Italian neo-realism masterpiece that caused international shock and concern after the war.

The story of a thief stealing a bicycle.

1946/ Corsica/Italy/black and white

The most outstanding symbol in Italian new realistic movies. Using non-professional actors, and in the process of father and son looking for stolen bicycles, many surrounding social phenomena were inserted. 196 1~ 1970

Jean-Husch, a French anthropologist, filmed The Chronicle of Summer, using portable recording equipment and photographic equipment to create a new documentary shooting style: "real movies". One of the highlights of the film is "capturing real experiments" (196 1).

● Robert Zhu of the United States set up Zhu's company, adopted multi-machine operation, followed the subjects for a long time, and created the documentary "direct cinema" style (196 1).

● The German director who shot the short film published the Oberhausen Declaration: Short film is a training and experimental place for feature films. This declaration is not based on creation or theory, but on creating a good production environment (1962).

● The Young German Film Office provides interest-free loans to support young directors to make films, such as Kruger and Schlendorf. However, the film industry protested against unfair tutoring and then used half of this budget to fund commercial films. During this period, most film distribution channels in Germany were controlled by American businessmen (1964).

● Each director has his own production company, which is gradually absorbed by big companies (1964).

Most historians believe that by 1964, the formal features of the new wave gradually disappeared, and foreign countries began to imitate tom jones, such as Minnie Richardson of Britain, and the movement dried up (1964) (France).

In the mid-1960s, American feminists began to shoot documentaries, based on their own experiences, trying to find the origin of feminist movement or highlight neglected female achievements.

By the mid-1960s, the revolution of widescreen movies had been as thorough as the sound revolution in 1960s+0930s, and widescreen, like sound, had become the aesthetic foundation of a new generation of movies (1965).

● Institutions similar to American AFI have existed in Europe for a long time, which has played a considerable supporting role in the development of domestic films.

● Gulf and Western companies acquire Paramount, and American companies absorb Lianmei. (1966) (USA)

Ousmane Sambin of Senegal filmed the first feature film Black Girl in Africa (1966).

Eliot Hyman Eliot Hyman acquired Warner (1967) (USA)

● In the late 1960s, "real movies" and "direct cinemas" were widely accepted by the public, and TV channels became the main screening channels and sources of funds for documentaries.

● In winter, Andre Marlowe, Minister of Culture of Charles de Gaulle's government, took the place of Henry Langwa, a French film club, and demonstrated in February (1968) (France) under the leadership of Gundam and Chuff.