Please introduce an infectious disease, such as SARS or AIDS.

Please introduce an infectious disease, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (formerly known as atypical pneumonia), which has become a worldwide epidemic. The epidemic has spread all over the world. According to WHO statistics, as of April 14, the number of SARS cases in the world has accumulated to 2 1 country 3 169, with deaths 144. Especially in Chinese mainland (14 18 cases with 64 deaths) and hongkong (1 190 cases with 47 deaths).

This is a syndrome, not a specific diagnosis. Pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by other reasons must be checked and ruled out first.

At present, SARS cases are mainly transmitted by droplets, and most of the infected people are relatives who have close contact with the cases and medical staff who are responsible for nursing. Its main symptoms are fever, dry cough, headache, muscle pain and respiratory infection.

Clinical symptoms of SARS

According to the WHO announcement, the clinical symptoms of SARS are as follows: most of them occur at the age of 25 ~ 70, and a few patients are younger than 15. The incubation period is usually 2 to 7 days, but it may be as long as 10 days. The disease usually begins with fever (> 38℃), usually high temperature, sometimes chills and chills; Fashion is accompanied by other symptoms, including headache, burnout and muscle pain. Some patients will have mild respiratory symptoms when they get sick. There is usually no rash and neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, but some patients will have diarrhea when they have a fever. After 3 ~ 7 days, the patient entered the lower respiratory tract and began to cough without phlegm, or hypoxemia occurred due to dyspnea. There are 10 ~ 20% patients whose respiratory diseases are so serious that intubation and ventilator are necessary. The mortality rate of those who meet the current definition of suspected and suspected SARS cases in the World Health Organization is about 4%.

The risk of infection in the incubation period (2 to 10 days) and the prophase (1 2 days) is quite low. When the symptoms appear completely, the risk of infection is the greatest (lower respiratory period), especially when severe cough, shortness of breath and hypoxemia occur. 90% patients will have flu-like symptoms for about 6-7 days during their illness, and then fully recover.

◎ How is SARS spread?

A. Aerosol spreads through mucus or other body fluids.

Dr Julie Gerberding, an official in charge of the CDC, said that in fact, most cases were infected through contact with patients at home, or medical staff had close contact with infected people or their body fluids, which indicated that SARS was spread through droplets of mucus or other body fluids. It is very difficult to identify droplets, which must be very close to droplets and have a certain spread range. For the sake of safety, CDC advises medical staff and others to wear masks when they are in close contact with patients, and according to the treatment guidelines, suspected SARS patients must be isolated. At present, cases are mainly caused by close contact with people infected with SARS. Close contact refers to contact or contact with the patient's body secretions (nose, urine, feces).

B. airborne

The possible transmission pipeline is only far away from the above droplet infection.

C. fecal-oral route

Possible transmission channels, the case transmission in garden club, Amoy, Hong Kong may be closely related to this.

◎ What pathogen caused it?

According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), "coronavirus" was isolated by cell culture, but its characteristics are obviously different from the other three known genera of Coronaviridae, and it is likely to be classified as the fourth genus. The virus also appeared in lung and kidney tissues of patients in non-recovery period; Three patients who were able to obtain serum in acute phase and recovery phase were identified as "non-existent" and "existent" antibodies respectively. These evidences quite support the hypothesis that novel coronavirus is the pathogen of SARS.

The SARS storm swept the world, which has been proved to be caused by the variation of coronavirus. Parents should understand that the severity of SARS will increase or decrease with the variation of coronavirus. At present, the Department of Health has asked the United States to test and control the virus. As long as the gene sequencing and comparison are completed, the suspected infected person can be diagnosed correctly and the panic of SARS can be eliminated. Recently, the CDC of the United States completed the sequencing of the SARS virus gene map.

There are about 20,000 to 27,000 pairs of coronavirus genomes, and the Department of Health takes the key 400 pairs of genomes as "primers". It is found that the coronavirus of SARS is different from the common human coronavirus, and the degree of variation is 30% to 40%, but the report in the United States says that the degree of variation is 50% to 60%.

How to determine the diagnosis of SARS?

SARS is a new infectious disease, and its diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, clinical and laboratory test data, not just the results of a single test.

1. Chest X-ray:

Chest X-ray examination may be normal during the precursor symptoms of fever and even the whole process. However, in most patients, the respiratory phase is characterized by early regional infiltration to more extensive, patchy and interstitial infiltration. Some chest X-rays of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the late stage can show local parenchyma.

2. Laboratory inspection:

In the early stage of the disease, the number of lymphocytes usually decreases, and the total number of white blood cells is generally normal or decreased. When respiratory diseases are the most serious, more than half of patients will have leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, or the platelet count is normal but slightly lower (5-65438+ million/microliter).

So far, there is no detection method for the final diagnosis of SARS cases in the world, and from the detection results of related SARS cases at home and abroad, some cases show the phenomenon of coexistence of multiple pathogens, so it is not appropriate to take the detection results of coronavirus molecules as the basis for "confirmed cases" and its prevention and control measures before fully understanding the pathogenic mechanism.

◎ Can you recover? How to treat it?

The vast majority of cases (96%) successfully passed the observation period and recovered completely without respiratory complications. Treatment methods include various antibiotics to treat known bacterial atypical pneumonia. In many areas, antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir or ribavirin, oral or intravenous steroids, and other antimicrobial drugs are used together. The use of immunoglobulin has also been recorded in Taiwan Province province. But so far, the most effective treatment has not been found.

The mortality rate is about 4%, especially those over 40 years old or with potential diseases (such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, chronic lung disease), which are more likely to lead to death.

Who should be isolated at home? What should I pay attention to?

Only people who have been in contact with SARS patients should be isolated at home, even if they have no symptoms. From the first day of contact to the tenth day, you should be isolated at home.

Isolation at home should take the following precautions:

Stay at home, don't leave home, and don't let anyone visit you. There is no need to isolate family members unless they are diagnosed with SARS.

Please wear a mask when you are in the same room with another family member.

* Change masks as instructed. Family members do not need to wear masks.

* Please don't * * use personal items such as towels, cups or tableware with others.

* Wash your hands often.

* Sleep in separate rooms.

* During these ten days, take your temperature twice a day. Don't use the thermometer with other family members.

* If any family member has a fever (over 38℃ or 100.4℉), muscle aches, fatigue, dry cough, shortness of breath, severe headache or feels unwell, please call the Department of Health immediately.

Is chicken pox an infectious disease? Chickenpox is common in children aged 2 ~ 10. This is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease. Chickenpox usually occurs in winter and spring, and often causes epidemic in kindergartens or primary schools.

The pathogen of varicella is varicella-zoster virus, which exists in patients' blood, herpes serosa and oral secretions. It is mainly transmitted by droplets through the respiratory tract, and it may also be infected by contact with dust, clothes and utensils contaminated by viruses. In other words, healthy children may be infected and get sick if they often play, talk and have close contact with children with chickenpox. Therefore, once you have chickenpox, you should pay attention to isolation. Before you are completely cured, don't go to kindergarten or school. Even children who have had contact with chickenpox patients should be observed in isolation for 2 ~ 3 weeks. Because you don't get sick immediately after being infected with the virus, you usually need an incubation period of 14 ~ 17 days, which can reach 3 weeks for the elderly.

Chickenpox is highly contagious, and patients are the only source of infection. About 90% of children who come into contact with it will get sick. In addition, it is contagious from the day before the onset to the dry scab of all rashes.

The onset is more acute, and there may be systemic symptoms such as fever, burnout and loss of appetite. Adults are more obvious than children, and rashes usually appear within 1 ~ 2 days. It first occurs in the trunk and gradually extends to the head, face and limbs, showing a centripetal distribution, that is, there are more trunks, fewer facial limbs and fewer palms and soles. At first, it was a small red pimple, and after a few hours, it turned into a blister the size of mung bean, and the surrounding area was flushed. Blisters are clear water droplets at first, with thin and fragile walls and itching. After 2 ~ 3 days, the scab shaft healed without leaving scars. Within 3 ~ 5 days of onset, rashes appear in batches, so papules, blisters, scabs and other skin lesions in different periods can occur at the same time, and the course of disease is about 2 ~ 3 weeks.

Oral cavity, conjunctiva, pharynx, vulva and other mucous membranes are occasionally damaged, often forming ulcers accompanied by pain.

The more reckless the better. As long as it conforms to the general rash law, it is normal to have a rash more or less. If the blister is infected by bacteria after being scratched, gangrene of the panel may occur and even septicemia may occur. In addition, a few patients may have complications such as varicella pneumonia, encephalitis, myocarditis and fulminant purpura.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that this disease is caused by exogenous heat toxin and damp heat accumulated in the skin.

Is hepatitis B an infectious disease? Yes ~

Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through blood, body fluids and sex. Healthy people can check whether they have hepatitis B by checking the five items of hepatitis B.

Transmission through blood: such as transfusion of whole blood, plasma, serum or other blood products. Tropical and subtropical mosquitoes and various blood-sucking insects may spread hepatitis B virus.

Mother-to-child transmission: pregnant women are carriers of hepatitis B, which is directly transmitted to newborns through the birth canal.

Transmission of body fluids: If medical equipment is contaminated by hepatitis B virus, it will be infected due to incomplete disinfection or improper handling. The spread of sexual contact. Long-term close contact with hepatitis B patients or carriers, such as saliva, urine, blood, bile, milk, etc., will cause pollution and spread hepatitis B.

Laziness is an infectious disease. In people's minds, it seems that laziness is not a good thing, and one should not be lazy. However, sometimes laziness is not a bad thing.

Lazy people are often people who enjoy themselves. Today, many people think they are very tired and complain that life is too stressful. These people are busy with their work from morning till night, and they are undoubtedly hardworking people. Look at those lazy people, they can always take some time out of their busy work to rest and enjoy. For example, go for a walk in the park to get rid of busy work; Soak a cup of green tea and indulge in the fragrance of tea; Read a novel and let your mind wander in the ocean of knowledge ... I once read a fable in a book: once upon a time, there was a man who was busy all day, so he prayed to God to relax himself. So God asked him to walk with a very lazy person every morning. The next day, the man found the very lazy man and left with him as God told him. The lazy man walked slowly, while the hardworking man followed him all the time. Finally, the man lost patience and began to shout at the lazy man, "Why are you walking so slowly?" The lazy man ignored him and just kept walking. The man was very unhappy, so he complained to God, "God, why?" Why do you want me to go with this lazy man? "No one responded. Hard-working people have no choice but to continue to follow him. Suddenly, the industrious man heard the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers, and he also saw the beautiful scenery of the rising sun. This person is puzzled: Why did he pass by this beautiful park before and didn't hear the beautiful birds singing, smell the refreshing flowers and pay attention to the beautiful sunrise? From then on, he went to that beautiful park for a slow walk every day, and he didn't feel busy anymore. Later, he became a veritable "lazy man". Laziness is sometimes not a bad thing. Laziness can slow you down and make you enjoy life more.

Lazy people can often become talents. Most inventions are made out of laziness. For example, cars were invented because people didn't want to walk more; Another example is the vacuum cleaner, which was invented because people didn't want to sweep the floor. Another example is the harvester. Because people don't want to cut wheat bit by bit, they invented the harvester ... There are many such inventions. It is said that 100 years ago, there was a boy named Humphrey who was asked to let out waste steam whenever the joystick was under the bridge. He was lazy, so he installed some wires and bolts on the machine so that the valve could open and close automatically. Therefore, he discovered the principle of reciprocating piston. It can be seen that laziness is sometimes not a bad thing. It can stimulate invention and promote human progress. For example, the law of free fall was invented by people who didn't want to be so troublesome to measure; So is the discovery of the speed of sound.

Laziness is sometimes not a bad thing. It can make people enjoy life, stimulate invention and promote human progress. Let your mind be lazy and your life be lazy. ...

The spread and prevention of infectious diseases AIDS is a virus that can attack the human immune system. It takes the most important T lymphocytes in the human immune system as its main target, destroys it in large quantities, and makes the human body lose its immune function. Therefore, the human body is susceptible to various diseases, malignant tumors can occur, and the mortality rate is very high. Aids patients were once feared and guarded.

In fact, the route of transmission of AIDS is very simple, mainly in blood, droplets and body fluids. Therefore, people should not discriminate against AIDS patients.

At present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures. The method is as follows:

1. Adhere to integrity, do not engage in prostitution, and avoid premarital and extramarital sex.

2. Do not take drugs and do not share syringes with others.

Do not transfuse blood and use blood products without authorization, but use them under the guidance of a doctor.

4. Don't borrow or * * use personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and razors.

Using condoms is one of the most effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sexual life.

6. Avoid direct contact with blood, * *, milk and urine of AIDS patients, and cut off its transmission route.

Is sinusitis an infectious disease? Sinusitis is not an infectious disease. Mucosal inflammation of maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus and sphenoid sinus is collectively called sinusitis. Sinusitis is a nonspecific inflammation of nasal mucosa, and it is a common and frequently-occurring disease in rhinology. Sinusitis is a common disease, which can be divided into acute and chronic. Acute suppurative sinusitis is mostly secondary to acute rhinitis, characterized by nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge and headache. Chronic suppurative sinusitis is often secondary to acute suppurative sinusitis, with purulent nasal discharge as the main manifestation, which may be accompanied by nasal congestion, headache and olfactory disturbance. Usually pay attention to exercise, combine work and rest, dress appropriately, breathe fresh air more, avoid dry nose, and don't drop nasal medicine easily. Timely diagnosis and treatment of nasal lesions, adjacent lesions infection needs treatment.

Is vitiligo an infectious disease? Hello, vitiligo is a color-changing change caused by regional panel melanin metabolism disorder. It has no pathogen and is not contagious, so vitiligo is not contagious.

Hello, I'm glad to answer your question.

First answer: Vitiligo is a pigmented panel disease caused by melanin loss. There are dozens of causes of vitiligo, such as mental stress, decreased immunity, endocrine disorders, heredity, infection and so on. Vitiligo is a pigmented facial disease caused by acquired melanin deficiency. Infection is a parasitic process of pathogens to others, but vitiligo is not a disease caused by pathogens, so it is not contagious.

Warm reminder: As normal people, we should take the initiative to communicate with patients, understand them, help them build up confidence and let them recover as soon as possible. If the patient is your relative, please remind him to go to a regular specialized hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible, so as to prevent the spread of vitiligo and obtain better curative effect.

Is hepatitis B an infectious disease? Hepatitis B virus carriers are contagious. People should pay attention to 1 in their daily life. Foods that patients with liver diseases should eat: a light and nutritious diet, eating more fresh fruits, bean products, vegetables, lean meat and freshwater fish. Food containing high quality protein should be eaten, but not too much. Trace elements and vitamins related to liver function should be supplemented. 2. Foods that patients with liver disease should not eat: seafood, beef and mutton, animal viscera and pigs. Duck, carp, pumpkin, potato, bamboo shoots, etc. (Less use) 3. When taking Chinese medicine, you should not eat the following foods: mung bean, white radish and tea. 4. Taboo for patients with liver disease: avoid smoking, alcohol, too many sweets and spicy food, don't blindly tonic, avoid greasy food, and flirt with fried food: be optimistic. But you shouldn't overwork yourself. You shouldn't often stay up late. Although the infectivity of Xiao Sanyang is not as strong as that of Da Sanyang, its damage to the liver itself is still very serious, which is more likely to cause liver fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the virus replication of patients with small sanyang is not as active as that of patients with large sanyang, the probability of patients with small sanyang developing cirrhosis is 40 times that of ordinary patients, which must be paid attention to.

Is hyperthyroidism an infectious disease? Analysis: According to your description, it can be considered as hyperthyroidism. Suggestion: Hello, hyperthyroidism is not an infectious disease. After the diagnosis, under the condition that hyperthyroidism has not been controlled, try to get the full understanding and close cooperation of patients and arrange the diet reasonably, which requires a diet with high calorie, high protein, high vitamins and low iodine. Relax your spirit; Proper rest and avoiding heavy physical activity are necessary and cannot be ignored.