Was Apollo really a fat liar when he landed on the moon more than 40 years ago?

It's not a scam. July 2, 20091day is the 40th anniversary of Apollo manned landing on the moon. Looking back on this period of history, people feel that this is a great achievement of human science and technology and a great feat. However, a "conspiracy theory" questioning that Apollo's landing on the moon is a big lie of NASA is spreading more and more widely. In fact, this statement is very fragile and not worth refuting. Perhaps this "conspiracy theory" itself is another kind of "conspiracy", an alternative way to attract public attention to the scientific and technological progress in the past 40 years and publicize the great achievements of the United States manned landing on the moon for a long time. Great feat in human history! From 65438 to 0957, the former Soviet Union successfully launched the world's first artificial earth satellite, announcing the arrival of the human space age. Since 1958, the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, have launched fierce competition in the field of lunar exploration and manned landing in order to compete for space hegemony and cold war confrontation. 1958, the United States launched four pioneer series lunar probes, and the former Soviet Union launched three lunar probes, but all failed. 1959, the United States and the Soviet Union launched six lunar probes, and the former Soviet Union realized the hard landing and overflight of the moon, and obtained the photos of the back of the moon for the first time. Subsequently, the United States and the Soviet Union successively realized the exploration of the orbiter around the moon and the soft landing of the lander and lunar rover. Facing the leading edge of the former Soviet Union in the lunar exploration competition, in order to defeat the former Soviet Union in one fell swoop, 196 1 year, then US President Kennedy proposed in the 1960s to send American astronauts to the moon within1year. Before the implementation of manned landing on the moon, the United States launched 4 1 lunar probes, carried out systematic lunar exploration activities, carried out manned flight around the moon and lunar module landing tests, accelerated the development of Saturn V high-thrust rocket and Apollo manned spacecraft, and made full scientific, technical and engineering preparations for manned landing on the moon. The total investment of "Apollo" project was about US$ 25.4 billion (equivalent to US$ 654.38 billion+036 billion in 2005 considering the price increase factor), which was the largest investment giant science project at that time. More than 20,000 enterprises, more than 200 universities and more than 80 research institutions participated in the Apollo program, and the total number of people involved in the development work exceeded 400,000. 1969 July 16 "Apollo" 1 1 was launched, which lasted for 5 days. At 4 o'clock on July 2 1 day, Beijing time, the lander landed in the Jinghai area of the moon. Neil? Armstrong and AI? Aldrin's two astronauts set foot on the surface of the moon one after another, creating a new era for human beings to land on another celestial body for the first time and realizing a great pioneering work in human history. Armstrong's words when he landed on the moon-"This is a small step for me, but a big step for mankind" have become famous sayings that have been passed down to this day. "Apollo" program achieved six manned landings on the moon, 12 American astronauts landed on the moon, carried out systematic scientific investigations and experiments on the moon, installed detection facilities, and collected 38 1.7 kilograms of lunar soil and rock samples. The appearance and implementation of the Apollo program produced a large number of high-tech industrial groups such as liquid fuel rockets, microwave radars, radio guidance, synthetic materials, and high-performance electronic computers. In the 1960s and 1970s, it promoted the scientific and technological development and industrial prosperity of the whole United States. The "Apollo" program has spawned more than 3,000 applied technology achievements, involving aerospace, military, communications, materials, medical and health care, computers and other aspects of science and technology. Through the secondary development and application of these achievements, great economic and social benefits have been achieved. According to incomplete statistics in the early 1970s, the input-output ratio of Apollo program was 1︰4.5. At the beginning of this century, Chase Institute in the United States calculated the input-output ratio1~14. Therefore, "Apollo" plan is a great plan to lead scientific and technological progress and promote industrial prosperity, which has great political, economic and social benefits. The implementation of "Apollo" plan has greatly promoted the formation of a complete and systematic understanding of the origin and evolution of the moon and earth-moon system, the lunar surface environment, topography, geological structure, chemical composition and rock types, internal structure and the prospect of resource development and utilization, and played an irreplaceable role in the formation of a new lunar science system. The Apollo program has promoted the rapid development and deepening of many disciplines such as lunar science, comparative planetology, the origin and evolution of the solar system, and space science. "Apollo" project is the largest and most extensive great scientific project in human history, leading the development of science and technology, promoting a series of high-tech breakthroughs and innovations, promoting industrial prosperity, improving the level of management science and cultivating a grand team of scientific and technological talents. It also embodies the scientific spirit of human beings who dare to explore, take risks and climb, which is a great feat. A shocking scam that is widely questioned? Since Apollo 1 1 two American astronauts landed on the moon, with the progress of the Apollo program, there has been a "conspiracy theory" voice questioning Apollo's manned landing on the moon, which has been widely circulated and even rampant. The "conspiracy theory" lists a large number of "evidences" and holds that the Apollo 1 1 moon landing event is a complete lie and a conspiracy of NASA. The astronauts in Apollo 1 1 spacecraft never landed on the moon. The photos of astronauts landing on the moon were taken in the military restricted zone "5 1" in the desert of Nevada, USA, or in a photo studio for forgery. American Bill Cassin published a book "We have never been to the moon" ("We have never been to the moon"), which listed many skeptical arguments. Through media hype, 1979, about 6% of the American public believed in "conspiracy theories", and 1 1999 was 0%, and now it has risen to 22% (about 60 million people). With the spread of "conspiracy theory" on the Internet, there are more and more believers in various countries. The proponents of the Apollo conspiracy theory "carefully evaluated" the videos and photos released by NASA and found many unexplained and even contradictory loopholes. The typical "argument" is as follows: 1. The American flag inserted by astronauts on the surface of the moon "flutters with the wind" in the video. The American flag inserted by astronauts in the lunar soil is uneven on the surface and slightly curled at the edge, which seems to have been "fluttering with the wind". They questioned that the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the moon is11014 of the atmospheric pressure of the earth, and it is in an ultra-high vacuum state, so there can be no wind. The national flag can't fly in the wind on the moon, so it can only be filmed in the studio. In fact, astronauts brought an American flag made of plastic to the moon. Because the flagpole was too long to be placed in the cabin of the Apollo spacecraft, they had to roll it up and tie it to the leg of the landing module. After the astronauts stepped out of the lander, they took off the flagpole and pulled open the crossbar. The national flag opens like an umbrella, but it is uneven and slightly curled at the edge. The astronauts grasped the vertical pole hard and inserted it into the lunar soil. After flying, the flagpole shakes, driving the flag to swing and become a flag fluttering in the wind. Because the surface of the moon is ultra-high vacuum and there is no damping caused by air medium, the vibrating flagpole can swing for a long time, which just proves that the American flag is inserted on the surface of the moon in ultra-high vacuum. Second, there are no bright stars in the dark sky. The moon has no atmosphere and no air medium that scatters light. The sky is black, but the stars in the sky should be bright. All the photos and videos provided by NASA can only see the dark night sky, but not the stars. Conspiracy theorists believe that it is obvious that all photos and videos were not taken on the moon, but forged in the studio. In fact, the dark sky photographed by astronauts on the surface of the moon at that time was filmed with film. Because of the strong reflection of sunlight on the surface of the moon during the day, it is impossible to take pictures of the stars in the sky because the exposure time must be very short under the background of strong light source on the surface of the moon. This dark sky, without stars, is strong evidence of shooting on the moon. Third, astronauts appeared multiple shadows near the lunar module. The "conspiracy theory" puts forward that there is only one light source on the surface of the moon-the sun, but the astronauts have multiple shadows, indicating that they were filmed under the light of the studio. In fact, the shape of the lunar module is a very uneven polyhedron, and the surface of the moon is uneven. Therefore, the reflection of sunlight from the lunar module and the lunar surface is multi-directional, including specular reflection from many directions and diffuse reflection from the lunar surface, which makes the astronauts have multiple shadows, which just shows that the photos were taken on the lunar surface. Similarly, it can also explain why astronauts are in the shadow of the lunar module, but their spacesuits are still bright; The so-called "weird" phenomenon, such as why when the astronaut stepped down the gangway, the sun was shining from behind, but his chest was bright. The "Goddess of the Moon" probe launched in 2007 found no trace of Apollo landing on the moon. Recently, "conspiracy theorists" even obtained "hard evidence". They proposed that the Japanese lunar exploration satellite "Moon Goddess" launched in 2007 passed through the landing areas of Apollo 15 and 17. No lunar rover and lander left on the moon by Apollo 15 and Apollo 17 were found, and no traces of human activities were found, which proved that Apollo 15 and Apollo 17 never landed on the moon. This report was spread by major media, causing heated discussion. For a time, public opinion agreed that Apollo manned landing on the moon was a "conspiracy." In response to media questions, a spokesman for NASA said that some black patches found by the "Moon Goddess" in the Apollo landing zone were traces of human activities. However, this vague answer is pale and powerless, and it can't quell angry doubts. As we all know, Japan's lunar exploration satellite "Moon Goddess" is a three-star rocket, including a main satellite and two sub-satellites. The main satellite is named "Hui (the moon goddess in ancient Japanese legend, similar to Chang 'e in China legend)", and the two sub-satellites are named after Hui's adoptive parents "Weng" and "Yi" respectively. The main satellite "Hui Ye Ji" took photos, with the flying orbit height of 100km, but the spatial resolution of the CCD camera on the satellite was 10 m, and the moon objects larger than 50-60 m can be distinguished from the photos. However, the lander and lunar rover of Apollo 15 and 17 are about 2 ~ 3 meters in size, so it is impossible to show the traces of lunar rover and lander in the photos of "Hui Ye Ji". Conspiracy? The makers of "conspiracy theory" believe that "Apollo" manned landing on the moon is completely false and the biggest scientific scam in the 20th century. They believe that the reason why NASA wants to create lies and deceive the public is to create an illusion and defeat the former Soviet Union in one fell swoop; Another purpose is to divert the attention of the American public and cover up the predicament of the Apollo program, which cost a lot but still failed. But unfortunately, the "scientific arguments" listed in the "conspiracy theory" of Apollo manned landing on the moon are so fragile that they are not worth refuting, and some of them are still vulgar. The public who know a little about the moon can also explain it clearly through serious thinking. If NASA creates a scam for a long time, how can we control the 20,000 enterprises, more than 200 universities, more than 80 research institutes and more than 400,000 scientific and technological personnel involved in the Apollo program to maintain this scam for 40 years? How can we keep KGB spies in the former Soviet Union silent for a long time without being exposed? What's more, scientists from many countries in the world (including China) have studied the moon samples collected by Apollo astronauts, but no one has come forward to question them, only "conspiracy theorists" are clamoring endlessly. Perhaps the makers of the "conspiracy theory" of Apollo manned landing on the moon are creating another "conspiracy". They constantly put forward some specious "arguments" and spread them widely, creating round after round of ups and downs, arousing the public's appetite, arousing the public's interest in science, and making the public pay no less attention to Apollo's landing on the moon and American scientific progress after a lapse of 40 years, thus improving. Perhaps they have publicized the great achievements of manned landing on the moon in a unique, ingenious and positive way for a long time.