These 60 photography must-see terms have never been lost.

These 60 photography must-see terms have never been lost.

1, exposure, exposure is what we usually call "the brightness of a photo", that is, the amount of light entering the lens and shining on the photosensitive element will be affected by aperture, shutter and sensitivity. In addition to the influence of the three elements of exposure, we can also adjust the exposure of photos by adjusting the exposure compensation. Common exposure situations are: normal exposure, underexposure, overexposure and accurate exposure.

2. Aperture. An aperture is a device that controls the amount of light entering a camera. It consists of a group of blades that can be opened and closed (the larger the opening of the blades, the smaller the size of the central aperture and the less light entering). The aperture is represented by f on the camera, and the value of f is opposite to the aperture. The larger the f value, the smaller the aperture, the less light entering and the darker the photo. The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture, the more light entering and the brighter the photo.

3. Shutter. Shutter is also a device to control the amount of light entering the camera. It can be understood as a device to control the exposure time by controlling the length of time that light enters the camera. Shutter is measured by the speed (seconds) of the camera. The larger the shutter value, the longer the exposure time and the brighter the photo. The smaller the shutter value, the shorter the exposure value and the darker the photo.

4, ISO, sensitivity is a numerical value used to judge the sensitivity of the camera sensor to light, which is expressed by ISO on the camera. For example, the greater the ISO value, the more sensitive the sensor is to light, the brighter the photo, the smaller the ISO value, the less sensitive the sensor is to light and the darker the photo. It should be noted here that the sensitivity is not as high as possible, and the door exposure light will cause the picture quality to be rough! ! !

5, focal length, focal length is the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focusing focus when parallel light is incident, that is, the distance from the center of the camera lens to the center of the sensor. The unit of focal length is millimeters (mm), which is usually marked on the lens of a camera. For example, the focal lengths of 50mm and 18-55mmo can be marked in two ways: one is that a focal length value (for example, 50mm) indicates fixed focus, that is, the focal length cannot be changed, and the other is that a focal length range (for example, 18-55mm) indicates zoom, that is, the focal length can be changed.

6, depth of field, depth of field refers to the distance from the clear part to the blurred part in the photo screen. There are two factors that affect the depth of field: aperture and focal length. The larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field; The smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field. The greater the focal length, the shallower the depth of field; The smaller the focal length, the deeper the depth of field.

7, color temperature, color temperature is the most common indicator of the spectral quality of light sources, we often use K to express, for example, the color temperature of natural light is about 3300 K. The color temperature can show the cold and warm effects under different light. The higher the color temperature, the colder the photo will be. The lower the color temperature, the warmer the photo will be.

8.AWB, white balance can be literally understood as the balance of white, and the deeper explanation of white balance is an index to describe the accuracy of white after the mixture of red, green and blue. The role of white balance in the camera is to restore the original color of the object (let white be white) and adjust the tone. It should be noted here that the white balance in the camera is opposite to the value in reality! ! In a camera, the higher the k value, the warmer the tone. The smaller the k value, the colder the color tone.

9, contrast, contrast refers to the range of differences between the brightest part and the darkest part of the picture, that is, the strength of the light and dark contrast of the photo. If the difference range is large, the picture contrast is large; The difference range is small, and the picture contrast is small.

10, light-dark boundary, light-dark boundary, as the name implies, is the dividing line between the dark part and the bright part of the picture. When we shoot with harsh light, the boundary between light and shade will be obvious, while when we shoot with soft light, the boundary between light and shade will not be obvious.

1 1, defocus, defocus is caused by the equipment itself, so that the expected focal plane does not coincide with the actual imaging focal plane. In short, defocusing means that the focus determined by the camera through the autofocus system is inconsistent with the actual focus when we shoot, and the focus is biased.

12, defocus, defocus is generally caused by external factors such as the accuracy of the focusing system or external light, which means that after the focus is locked, the subject or camera leaves the original position, resulting in focus shift. Defocusing and defocusing are actually similar. Out-of-focus is only applicable to autofocus cameras. It is the moment when the camera's computer presses the shutter after focusing that it makes a misjudgment. A small gesture drives the lens, causing the focus to drift and leave the original position.

13, noise, noise is the rough part of the image produced by the sensor as the received signal output, usually caused by electronic interference.

14, dark corners When we shoot a scene with uniform brightness, the four corners of the picture will become dark. We call this phenomenon "loss of light", commonly known as dark corners for the following reasons:

① There is a large angle between the imaging light at the corner and the optical axis of the lens, which is the main reason for the light loss at the corner.

② There are many telephoto lenses, especially zoom telephoto lenses. In order to let the corner light pass through, the lens far from the aperture must be very large. In order to reduce the cost, the diameter of these lenses is reduced, which leads to the incomplete passage of corner imaging light and reduces the brightness of corners.

(3) The aberration of the angle is large. In order to improve the imaging quality, the edges of some lenses or specially set apertures deliberately block some edge rays that affect the imaging quality, resulting in the loss of light and dark corners, which is inevitable for any lens.

15, the size of the photosensitive element in Quan Huafu and Quan Huafu is 36*24mm, that in half-frame cameras is 22.7* 15.5mm, and that in Quan Huafu is about 2.3 times that in half-frame cameras. Full-frame cameras have wide shooting range, high price, control, workmanship, focusing and continuous shooting, and the reaction degree is very different.

16, storage format. There are two main storage formats for cameras: JPEG format and RAW format. RAW format will retain the detailed parameters when shooting, so it will take up a lot of memory, but it will be convenient to retouch the picture later. However, JPEG format will save less data, occupy less space, and the transmission is very convenient. If you don't have much time to retouch later, just save the JPEG format directly.

17, shooting mode. On the mode dial of the camera, there will be various shooting modes to choose from, among which the most commonly used and common ones are: A+ full automatic mode, P program automatic mode, Av aperture priority mode, TV shutter priority mode and M full manual mode.

A+ automatic mode: In this shooting mode, all parameters do not need to be set by yourself, and the aperture, shutter and sensitivity of the digital camera will be set automatically according to the environmental conditions. This is the easiest shooting mode to operate, but the shooting accuracy will be reduced accordingly.

P program automatic mode: you can set your own sensitivity value. Compared with A+ automatic mode, the shooting accuracy will be higher, which is the shooting mode I recommend to beginners.

Av aperture priority mode: you can set the aperture value yourself, which is suitable for shooting scenes that need a lot of apertures, such as shooting night scenes. In addition, a large aperture can produce a good background blur effect, so you can also use Av mode to shoot close-ups of people.

TV Shutter Priority Mode: You can set the shutter speed by yourself, which is suitable for shooting moving objects (such as athletes and pets), and can also be used for shooting track effects, such as car taillights.

M full manual mode: You can set all the parameters (aperture, shutter and sensitivity) by yourself, so that you can shoot more accurately and get the desired effect. However, M full manual mode is the most difficult shooting mode, which is more difficult for beginners, but you can also try it.

Classification of lens

1, small spittoon, small spittoon is the nickname of Canon EF50mmF/ 1.8 lens. Its large aperture of 1.8 allows it to provide faster shutter speed for shooting in low light environment to ensure the success rate of film production. At present, it is also used to refer to a lens with a focal length of 50 mm

2, biscuit head, biscuit head refers to the SLR lens, the length is very short (that is, very thin), the lens, because it looks like a biscuit, so it got the nickname biscuit head. In order to pursue the ultimate compact size, this kind of lens sacrifices the proportion of the maximum aperture and even the image quality of the lens. Generally, the maximum aperture of biscuit head is only F2.4-2.8.

3. Big ternary lens and big ternary lens refer to the floorboard of three zoom lenses with the maximum aperture constant F2.8. These three lenses are only responsible for super wide angle, standard zoom and telephoto. Together, it can cover the most commonly used focal length from super wide angle to telephoto (Canon and Sony are 16-200mm, Nikon is 14-200mm, and Pentax is 15-200mm). Therefore, they are called ". At the same time, only the top-grade constant aperture lens can be named "Big Ternary".

4. Small ternary lens refers to the floorboard of three zoom lenses with constant F4 aperture. These three lenses are only responsible for super wide angle, standard zoom and telephoto. Together, the two can cover the most commonly used focal length (generally 16-200mm) from super wide angle to telephoto. Therefore, they are called "small ternary". Only a constant aperture lens can be called "small ternary". Canon Small Ternary refers to three constant aperture red circle lenses with a maximum aperture of f4.

5, balance, the visual symmetry of each element in the photo.

6. The light shielding plate, a black metal folding plate, is connected to the reflector to control the width of the light beam.

7. Rebound flash, which bounces the light of the studio or portable flash from various surfaces such as ceiling or wall, so as to realize indirect and shadowless lighting.

8. Eye light is a specular highlight formed by the reflected light in the iris or pupil of the subject's eye.

9, cross lighting, light from the side of the subject through the face, to maximize the effect of skin texture, also known as side light.

10, feathered light, deliberately misaligned with the direction of light, so that the edge of the light beam illuminates the subject.

1 1. Light-filling card, a white bag or silver card with metal sheet on the surface, can reflect light to the shadow area of the subject.

12, flash fill light, a kind of flash use skills, using the light of electronic flash to fill light in the shadow caused by the main light.

13.Shader, a light blocking card that can be placed on a bracket or a boom, placed between the light source and the subject, selectively blocking the light of some scenes!

Classification of light

1, direct light, sunny days, direct sunlight on the subject without any shelter, the light-receiving surface will produce bright colors, while the light-receiving surface will form obvious shadows. This light is called "direct light". Under the "direct light", there will be a very obvious contrast between the light-receiving surface and the non-light-receiving surface, which is easy to produce a three-dimensional sense.

2. Scattered light. On cloudy days, if the sunlight is blocked by clouds, it can't directly hit the subject, and it can only hit the subject through the intermediate medium or through reflection, so the light will have a scattering effect. This light is called "scattered light". Because the ratio of light receiving surface to shadow surface formed by scattered light is not obvious, the contrast between light and shade is not big, and the change of light and shadow is smooth, so the effect is smooth and soft.

Sunlight, which comes from the back of the camera, is called "sunshine". Characteristics of "Guang Shun" lighting: Most of the subjects are direct, the shadow area is not large, and the color of the subjects is relatively clear. The contrast between light and shade formed by this kind of light is weak, and the three-dimensional sense of the object is not reflected by the illumination light, but by its own ups and downs. So the three-dimensional sense is weak.

4. Backlight, the light emitted from the back of the subject is called "backlight". The main body is mostly in the shadow, because the light is weak, so the three-dimensional sense is weak and the color is gloomy. However, "backlight" can be used to sketch the silhouette and outline of an object, and it can also highlight the texture and shape of the object and clearly show the lines of the object. Backlight shooting will produce a strong contrast when the weather is clear.