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Discovery in Germany1901w.c. Roentgen rays (X-rays).

1902 H.A The Discovery and Research of Lorenz Zeeman Effect in the Netherlands

Page (short for page) Zeeman Netherlands

The radioactivity of natural uranium was found in becquerel and France.

P Curie's research on radioactive substances in France found radioactive elements polonium and radium, and thorium is also radioactive.

Madame Curie, France

1904 L. Rayleigh Britain discovered argon when studying gas density.

Leonard's German Cathode Ray Research

1906 J. J. Tang Musun and Britain measured the charge-mass ratio of electrons through the study of gas conductivity.

1907 A. Michelson The United States manufactured precise optical instruments and used them in the study of spectrometrology, which accurately measured the speed of light.

1908 G. Ripman French invented natural color photography by using interference phenomenon.

1909 G. Marconi invented the wireless electrode in Italy and its contribution to the development of radio communication.

Braun CIF Germany

1910 j.d. van der waals's research on the equation of state of gas and liquid in Holland.

1911W. Derivation and Research of Wien's German Thermal Radiation Law

1912 n.g. Darren Sweden invented an automatic gas regulator for lighting beacon lights and buoy lights.

1913h.k.anisHolland studied the properties of substances at low temperature and made liquid helium.

1914 m.v. Lauder found that the diffraction of roentgen rays through crystals is not only used to determine the wavelength of X rays, but also to prove the atomic lattice structure of crystals.

1915 w.h. crystal structure of roentgen in Prague

W.l. Prague, England

1917 c.g. The secondary roentgen radiation of the identification element was found in Bakla and Britain.

19 18 M V Planck Germany studied the quantum theory of radiation, found the basic quantum, put forward the energy quantization hypothesis, and explained the empirical law of electromagnetic radiation.

19 19 J stark Germany discovered the Doppler effect in cathode rays and the splitting of atomic spectral lines in electric fields.

1920c.e. Anomaly of Ni-steel alloy discovered in Gilholm and France and its application in precision instruments.

192 1 A Einstein's contribution to modern physics, especially the law of photoelectric effect.

1922 N. Bohr Denmark studied atomic structure and atomic radiation and put forward his atomic structure model.

1923 R.A Millikan studied charge and photoelectric effect in the United States, and proved that charge has the smallest unit through oil drop experiment.

1924 k.m.g. sigban's discovery and research on roentgen ray spectroscopy in Sweden

1925 J. Frank Germany discovered the regularity when electrons hit atoms.

Hertz company of Germany

1926 j.b. Palin studied the split structure of matter in France and discovered sedimentation equilibrium.

1927a.h Compton Compton The United States discovered the Compton effect.

Invented by C.T.R Wilson in Britain, charged particles are observed in a cloud chamber, so that their trajectories become visible.

1928 o.w. Richardson studied thermionic phenomena in Britain and discovered Richardson's law.

1929 L. V. de Broglie: a theoretical study of electronic volatility in France

1930 C.V Raman India studied the scattering of light and found Raman effect.

1932 W. Heisenberg Germany founded quantum mechanics and led to the discovery of hydrogen allotropes.

1933 E. Schrodinger's extensive development of Austrian quantum mechanics

P.A.M Dierik predicted the existence of positrons for the extensive development of quantum mechanics in Britain.

Neutrons were discovered in chadwick and Britain.

V.f. Hess of Austria discovered cosmic rays.

Anderson discovered positrons in America.

1937 J.P Thomas and Britain discovered the interference phenomenon in electron irradiated crystals through experiments.

Davidson and the United States discovered the diffraction of electrons by crystals through experiments.

1938 E. Fermi Italy discovered new radioactive elements and nuclear reactions caused by slow neutrons.

1939 F.O Lawrence cyclotron developed by the United States and its achievements, especially the research on artificial radioactive elements.

1943 determination of magnetic moment of American stern proton

1944 I.I Rabi The United States measures the magnetism of nuclear by resonance method.

1945 W. Pauli Austria discovered Pauli incompatibility principle

1946 P.W bridgman and the United States developed high-voltage devices and founded high-voltage physics.

Aptom and Britain discovered the Aptom layer reflecting ionospheric radio waves.

1948 p.m.s. blackett, Britain's improvement of Wilson Cloud Room and its discovery in nuclear physics and cosmic rays.

1949 Hideki Yukawa Japan predicted the existence of mesons by mathematical methods.

1950 C.F Powell studied nuclear process photography in Britain and found mesons.

195 1 J.D cockcroft Britain was the first country to use artificially accelerated particles to develop atomic nuclei.

E. walton's research on Ireland's transformation

1952 E.M purcell Development of a new method for accurate measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance in the United States and related findings.

F. Bloch, USA

1953 F. Cernik demonstrated the phase contrast method in Holland, especially developed the phase contrast microscope.

1954 M Born in Germany, the basic research of quantum mechanics, especially the statistical explanation of wave function in quantum mechanics.

The proposition and analysis of cosmic radiation by Porter's German consistency method

1955 P. Accurate measurement of American electron magnetic moment by Kush

W.E. Ram discovered the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum in the United States.

1956 W. shockley and the United States studied semiconductors and invented transistors.

Bratton USA.

J. Badin, USA

1957 Li Zhengdao The United States denied the law of parity conservation under weak interaction and made great discoveries in the study of elementary particles.

American Yang Zhenning

1958 P.A Cherenkov The former Soviet Union discovered and explained cherenkov effect (the phenomenon that high-speed charged particles emit blue light when passing through transparent materials).

I'm Frank, a former Soviet.

Tan Yiting, former Soviet Union

1959 E Thackeray discovers antiprotons in America.

O. chamberlain USA

1960D. A. Glassel invented bubble chamber in the United States.

196 1 R. Hofstadter The United States uses high energy electron scattering to study the structure of atomic nuclei.

German R.L. Mossbauer studied the resonance absorption of R-rays without recoil and found the Mossbauer effect.

1962 L.D Landau's theory of studying condensed matter, especially liquid helium in the former Soviet Union.

1963 e.p. Wigner's contribution to the theoretical study of atomic nuclei and elementary particles in the United States, especially the discovery and application of the basic principle of symmetry.

M.G. Meyer discovered the shell model theory of nuclear structure in the United States, and successfully explained the long-period equimagic number properties of nuclear.

J. Zhan Sen

1964 C. H. Towns The basic research in the field of quantum electronics in the United States led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on maser and laser principle.

N.G. Basov's research work on oscillators and amplifiers used to generate laser beams in the former Soviet Union.

Prokhorov's research work in quantum electronics in the former Soviet Union led to the manufacture of masers and lasers.

1965 R.P Feynman's research on quantum electrodynamics in the United States, including far-reaching achievements in elementary particle physics.

J.S. Schwinge USA

Asanaga Shinichiro Japan

1966 A. Casterly Rock France discovered and developed an optical method to study the contribution of atomic energy levels.

1967 h.a. Bate's theory on the energy production of American stars

1968 L.W. Alvarez's decisive contribution to elementary particle physics, especially the discovery of many resonance states through the development of hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis technology.

1969 M. gherman and the United States discovered the classification and interaction of elementary particles and put forward the "quark" particle theory.

1970 H.O.G Alvin Basic research and discovery of Swedish magnetohydrodynamics and its wide application in plasma physics.

Neil's basic research and discovery of French antiferromagnetism and ferrite magnetism have important applications in solid state physics.

1971D. The invention and development of British holography in dennis gabor

1972 J bardeen, the United States put forward the superconducting theory called BCS theory.

American L.N. Cooper Company

American Slipher Company

1973 B.D Josephson discovered the tunneling phenomenon in solid in Britain, and theoretically predicted that superconducting current could pass through the tunnel barrier (namely Josephson effect).

Jiang Qiling discovered the tunneling effect in semiconductors through experiments in Nai, Japan.

I. Gaeifer The United States discovered the tunneling effect in superconductors through experiments.

1974 M Ryle studied radio astronomy in Britain, especially the creation and development of aperture synthesis technology.

A pioneering study of British radio astronomy in Hervey period played a decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.

1975 A.N bordenmark discovered the relationship between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus, and developed the theory of nuclear structure on this basis.

B.R. Mortel's research on the internal structure of Danish nucleus.

Length J. American Rainwater Organization

1976 B. Li Xite independently discovered a new particle J/ψ in the United States, its mass is about three times that of protons, and its lifetime is ten thousand times longer than that of the resonant state.

Ding Zhaozhong USA.

1977 P.W Anderson The United States has conducted basic theoretical research on the electronic structure of crystalline and amorphous solids, and put forward the "solid state" physical theory.

J.H. Van Flack The United States has conducted basic research on the electronic structure of magnetic and irregular systems.

Mott, England

1978A. The microwave background of the 3K universe was found in penzias and the United States.

Wilson USA ltd

P.L. Capicha built a new device of liquid nitrogen in the former Soviet Union, which proved that nitrogen is superfluid in low-temperature physics.

1979 S.L glashow and the United States established a unified theory of weak current, especially predicted the existence of weak current.

Weinberg, South America

Salam Pakistan

1980 j.w. Cronin discovered CP asymmetry in America.

Fitch USA

Blom Bergen Laser Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optics Research in America

Sholow Corp.

Study on Swedish high resolution electron spectroscopy

Critical phenomenon of1982 K. Wilson's phase transition in the United States

1983 S. Theoretical study on the structure and evolution of Chandraseka's beautiful stars.

W Fowler's Theoretical Research and Experiment on the Nuclear Reaction of Chemical Elements in the American Universe

Thanks to the efforts of Lu Biya and Italy, they discovered the intermediate boson.

South Vandermeier Netherlands

1985 K.V Kricking german quantum hall effect

1986 E. ruska's basic research work in the field of electronic physics in Germany designed the world's first 1 electron microscope.

G. Binny Switzerland designed the scanning tunneling microscope.

H. Rolle

1987J. G. Bernoz New Superconducting Materials Discovered in America

American K.A. Muller

1988 L.M. Lederman and the United States worked on neutrino beams, and demonstrated the symmetrical structure of light particles by discovering muon neutrinos.

Meter (short for meter) Schwartz USA

J. Steinberg England

1989 N.F Ramsey invented the atomic clock cesium atomic clock in the United States and put forward the hydrogen maser technology.

In order to study an electron or ion very accurately, W Paul Germany invented the method of trapping atoms.

H.G. Demelt USA

1990 J. Jerome was the first to prove the existence of quarks in America.

H. Kendall USA

R. Taylor Canada

199 1 p. g. Derrana basic research on French liquid crystals

1992 J. Xia Pake French invented and developed particle detectors, especially multi-wire proportional chambers.

1993 J. Taylor A pair of pulsars with the mass equivalent to two suns and the diameter of only 10-30km were discovered in the United States, so the gravitational field is extremely strong, which provides indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves.

Length hoels, USA

1994 C. Schall Neutron scattering technology developed by USA.

B. brockhaus and Canada

1995 m L. Pearl American Pearl and his collaborators discovered tau leptons. Lei Ensi and C. Cowen successfully observed the electron antineutrino for the first time. Their pioneering work in lepton research has made great contributions to the establishment of lepton-quark level material structure images.

F. Lei Ensi and United States

1996 superfluidity of helium -3 discovered by David Lee in America.

Osherov USA.

American R.C. Richardson Company

1997 Chu American laser cooling and trapping atoms

K. tanotti, France

Phillips of America

1998 laughlin discovers American fractional quantum hall effect.

American Stemme

Cui qi, USA

1999 H. Hofter and Holland proved the pioneering research on the motion of particles that make up the universe.

Martinus-Wiltman Netherlands

In 2000, it was awarded to three scientists and inventors. Their work, especially their invention of fast transistors, laser diodes and integrated circuits (chips), laid the foundation of modern information technology. The three scientists are ZHORES I. Alferov of Jofei Institute of Physics and Technology in St. Petersburg, herbert kroemer of the University of California, Santa Barbara and Jack S. Kilby of Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, USA. The total prize money is SEK 9 million, and the first two physicists share it equally.

200 1 Nobel Prize in Physics: American scientist Eric A. Conor, German scientist Wolfgang Keitner and American scientist Carl E. Weimai will share the prize of100000 Swedish kronor equally.

The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to American scientist raymond davis, Japanese scientist Masatoshi Koshiba and American scientist Riccardo giacconi, saying that their "pioneering contributions in the field of astrophysics" opened two new windows for human beings to observe the universe.

In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alexei Abrikosov, a scientist with dual Russian and American citizenship, Vitaly Ginzburg, a Russian scientist, and anthony leggett, a scientist with dual British and American citizenship, in recognition of their pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids.

The physics prize in 2004 was awarded to three American scientists, David Gross, David Polizer and Frank Wilczek. The total prize money of this year's Nobel Prize is 6,543,800,000 Swedish kronor, or about 6,543,800,360 US dollars.

In a statement awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to the three scientists, the Royal Swedish Academy said that they won the prize because of their achievements in quark particle theory. Quarks are the smallest elementary particles in nature. The study of quarks by these three scientists has brought science closer to realizing its dream of establishing a theory for "everything".

2005 Nobel Prize in Physics

John Hall, Theodore Hensch and Roy glauber.

Results: The research results can improve GPS technology.

The cell phone signal will be clearer in the future.

John L. Hall of the University of Colorado, Roy J. Glauber of Harvard University and Theodore Hensch of Ludwig maximilian University.

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