[Comparison of Eco-environmental Factors in Shen Congwen's Works] Introduction and Works of Shen Congwen

Qu Yuan and Shen Congwen live in the same region, and the natural environment in Chu plays an important role in the formation of their creative styles and cultural personalities. The geographical space represented by the two writers is Chu, the largest of which is Chu, Chushan and Chushui, and the smallest is fragrant trees, herbs and exotic things. The grass, trees, mountains and rivers in my hometown naturally become a means for writers to vent their feelings and express their feelings.

First, water: the eternal theme of Chu literature

There are three water gods written by Qu Yuan in Nine Songs: Xiang Jun, Mrs. Xiang and Hebo. Only one mountain god was written by Shan Gui. If the poems in "Nine Chapters" are basically documentary trips, "Crossing the River": "Take a trip to Ezhu and look back. Autumn and winter wind blows, Ma Zaishan, the house is in the car. By who? The rest of the ships were on the raft, and their arms were defeated. " (1) "It's a waste of time in the morning, and it's night in the morning." "When I entered Xupu, I didn't know what I was doing." (3) The poem describes that the poet left Lingyang and traveled to the southwest, from Ezhu to Fanglin, entered Dongting, passed through Zhuhui, arrived in Chenyang and finally arrived in Xupu. The journey is basically a waterway. Of course, the water in Nine Chapters and Li Sao has not entered the poetry as an independent aesthetic object, but appears as the background of the characters' activities, that is, with the artistic image of the lyric hero. For example, Lady Xiang is a love song describing a pair of spouse gods, which shows the water town scenery of Chu State.

In "Mrs. Xiang", the beginning of the poem shows us the rippling Dongting Lake, and the protagonist's budding love is swaying in this clear wave. The waiting people didn't come, so they hesitated: "Did Yuan? I am depressed, but I dare not speak. Looking at the distance, looking at the running water? . "(4) The hero is looking forward to it and lost in thought. Water is prosperity, prosperity is love, and it is purely poetic.

The image of water stands out in Shen Congwen's novels. Shen Congwen often said: "Water and my life are inseparable, education is inseparable, and the tendency of works is inseparable." Although I left the river, I wrote many stories by the water. The articles I am most satisfied with in the story are often set on ships and water. The characters in my story are all the characters I saw on the boat by the water. " The color, sound and characteristics of water are all influenced by the writer's subjective feelings, forming a unique landscape in Shen Congwen's novels.

Both Shen Congwen and Qu Yuan have a special liking for water, which mainly includes geographical environment factors, personal unique life experience, unique cultural atmosphere and unique concept of witchcraft in Chu. They are all attached to their hometown and have heart-to-heart feelings with the people in their hometown.

(A) rippling blue waves-the unique geographical environment of Chu.

People in Qu Yuan's and Shen Congwen's times all went out with water, and water was the life of Chu people. They all live in water towns, and get along with water day and night, which will inevitably internalize the temperament of water and integrate it into their own creative style, showing the charm of nature and spirit. Coupled with this complex, the Chu people are weak as water and strong as water. Southerners are submissive, northerners are resolute, and Chu people are between Jianghan. Although they belong to the south, they are extremely resolute. This fortitude is closely related to the cultivation of the unique geographical environment created by Chushan and Chu Shui.

(B) The exile between Yuan and Xiang-a unique life experience.

"Fisherman" wrote: "Qu Yuan, once released, swam in Hechi and walked on the river bank, looking haggard and haggard." ⑦ It can be seen that although the poet is far away from the capital, his heart is Wei Que, and he is determined to die. "It is better to go to the fragrant willow and bury it in the belly of a river fish, so that you can be covered with secular dust for nothing?" The poet was wronged, so he could only pour out his sorrow to the Yangtze River, saying, "The road is long in Xiu Yuan, because the water in Hunan is vast and the road is long in Xiu Yuan." The water ecology in Qu Yuan's works is a bosom friend in the poet's pain. Without this experience with Yuan Xiang, the poet's works would not always vibrate and overflow with the color and sound of water.

There are many waters in Xiangxi, and Yuan River, where Qu Yuan drifted, flows through the whole of Xiangxi. Shen Congwen's life is related to water almost every day. He said, "My' Youth Life Education' graduated from this water." "How many people I have learned, how much knowledge I have learned, and how much I have seen!" Pet-name ruby Even after the age of 20, when he went to Beijing to read another "Life Book", his heart was still filled with his hometown of Yuanshui, which melted into his life and became an indispensable part of his novels. Therefore, his most satisfying works are often set on the surface of the ship. The hearts of the two writers were both washed by the water in Native Land, and they both had the same pure and noble character as water. They base their life ideals on water, hoping to influence the earth and benefit the people with water.

Shen Congwen, stepping on the river that Qu Yuan walked through, unconsciously inherited the ecological blood of water source with Chu regional characteristics. Art is always associated with the tendency of regional humanistic environment. The works of Qu Yuan and Shen Congwen will naturally take water as the theme. They all consciously carried the water from ancient Chu, which also shows their attachment to their homeland.

Second, fragrant flowers, herbs, dried tangerine peel and bamboo

According to the statistics of Cao Dazhong's "Literary Charm of Flowers and Trees and Qu Fu", among Qu Yuan's 27 Chu Ci works, there are about 253 times involving flowers and trees in heaven and earth, land and water. Qu Yuan's "Songs of Chu" shows us the natural landscape of Chu, and at the same time, the poet also borrowed flowers and grass to build a unique symbol system. This symbolic system became a prototype model, which had an impact on Shen Congwen's creation. Therefore, a series of images of fragrant flowers, fragrant grass and bamboo appeared in Shen Congwen's works.

The flowers written by Qu Yuan and Shen Congwen show us the strange scenery of southern Chu and set off the beauty of mountains and rivers in Chu. In addition, as images, they have multiple meanings. First of all, delicious flowers can be used to express love. For example, "If you choose Harmony, you will leave your daughter behind", Mrs. Xiang's "If you choose Tingzhou Harmony, you will leave your daughter behind", and Shan Gui's "Shi Lan took Du Heng and forgot your thoughts". The verdant Saxifraga in Shen Congwen's Border Town, the petals left in Shan Gui cave, and the roses, wild flowers and calamus in the vase in black miniature are all tokens of the hero's love, symbolizing the purity and sincerity of love. As a symbol, these fragrant flowers and herbs also embody the writer's ideal. Qu Yuan cultivated his noble quality with fragrant flowers and herbs, and approached the king of Chu with fragrant flowers and herbs to express his loyalty to the king of Chu and the court. This way of expressing ambition is also shown in Shen Congwen's works. Green bamboo springs, rich Saxifraga, charming petals, unpolluted wild flowers, red maple, ginkgo and poplars are integrated into a pure nature. This school of soil and water gave birth to pure, kind and natural humanity. This is Shen Congwen's ideal of life. It's just that Qu Yuan pursues political ideals, while Shen Congwen pursues life ideals, and the latter is much more bland and gentle than the former.

Among these fragrant flowers and trees, one is typical, which appeared in the works of two writers and was praised by them. Chenpi is a typical fruit tree in southern Chu, which is described in Chenpi and Changhe. Shen Congwen wrote in "Long River": "Two thousand years ago, Chu chased Qu Yuan, the minister, and took a wooden boat. He must have seen an orange tree before he wrote the ode to an orange. Attending, perhaps, Shen Congwen was also inspired by Ode to Oranges and wrote this novel with Personnel in Oranges as the main line.

Dried tangerine peel has a beautiful and graceful appearance, and more importantly, it has the excellent quality of "walking better than Boyi and thinking like Xi". Qu Yuan expressed his personality by praising the noble quality of citrus. The dried tangerine peel of Longjiang should be the embodiment of Teng Changshun and his dead people on the bank of Chenhe River in western Hunan. In his story, Shen Congwen takes dried tangerine peel as the background and oranges as the clue, which embodies the "changelessness" and "change" of Xiangxi. In the inscription, the author wrote: "The trivial personnel in the Yuanshui River Basin will be proved, hoping to give outsiders a more real impression. More importantly, I hope that the students who go to the countryside have the courage and confidence to overcome difficulties! In addition, with a small water pier in the long river basin as the background and familiar personnel as the theme, I wrote the' unchanged' and' changed' in the lives of some ordinary people in this place, as well as all the joys and sorrows in the multiplication and division of the two phases. " Citrus is deeply rooted and difficult to migrate, which is a true portrayal of primitive people in western Hunan. They have the patriotic qualities of Qu Yuan, which is exactly what they need when the Anti-Japanese War comes. At the end of the inscription of Long River, I wrote: "In the performances of some readers I am familiar with, I have seen the other side of the highest human character. If possible, I will continue to write my ode to such people with an ordinary story recently. " Shen Congwen inherited the prototype of Chenpi from Qu Yuan to express his ideal, and used it to praise the simple humanity of Xiangxi society, so that Chenpi's patriotism could be carried forward under the current situation of the enemy.

Human beings created the environment, and the environment also changed human beings. From the works of Qu Yuan and Shen Congwen, we can better understand the gorgeous, smart and naive character of Chu culture and the free, romantic, enthusiastic and loyal personality of Chu people.

[Notes]

Qu Yuan: Involved in the River and Songs of the South, Jilin Photography Publishing House, 2003, pp. 82 and 83.

Qu Yuan: Mrs Xiang, Songs of Chu, Jilin Photography Publishing House, 2003, p. 33.

⑤ Shen Congwen: A Legendary Story, the second episode of Shen Congwen's Prose, China Broadcasting Press, 1994, p.231.

⑥ Shen Congwen: Border Town, Selected Novels of Shen Congwen, People's Literature Publishing House, 2004, pp. 207 and 209.

⑦ Qu Yuan: Fisherman's Father and Songs of the South, Jilin Photography Publishing House, 2003, pp. 124 and 135.

9 Shen Congwen: The Relationship between My Writing and Water Shen Congwen's Prose, China Broadcasting Press, 1994, p. 167.

Attending Shen Congwen: Long River, Selected Novels of Shen Congwen, People's Literature Publishing House, 2004, pp. 345th, 344th, 346th, 34th1.