Who are the patriots in Taiyuan?

Tuoba Hong

Tuoba Hong (467-499) was the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He was born in the Purple Palace of Pingcheng in August of the first year of Huangxing (467). He was the eldest son of Emperor Xianwen. His mother, Mrs. Li, was killed and he was raised by Empress Dowager Feng. In June of the third year (469), he was established as the crown prince. When he was young, he was good at riding and shooting, and he had physical strength. At the age of 10, he could break a sheep's shoulder bone with his fingers. If you shoot at animals, you will never miss. In the fifth year (471), Emperor Xianwen was obsessed with Buddhist affairs and gave way to Prince Tuoba Hong, who became Emperor Xiaowen. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (476), Emperor Xianwen was poisoned to death. Empress Dowager Feng took the throne and helped Emperor Xiaowen reform the bad government. After the death of Empress Dowager Feng in the fourteenth year of Taihe (490), Emperor Xiaowen personally took charge of the government affairs. He listens to the political affairs and follows the good advice; he practices frugality, washes his old clothes regularly, submits documents to the court, and considers them carefully; he is quick in thinking and writes poems and poems as he pleases. In the seventeenth year (493), the capital was moved to Luoyang, Sinicization was implemented, the surname was changed to Han and Yuan, Xianbei clothes were banned, and Han people were given priority. He sent troops to Southern Qi and defeated the troops of Southern Qi. He died of illness in the 23rd year of his reign. He reigned for 29 years and was only 33 years old when he died. ?

Lou Zhaojun

Lou Zhaojun (500~562) was the Empress Dowager of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Datong people. Born in the Northern Wei Dynasty, she was quite intelligent as a girl. The powerful families in the court vied with each other to marry her, but they were all rejected. Occasionally, I saw the young general Gao Huan on duty at the top of the city, and he promised to marry Gao Huan with all his heart. Gao Huan had always had great ambitions, made friends with heroes from all over the world, and made many military exploits. In the first year of Putai (531), he was named King of Bohai by Emperor Jiemin and became a powerful figure in the Northern Wei Dynasty. As a princess, Zhaojun often participated in military and political affairs. She was wise and decisive, elegant and thrifty, and had a generous temperament. After Gao Huan's death, his second son Gao Yang usurped the Eastern Wei Dynasty and established the state of Qi, which was called Northern Qi in history. Zhaojun was revered as the empress dowager. Lou Zhaojun gave birth to six boys and two girls. Among the six boys, he became four emperors and two kings, and both girls were queens of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. ?

Dugu Jialuo

Dugu Jialuo (?～602) was the empress of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. Datong people. Born into a wealthy Xianbei family, she was the seventh daughter of Dugu Xin, Duke of Zhao in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the wife of Duke Yang Jian. She was meek, respectful, filial, and knowledgeable. She supported her husband Yang Jian in usurping the weak Northern Zhou Dynasty and established the Sui Dynasty. After becoming the queen, she assisted Emperor Wen in diligent administration, caring for the people, and enriching the country and strengthening the army. He is frugal by nature, and his food, clothing, housing and transportation are all frugal, and both the government and the public follow his example. He often went to court with Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, assisted in the management of government affairs, and gave advice at any time, which was of great benefit. Whenever he and Emperor Wen discussed political affairs, they often coincided with each other, and they were called "Two Saints" in the palace. Make a clear distinction between right and wrong, and do not show favoritism to relatives. But he was jealous by nature, which made Emperor Wen afraid. Emperor Wen once fell in love with the Yuchi family. When she found out, she sent someone to kill the girl. The concubines in the palace dare not be beautiful. He was extremely disgusted with courtiers taking concubines, and many officials suffered misfortune as a result. The eldest son Yang Yong was deposed and the second son Yang Guang was appointed Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, which eventually caused trouble for the future. He died of illness at the age of 50 and was buried in Tailing. ?

Li Cunxiao

Li Cunxiao (?～894) was a general in the late Tang Dynasty. His original name was An Jingsi. A native of Lingqiu County, Datong City. When he was young, he was extremely powerful. In front of the village of Shepherd Dajian, King Li Keyong of the Jin Dynasty was hunting and encountered a tiger. An Jingsi was afraid that the tiger would eat the sheep, so he fought with his bare hands and threw it back across the stream. All the troops were shocked. The King of Jin adopted him as his adopted son, gave him the surname Li and the name Cunxiao, and made him the thirteenth Taibao. He followed Li Keyong in the south and north. He was brave and good at fighting. He was often a vanguard. He danced with an iron whip, went in and out of the formation, surrounded Pingyang, and settled Xing and Luo. He was meritorious and served as an official in Xingtai. Li Keyong listened to the slanderous words of his adopted son Li Cunxin and refused to reward Li Cunxiao, which caused a grudge. In the first year of Tang Jingfu's reign (892), Li Keyong sent troops to besiege Xingzhou. Li Cunxiao was defeated and captured, and his chariot broke apart in the city of Taiyuan. ?

Bi Shi'an

Bi Shi'an (938-1005) was the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. The word is Rensou. Datong people. His father and ancestors were officials in Yunzhong for three generations. He became a Jinshi in the fourth year of Qiande in the Northern Song Dynasty (966). In the third year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (978), he learned about Taizhou (today's Linhai, Zhejiang), and in the second year of Yongxi's reign (985), he served as the record-keeping counselor of Prince Ji's Mansion. In the fifth year, he entered the capital to know how to make imperial edicts, and later he was appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin. Zhenzong ascended the throne and ordered to take charge of the Kaifeng government affairs, punish the favored ministers who bullied others, and redress the grievances of the people. Whenever Zhenzong releases an official to another position, he must give him warning and encouragement. In the first year of Xianping (998), he was appointed minister of the Ministry of Rites and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. He was ordered to collate the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, the Book of Jin, and the Book of the Tang Dynasty. He tried his best to avoid gossip and adhered to the principle of "evil to warn the world, good to encourage the future". Check it carefully and publish it eventually. In the first year of Jingde (1004), when the Khitans attacked the Song Dynasty, Bi Shigan discussed "selecting generals, paying troops, managing finances" and other strategies to deal with the enemy, which were mostly adopted. Soon he was promoted to participate in political affairs. Zhenzong planned to use him as prime minister, but Bi Shi'an humbly gave in to Kou Zhun, thinking that he was loyal, good at making decisions on important matters, and had the talent of a prime minister. Later, he was promoted to prime minister at the same time as Kou Zhun. Bi Shi'an also studied national history and was positioned to the left of Kou Zhun. At that time, the Khitans led their troops to move south. Some people in the court advocated moving south, but Bi Shi'an and Kou Zhun insisted on marching personally. Bi Shi'an stayed in Beijing due to illness. After recovering from his illness, he rushed to Chanzhou, the front line, to establish the "Chanyuan Alliance", and selected good generals to guard the border towns and open mutual markets. Remove the iron ban and expand savings. He died of illness the following year at the age of 68. He was an honest official and had no personal wealth. Before he was buried, his wife borrowed money from others. 30 volumes of posthumous works. ?

Zhe Yuqing

Zhe Yuqing (958～995) was a general of the Northern Song Dynasty. Datong people. Yunzhong is a wealthy family, and his father and ancestors all served as officials in the Later Zhou Dynasty. He served as Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty. He followed Taizu to conquer Hedong, defeated Yan Lan's army, captured military envoys, killed the assassin, and captured generals alive. He was transferred to Fuzhou Observation Envoy four times, and Yong'an Army Jiedushi Envoy, and defeated the Khitan Army many times. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), 10,000 Khitan troops invaded and were ordered to defend against the enemy. In the battle at Zihecha (south of Dongsheng County, Inner Mongolia), more than 5,000 enemies were killed and 1,000 horses were captured. Taizu of the Song Dynasty granted him 30 flags to strengthen the army. . The Khitan kept peeking at the side, and Zhe Yuqing trained his troops all day long to prepare for war, and became sick from fatigue. The Khitan took the opportunity to invade again.

When Zhe Yuqing went into battle despite being ill, the enemy generals immediately ran away with their heads in their arms when they saw him. Zhe Yuqing was seriously ill, and Zhe's mother sent someone to take him home to recuperate. He said: "I have received the country's favor in this life, but the border bandits have not been eliminated, and Yuqing is guilty. Now we are facing the enemy and abandoning our soldiers to do our own thing. It is impossible to die in the army." The reason is that Mrs. Bai didn't care about me, how could she be loyal and filial?" After saying this, she burst into tears and died in the military camp the next day. She was only 38 years old. The emperor expressed his condolences and presented it to his attendants. ?

Zhe Weichang

Zhe Weichang (978～1014) was a general of the Northern Song Dynasty. The son of Zhe Yuqing. Datong people. He was first appointed as the envoy of Luoyuan and the governor of the state. In the second year of Xianping (999), the Huangnu tribe in Hexi led Zhao Baoji and his men into Wanhu Valley in Koulin Prefecture (north of Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province) and went deep into Songhua Village. Zhe Weichang was ordered to fight with the enemy. An arrow hit his arm and fell from his horse, but he still held the bow and arrow, and was able to break out of the encirclement with the help of his horse. In September, Zhao Baoji came again. Zhe Weichang defeated the enemy at Mijing Peak, and defeated the Yanni tribe at Luohuang Village. They burned all the enemy's armor and chariot tents, killing many and capturing many prisoners. Due to his meritorious service, he was promoted to the governor of Fuzhou, and later he was appointed the envoy of Wensi. In the first year of Jingde, he conquered the enemy's stronghold. In the autumn of the same year, he entered Shuozhou, defeated Langshui stronghold and relieved Yan Lan's army. The following year he was promoted to the governor of Xingzhou. In the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1014), he ordered the people of Hedong to deliver grain to Linzhou. Zhe Weichang was ill and protected the grain while traveling in the wind and sand. He died of illness on the way at the age of 37. ?

Zhe Kexing

Zhe Kexing’s birth and death years are yet to be determined. A border general in the Northern Song Dynasty. The name is Zundao, and he is the great-grandson of Yuqing. Datong people. Served in the military government. When the Xixia invaded Huanqing, he sent troops from Hedong to rescue and captured Jialuchuan (southwest of Baode). He killed more than 400 enemies, surrendered more than 1,000 households, and captured tens of thousands of horses and livestock. He was promoted to prefect due to his meritorious service. The imperial court launched a crusade against Xixia, and Zhe Kexing led his troops as a pioneer. The great chief of Xixia, Meibao Wu Liang, came to fight with ten thousand horses. He waited for the enemy to cross the mountain pass and suddenly attacked. He defeated the Xia army and killed Meibao Wu Liang. He guarded Jialuchuan and built eight strongholds. He was resourceful and capable of making decisions and defeated the enemy. After guarding the border for 30 years, he loved the soldiers, won by surprise, and had the most military exploits. People called him "the soldiers who destroyed the family", and he served as an observation envoy to Qinzhou. After his death, he was given as a gift to the military governor of Wu'an. ?

The year of birth and death is yet to be determined.

The year of birth and death is to be determined. A border general in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zheke Xingzi. Datong people. The young man practiced martial arts and was very brave. General Guo Kui of the Military Guard looked at him and sighed: "What a true general!" He recommended him as a palace attendant after the examination. Later, he followed Zhonge out of the fortress, met an enemy general, took his head alone, and galloped back, gaining great fame. Many enemies were killed in the battle of Mizhi. During the battle, due to lack of supplies, the soldiers fled due to hunger. He chased them on horseback alone and understood the situation. The deserters burst into tears of gratitude and returned to their respective groups. When 100,000 people invaded Xixia, Zhe Keshi pretended to be an enemy leader inspecting, called out the beacon guards and beheaded them, so that the beacon fire could not be transmitted, and the enemy troops rolled up their armor and fled. The enemy army was defeated in Wedingtu, and the mother of the Xixia Kingdom was ambushed as she escaped through the mountain path. The enemies trampled on each other, and countless people died after jumping off the cliff. Weiming Ali and Mele Dubu were ferocious and cunning chiefs of the Western Xia Dynasty. The Song court summoned them to secretly plan for them. When the two chiefs were meeting at the border in the name of animal husbandry, they sent troops to sneak attack, captured more than 3,000 of their clan members, and captured Tiandu Mountain in one fell swoop. . The Emperor of the Song Dynasty specially celebrated his achievements in the Wende Hall, and was promoted to the envoy of Dongshan Pavilion, the defense envoy of ?NB241?zhou, the governor of Jingyuan, and the governor of state affairs. He later moved to the post of Wu'an Army Jiedu to observe and stay behind, and the infantry capital Yuhou. ?

Liu Qi

Liu Qi (1203～1259) was a scholar of the Jin Dynasty. His courtesy name is Jingshu, and his nickname is Shenchuan Escaper. A native of Hunyuan County, Datong City. He was born into a scholarly family, and his father, Liu Congyi, was a scholar of Hanlin literature. He studied with his father at the Ren School since he was a child. Later he became a student in Bianjing. The soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty entered Bian, witnessed the war, and wrote 14 volumes of their experiences in notebook style, named "Gui Qian Zhi", which is a precious first-hand historical material. He also wrote 43 chapters in "Chu Yan" and 21 volumes of "Collection of Shenchuan Disciples", both of which are lost today. ?

Liu Yu

The year of Liu Yu’s birth and death is yet to be determined. Travel writer of the Yuan Dynasty. His courtesy name is Wenji, also known as Guiyu, and he is the younger brother of Liu Qi. A native of Hunyuan County, Datong City. In the first year of the Zhongtong reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1260), Zhongshu Province was established, and he was recruited as the governor of the left and right divisions. Later, he served as the Yin of Xinhe County, and was summoned to pay homage to the censor. He is good at diction and is good at calligraphy. He is "famous in time". The "Records of the Western Envoy" written by the envoy Changde is a travel record dictated by the envoy Changde and recorded by him. It records that Changde was ordered to go west to visit King Hulagu in Persia in the ninth year of Emperor Xianzong of Mongolia (1259). Hulagu was the younger brother of Meng Ge and the founder of the Ilkhanate. Changde returned to China in the fourth year of Zhongtong (1263), which lasted 4 years, passing through the northern border of Persia to India, Baghdad and other places. The book contains detailed records of the customs and customs of Central Asia. It is a valuable document for studying the ancient history of the Western Regions and the history of transportation between China and the West, and has been cited in many works. There are three translations appearing in international academic circles.