What should I pay attention to when doing imaging examination? Matters needing attention in image inspection

When it comes to imaging examination, many people know that there are different examination methods, such as CT, MRI and ultrasound. But many people don't know the specific choice of these tests, and different diseases need different tests. So, what should we pay attention to when doing imaging examination? What are the precautions for image inspection?

1. What inspection is suitable for different parts?

1, if you want to check the chest and lungs.

X-ray examination of chest and lungs is simple and cheap, which can clearly diagnose whether the chest and lungs are normal or abnormal, and inflammation and tuberculosis can basically be diagnosed.

If the shadow on the chest X-ray film is blurred, you can have a CT scan. If you suspect that you have lung cancer, you can do multi-slice ct low-dose scanning. MRI examination is more suitable for pulmonary mediastinal and hilar lesions.

Ultrasound can't pass through air-containing lung tissue, so it is difficult to observe the lesions of shallow lung tissue. Ultrasound is generally not used for the diagnosis of lung diseases. The magnetic resonance signal of the lung is weak, MRI shows that the lung is not clear, and it is insensitive to the calcification of the lesion, so it can't show the chest fracture and pneumothorax. The artifacts caused by heartbeat and breathing will affect the authenticity of the image. For the display of pleural hypertrophy, adhesion and calcification, MRI is not as good as ordinary X-ray and CT. It is not appropriate for a doctor to write an MRI checklist.

How to choose the best: chest and lung diseases, many of which are suitable for various imaging technologies, is a priority issue here. If it is a serious chest trauma, you should take an X-ray first. CT observation of rib fracture is not as good as x-ray

2. If you want to check your cardiovascular system.

General heart disease, X-ray is the most commonly used examination method. If you are not sure whether there is cardiovascular disease and the economy is not affluent, you can get an X-ray, which can be diagnosed in most cases. Echocardiography can diagnose most cardiovascular diseases and is the first choice for examination, with good effect and low price. Electrocardiogram is the gold standard of cardiovascular diagnosis.

Ordinary CT is not used as a cardiac examination. Echocardiography is not suitable for the examination of pulmonary vascular diseases.

3. If you want to check your breasts.

Middle-aged and elderly women can take X-rays for routine breast examination. If they are suspected of having early breast cancer, they can take X-rays. X-ray examination can't confirm the diagnosis, so we can add an ultrasound, "X-ray examination+ultrasound examination", which is generally considered to be the golden combination of breast imaging examination.

Of course, if the economy permits, it is more accurate to do more expensive MRI, especially to distinguish whether breast tumors are benign or malignant, and the effect will be better. However, CT is of little value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors, and is generally not used as the main means of breast examination.

4, check the gastrointestinal hepatobiliary pancreas and spleen

For the stomach, X-ray barium radiography can find early lesions.

Very small gastric ulcer and very early gastric cancer can be found. But if it is a progressive disease, it is best to do CT or MRI, so as to know whether the cancer cells have metastasized and the tumor is staged.

X-ray barium contrast examination can find most small intestinal diseases.

General liver disease can be done by ultrasound, and liver cancer can be done by CT. X-ray plain films are not sensitive to the liver, and X-ray angiography is rarely used to examine the liver unless interventional therapy is performed in the liver.

Ultrasound is the first choice to check pancreatic diseases. When ultrasound finds lesions or suspected lesions, further CT examination is needed. So is the inspection in asplenia. In kidney and ureter, most tumors, stones, cysts and congenital anomalies can be found by ultrasound and CT, and diseases that are difficult to be diagnosed by ultrasound and CT can be diagnosed by MRI.

5, if you want to check the reproductive system.

For women, ultrasound is the first choice; Magnetic resonance imaging is better. If hysteromyoma is found by ultrasound, small myoma with a diameter less than 3 mm can be found by MRI, but the cost is higher. CT examination has strong radiation. Although the image is clear, women of childbearing age should use it with caution.

For men, it is best to use MRI for prostate cancer and ultrasound for testicular tumors.

2, should be paid attention to before the image inspection

1, removing foreign bodies

When you are ready for medical image examination, the first thing to do is to remove all foreign objects in the shooting area.

For example, taking chest X-rays requires removing necklaces and Yu Pei, as well as buttons, zippers, bras and all clothes with sequins. You even need to use paint to remove words, draw clothes, remove plasters and dressings. Its main purpose is to prevent foreign body artifacts from affecting the correct diagnosis of images. If you don't take off clothes with foreign bodies, it may lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.

2, pay attention to diet

Don't eat or drink water before doing some medical imaging tests, such as barium meal in upper digestive tract, PET/CT (complete whole body examination with one imaging) and DSA (vascular examination). However, some medical imaging examinations need to drink enough water, such as abdominal CT, and the amount and time of drinking water are very particular.

Step 3 remember the taboos

Doing medical imaging examination will have adverse consequences. Therefore, it must be kept in mind before the examination that medical imaging examination has related taboos. The most important thing is to report your medical history to the doctor truthfully.

If you have a history of allergy, including penicillin allergy, whether you are allergic to foods with high iodine such as kelp, etc. You should tell your doctor whether you can do contrast examination, including X-ray contrast examination, CT enhancement and contrast examination.

When you have a pacemaker, shrapnel, metal implant, insulin pump, etc. In your body, these are absolute taboos of magnetic resonance imaging, and you must not be careless. If patients with pacemakers undergo magnetic resonance examination, the strong magnetism of magnetic resonance equipment will damage the pacemakers and bring life-threatening to patients.

Step 4 cooperate with doctors

All the above work has been done, and the next question is how to cooperate with doctors to scientifically carry out medical imaging examination for you.

When taking a chest X-ray, the doctor will prompt you to inhale and hold your breath. You must follow the doctor's advice. The purpose of inhalation is to fill the lungs with gas and form a good contrast; Holding your breath is to avoid moving blur artifacts caused by breathing actions, and so is abdominal photography.

The examination of chest and abdomen by CT and MRI is not only to reduce motion blur artifacts, but also to avoid changing the scanning level because of your irregular breathing, thus missing the diagnosis of diseases. If you don't follow the requirements of inhaling and holding your breath, the clarity of the film will be reduced, which will affect the correct diagnosis of the disease.

5, the aftermath

Just because the medical imaging examination is completed doesn't mean everything will be fine. After the inspection, there is still a lot of aftermath to be done.

For example, when you have injected contrast agent for X-ray radiography, or after enhanced CT scanning and radiography, you must rest in the lounge 15 minutes after the examination to avoid delayed allergic reaction. You need to change clothes, take a bath and remove radioactive pollution when you get home. In addition, drink plenty of water to promote metabolism, diuresis and excretion.

3, the best gynecological examination time

(1), avoid menstrual examination.

It is best to do it between 3 and 7 days after menstruation, because at this time, the old endometrium has fallen off cleanly, and the new endometrium has just begun to grow. The thickness of the endometrium is moderate, which will not damage the endometrium and cause excessive bleeding during examination.

② Endometrial biopsy:

If you are infertile, you need to know the function of ovarian corpus luteum and rule out endometrial tuberculosis. If contraception is strict during the examination cycle, it is advisable to take it within two or three days before menstruation. But it is usually scraped within 12 hours on the first day of normal menstrual cramps.

(3), quasi tube patency inspection:

Some gynecological operations or operations, such as ring or ring removal, cervical treatment, hysteroscopy, hysterography and so on. It should be carried out within three to seven days after menstruation is clean, and special attention should be paid to prohibiting sexual intercourse from after menstruation to before examination to prevent infection.

④ Tubal drainage or radiography:

This test should be chosen before ovulation. If it is too early, because the uterine cavity wound is not completely healed or there are residual endometrial fragments, it is easy to cause contrast agent overflow or endometriosis; If it is too late, endometrial thickening may produce the illusion of tubal interstitial obstruction.

2. Etiology of gynecological inflammation

1. Cleaning women's private parts too often: cleaning women's private parts is a good habit, but it should not be too frequent, because there is an acidic environment in women's private parts. Excessive cleaning of women's private parts will destroy this acidic environment, which contains many beneficial flora. Frequent cleaning of female private parts will reduce these flora and increase the harm of female private parts.

2. Always use cleaning liquid: Many women often use cleaning liquid to clean women's private parts for disinfection. I didn't know that these cleaning liquids would stimulate women's private parts, and the vulva skin was very fragile. These stimuli are easy to infect vulva and lead to vulvitis.

3. Excessive use of pads: Nowadays, many women use pads to replace the habit of changing underwear every day. There seems to be no problem in performance, but some microorganisms can easily enter female reproductive organs from female private parts in underwear for a long time, causing gynecological inflammation.

4. Unclean sexual life: Sexual life is the best time for the spread of germs, and many germs cause cross-infection in sexual life. Experts suggest that sexual life must pay attention to hygiene, which can greatly reduce the spread of germs. So do a good job of cleaning before and after sex, not just after or before sex.