A Brief Introduction of Picasso in English and Chinese

introduce

Picasso, Pablo Ruizy (1881-1973), a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, cartographer, designer and ceramist, spent most of his career in France. He was the most famous and prolific artist in the 20th century, and had a great influence on his contemporaries.

Two. Early life and work

Picasso was born in Malaga on 188 1 year1October 25th. He was the first child of a middle-class family. His father, José Ruiz blasco, was a mediocre painter who made a living by teaching painting. Like many Spaniards, Picasso took his mother's surname as his own.

Picasso showed artistic talent in his early years. His first surviving painting was completed when he was nine years old. When he was a teenager, it was obvious that he was very talented. 1895, his family moved to Barcelona. From 1896 to 1897, he studied in the art school there. His large-scale academic oil painting Science and Charity (1897, picasso museum, Barcelona) depicts a doctor, a nun and a child at the bedside of a sick woman, and won a gold medal when it was exhibited in Malaga. Then, he stayed at the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid for several months, but by this time-he was only 16 years old-he had his own studio in Barcelona and was eager to try various styles.

Three. Blue period

1900, Picasso first came to Paris, which is the goal of every ambitious artist. In the next four years, he spent his time in Paris and Barcelona. He found the bohemian street life fascinating, and his photographs of people in dance halls and cafes showed how he absorbed paul gauguin's post-impressionism and symbolism painters known as Nabi School. The themes he found in the works of Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, as well as the style of the latter, had the strongest influence. Picasso's Blue Room (190 1, Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.) reflects the works of these two artists, and also shows his evolution to the blue period. It is so called because various blue tones are very suitable for his favorite melancholy theme at that time and dominate his work in the next few years (190/kloc- These paintings show human suffering, depicting blind people, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes. Some of their slender bodies are reminiscent of El greco's style.

Four. Rose period

1904, Picasso settled in Paris and lived in a shabby building called Bateau-Lavail (meaning "laundry boat"). He met Fernandez Olivier, who was the first of many companions who influenced the theme, style and mood of his works. The next year or so was called his rose period, and blue was replaced by pink as the main color in his works. His theme has become more cheerful, including many scenes of the circus he often goes to, and the circus actors he agrees with-Bohemians outside the decent society. One such painting in this period is the Saltimbanques family (1905, National Gallery, Washington, D.C.); In the image of the clown, Picasso represents his other self, which is repeated in his later works.

1909, Picasso moved out of Bateau Laval apartment and lived in an apartment with a maid. At this time, he has attracted some influential patrons, such as Gertrude Stein, an American writer who painted portraits (1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and won the support of the art dealer Daniel-Henry Kahn Weilai. They met in 1907. Kahn Ville introduced Picasso to georges braque, another young artist, who handled his works.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) cubist painting

1906 In the summer, when Picasso stayed in Gosol, a remote Catalan village in the Pyrenees, his work entered a new stage, influenced by Greek, Iberian and African arts. His early major work was "The Maiden of avignon" (1907, new york Museum of Modern Art); The name comes from the name of a street in Barcelona's red light district. This painting depicts five prostitutes whose bodies are severely distorted, and two of their faces are reminiscent of African masks that Picasso appreciated and collected at that time. The style of this painting is so radical-its surface is like broken glass-that even contemporary avant-garde painters and critics can't understand it. Lack of space depth, the ideal form of female nudity is reorganized into a small plane-the basic feature of cubism.

Picasso and Braque worked closely together from the first meeting in 1906 until the outbreak of World War I. Inspired by the three-dimensional treatment of figures in Paul Cézanne's later works, they began to paint landscapes, which was later described by a critic as being composed of "small cubes", thus giving birth to the term "cubism". What they care about is the form of decomposition and analysis, and together they developed the first stage of cubism, which is called analytical cubism. Monochrome scheme is favored when depicting extremely scattered themes, and several sides of these themes are displayed at the same time. Picasso's favorite themes are musical instruments, still life and his friends; A famous portrait is Daniel Henney Canvelle (19 10, art institute of chicago). In 19 12, Picasso pasted paper and a piece of tarpaulin on the canvas, and combined these with the painting area to create his first collage, Chair Whipping Still Life (picasso museum).

This technology marks the transition to synthetic cubism. The second stage of cubism is more decorative, and color plays a major role. Picasso has always used synthetic cubism in his career, but it is by no means exclusive. The two works of 19 15 show his works with completely different styles at the same time: Harlequin (new york Museum of Modern Art) is a synthetic cubist painting, and a beautiful pencil painting by his dealer Vollard (Metropolitan Museum of Art) is drawn in his Ingresque style, so it is called because its cartography imitates/kloc-0.

Cubist sculpture of intransitive verbs

When Picasso created this revolution in painting, he also did almost the same innovative work in sculpture. Traditionally, there are two methods of sculpture-modeling (building a shape with clay and other substances) and carving (removing material from a stone or other suitable materials to create a shape). Picasso changed this. He pieced together ordinary materials into sculptures (this is the development of collage elements that he sometimes used in cubist paintings). An example is the guitar (19 12, picasso museum), which is made of cardboard, paper and rope.

Picasso's sculptures in this style are generally small, almost in the nature of jokes, but this idea was quickly adopted by other sculptors in a more ambitious form. Among them, Russian painter and sculptor Vladimin Tatlin visited Picasso in 19 14. Tatlin's change of Picasso's method became the basis of constructivism, which is a major movement in abstract art.

Seven. Realism and Surrealism

19 14 After the war broke out, Picasso continued to work in Paris. In 19 17, he and the writer jean cocteau visited Rome and met with Sergei Diag hilev, the manager of ballets russes. His company is preparing to produce Parade (the story is written by Cocqueteaux and the music is written by Eric Satie). Picasso designed clothes and curtains. Olga Koklova, a dancer from Dia Gilev, became Picasso's first wife. In the realistic style, Picasso painted several portraits for her and their son around 19 17 (for example, Paul plays a clown; 1924, picasso museum), and many friends. The couple moved into a luxury apartment in Paris, and Picasso merged into the fashion world and lost contact with his bohemian youth.

In the early postwar period, Picasso once painted in a style called "classicism", which marked a resistance to the experimental enthusiasm in previous years. Picasso's most impressive works in this period are characterized by extremely powerful figures, which are solid and magnificent in ancient sculpture, such as Three Women in Spring (new york Museum of Modern Art, 192 1). Other works, such as those of Pan (1923, picasso museum), are inspired by myths.

However, this calm was short-lived, because in the mid-1920s, Picasso became interested in surrealism, and then began to draw some strong expressive paintings, which reflected his despair of an increasingly unfortunate marriage. Three Dancers (1925, Tate Gallery, London) is the key work of his career at this stage.

Several cubist paintings of1early 1930s emphasized harmonious curves and lines, expressed potential pornography, and reflected the happiness of Picasso and his new lover Marie Therese Walter, their daughter Ma? A in 1935. Mary Therese is often portrayed as sleeping. She is also a model of the famous Girl in front of the Mirror (1932, Museum of Modern Art). 1935, Picasso created the etched work Minotaur March, which is an important work combining the themes of Minotaur and bullfighting; In this painting, the cut horse and bull foretell the image of guernica. This painting is often called the most important single work of the 20th century.

Eight. Guernica

During the Spanish Civil War, shortly after German planes supporting General Franco bombed the town of guernica in the Basque country on April 26th, Picasso began to paint guernica. It was completed in less than two months, and guernica was hung in the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Fair at 1937. This painting does not depict the event; On the contrary, Picasso expressed his anger by using such things as bulls, dying horses, fallen soldiers, mothers and dead children, women trapped in burning buildings, another person who rushed into the scene and a person who leaned out of the window and held a lamp. Although the symbolic meaning is complicated and there is no clear explanation, guernica has exerted a great influence in describing the horror of war. It is now hanging in the 20th Century Art Museum in Madrid, the Reina Sophia Art Center. Dora Maar, Picasso's companion at that time, took photos of guernica while working.

Nine. Later works

During the German occupation of Paris in World War II, Picasso remained stubbornly in Paris, but after the war, he mainly lived in the south of France, from 1948 to Rees, Vasco Var?o, and from 196 1 year to his death in the villa Notre Dame de Paris. He has maintained a high productivity in his long life (especially in ceramics, which he started in 1946), but it is generally believed that his post-war works are not as important and interesting as his early works. 1died on April 8, 973 at the age of 9 1.

Introduction to Chinese

Picasso, as the main representative of modern French painting school, is the most creative artist. There are almost no artists in the 20th century, especially western artists, who are not influenced by him. Picasso's artistic achievements include painting, sculpture, pottery, book binding and so on. Picasso began painting at the age of 9, and both the quality and quantity were amazing. His works total about 60,000 pieces, including10,000 oil paintings. This talented artist seems to have accomplished everything he wanted accurately in every moment of his extremely long creative activities.

Father: Jose Luize blasco

Mother: Maria Picasso Lopez

18811kloc-0/was born in malaga, southern Spain on October 25th.

1888/9 7/8 years old, painting under the guidance of his father (art teacher).

1889 completed his first oil painting at the age of 8, depicting a matador.

1895 14 years old entered Barcelona longha art school, where his father taught. The entrance examination is classical art and still life sketch, which can be completed in one month according to the regulations, and Picasso completed it in one day.

1896 15-year-old work "The First Eucharist" participated in the Barcelona Art and Industry Exhibition.

1897 16 years old, entered the san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. But I often miss classes. I prefer to visit the Prado Art Museum. There, he can get in touch with the works of Spanish masters: greco, Velazquez and Goya. His work "Science and Charity" won the honorary prize of the National Art Exhibition in Madrid, and later won the gold medal in Malaga.

1898 17 years old frequented the "Four Cats" pub and began to associate with the avant-garde art circle. Get rid of Casa Guimas and Sha butters, and he will become his private secretary in the future.

1900 19 held his first solo exhibition in the four cats pub. I went to Paris with Casa Guimas for the first time and lived in Montmartre.

190 1 20-year-old friend Casa Guimas committed suicide because of lovelorn love, which triggered Picasso to paint in blue tones, and the blue period began. The first solo exhibition in Paris was held in Fra Gallery, and 15 paintings had been sold before the opening.

1902 2 1 year-old completed the "blue selfie".

1903 finished Life at the age of 22. Express the sufferings of poverty, old age and loneliness with a strong blue tone. I went back to Spain three times between 1900- 1903.

1904 23-year-old "laundry boat" settled in Paris. I met Fernand Olivier and lived together. I often go to the circus, and the pink period begins.

24-year-old, 1905 created The Busker with the theme of Circus. Art exhibitions are valued. Meet the Jacqueline Stein brothers and sisters.

1906 when I was 25 years old, I was deeply impressed by the Iberian Peninsula sculpture exhibition at the Louvre. Meet Matisse, the fauvism master.

At the age of 26, 1907 wrote The Maiden of avignon. Go to the folk museum to see African sculptures. Visit two Cezanne retrospective exhibitions. Meet Blake.

1908 Braque, 27, held the cubist art exhibition for the first time.

1909 analysis of cubism at the age of 28. Become neighbors with Blake. Be the head of Fernand.

19 1 1 30 years old, printed letters were first put into the composition. I met Eva Gu Wei.

19 12 3 1 year-old broke up with Fernandez. Finish the first collage "Still Life of Rattan Chair". Cooperate with Braque on paper stickers to develop synthetic cubism.

Ava, 34, died of tuberculosis.

1917 when I was 36 years old, I went to Italy to design a stage for ballets russes and met the dancer Olga Koklova.

1918 married Olga at the age of 37. Because ballet comes into contact with high society. Hold a joint exhibition with Matisse.

I met Milo at the age of 38.

192 1 40-year-old eldest son Paul (192 1- 1975) was born.

1922 4 1 year-old, she created Two Women Running by the Sea.

1924 at the age of 43, he painted many decorative cubist still life paintings.

During the period of1916/7-1924, the ballet stage was designed many times.

At the age of 44, 1925 wrote Dance, which first alluded to the tense relationship with Ou Jia. Participate in the first exhibition of surrealism.

1926 at the age of 45, he made a series of "guitars" by assembling things.

1927 at the age of 46, I met Mary-Teresa Walter who was only 17 years old.

1929 at the age of 48, he worked with sculptor Gong Sahles to create sculptures and wire. Make a series of aggressive paintings with female heads as the theme to show the crisis of marriage. Understand Dali

193 1 50 years old, he set up a sculpture studio in Baiji Road Castle. Attend the first surrealist exhibition in America.

1932 5 1 year-old takes Mary Teresa as the model.

1933 at the age of 52, he created etching prints (Flora series prints) with the theme of sculptor's studio. Fernand Olivier publishes memoirs.

1934 53-year-old bullfighting works. Publish a sculpture made of fabric as a model.

1935 54 years old separated from Olga and Paul in June. Mary Teresa and Picasso's daughter Maya was born in September.

1936 at the age of 55, I met Dora Maar, a Yugoslav female photographer and painter.

1937 wrote guernica at the age of 56.

At the age of 58, 1939 painted the same portrait of Mary Teresa and Dora.

1943 at the age of 62, I met farnsworth Giraud at the age of 22. Make a collection of Niutou.

1944 joined the French production party at the age of 63.

1945 At the age of 64, Yu Muluo completed the first batch of lithographs.

1946 65 years old cohabiting with Farnsworth Giraud. Interview with Matisse.

1947 66-year-old Farnsworth Giraud gave birth to Claude. Pottery was first made in the studio of ceramist Hamier, 1948 * * *, and 2000 pieces of pottery were made.

1949 68-year-old farnsworth Giro gave birth to Palema. Make a "pigeon" stone poster for the World Peace Conference.

1950 was awarded the Lenin Peace Medal at the age of 69.

1953 The 72-year-old man met Jacqueline Locke in the Madura pottery workshop.

1954 broke up with farnsworth Giraud at the age of 73. Matisse died (Picasso once said that "only Matisse is a real painter"). Started writing Delacroix's series of variations on Algerian Women.

1955 Olga died at the age of 74.

1956 At the age of 75, I made the film The Mystery of Picasso with Crouzeau. Write to the * * * Production Party to protest against Russia's invasion of Hungary.

1957 the 76-year-old painting Committee has more than 40 varieties of "maids" in Las Gatz.

1959 made a series of variations on Manet's Lunch on the Grass at the age of 78.

196 1 80 years old married Jacqueline, 35 years old.

1963 82-year-old painter and model series. Picasso Art Museum opens in Barcelona. Braque is dead.

1964 83-year-old farnsworth Giraud published his memoirs, which caused Picasso to break with Claude and Palermo.

1966 85-year-old Paris Grand Palace and Small Palace held a large-scale Picasso retrospective exhibition.

At the age of 89, 1970 donated the paintings kept at home in Spain to the Picasso Art Museum in Barcelona.

works

1881-1900 childhood

188 1 10 Picasso was born in Malaga, southern Spain;

1889 completed the first oil painting "matador";

1895 entered Barcelona longha art school;

1897 Entered the Royal san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. His oil painting "Science and Charity" won the honorary prize of the National Art Exhibition in Madrid, and later won the gold medal in Malaga.

1900 ——1903 blue period

1902 completed the "blue selfie";

1903, he finished his life, and expressed the sufferings of poverty, old age and loneliness with a strong blue tone;

1904 ——1906 rising period

1904 the "laundry boat" that began to settle in Paris began in the rose period. Meet Fernand Olivier and live together;

1905, he wrote "The Boy" with a pipe, which was bought by the philanthropist Ms. John Hestney for a huge sum of 30,000 dollars.

1906, met Matisse, the master of fauvism, and painted the portrait of American writer and collector Chustein. The Portrait of Stein is a springboard for Picasso to leap from the "rose period" to the "cubism".

1907- 19 16 cubist period

/kloc-met Braque in 0/907, and began to create cubist style, creating "The Girl of avignon";

1909 analytical cubism began; Create "The Head of Fernand";

1917-1924 classical period

19 17 met the dancer Olga koklova in Italy and created the portrait of Olga;

19 18 married Olga and held a joint exhibition with Matisse;

1920 hand-painted coral version of the triangle hat;

1922 created two women running by the sea;

1925- 1932 surrealist period

1927, I met Mary Teresa Valki, who was only 17 years old, and became a Picasso model. And gave birth to a daughter Maggie;

1929 together with the sculptor Gong Sahles, he created sculptures and wire structures. Make a series of aggressive paintings with female heads as the theme, show the marriage crisis and get to know Dali;

1932 ——1945 metamorphosis period

1932 created The Woman in the Red Armchair;

1933 Create etching paintings with the theme of sculptor's studio.

1934 created works with the theme of bullfighting;

1936 Spanish civil war broke out. Know Dora. Mar, and created a portrait of Dora Maar;

Guernica wrote on1937;

1942 created the print "The Story of Nature"

1943, met Fran? ois Giraud, 22;

/kloc-joined the French * * * production party in 0/944;

1945 began to try lithograph creation;

1946 ——1973 pastoral period

1947 son Claude was born. He made pottery in the studio of hamill, a Potter, and made 2,000 pieces of pottery art with 1948 * * *.

1948 made posters of "dove of peace" and "twenty poems by gongola" for the world peace conference;

1949 created Carmen series;

1950 won the Lenin Peace Medal;

1953, met Jacqueline Locke in Madura Ceramic Workshop;

1954 began to create a series of variations of "Algerian Women" by Delacroix;

1956, the film "Mysterious Picasso" was released, with Crouzeau * * *;

1957, Picasso's 75th anniversary exhibition was held in new york Museum of Modern Art, and the print "Bullfighting Series" was created.

1958 Picasso created the mural "The Fall of Icarus" for the UNESCO headquarters building in Paris;

1959 created a series of variations imitating MANET's Lunch on the Grass;

196 1 married 35-year-old Jacqueline Locke to celebrate Picasso's 80th birthday;

Painters and models in 1963;

1966, a large-scale retrospective exhibition of Picasso was held in the Grand Palace and the Small Palace in Paris. Creation of quicksand series;

1968 created a series of prints of Lapis lazuli and Ridiculous Man;

1970, nearly 2,000 early works preserved in Spain were donated to Picasso Museum in Barcelona;

197 1 year, the exhibition of Picasso's 90th birthday was held at the National Museum of Modern Art in Paris;

1973, aged 92, died in Zhan Mu, near Cannes, on April 8th. On April 10, he was buried in the villa garden of Fuwennaju.