Do photographers and models have to be authorized?

1, this is an academic dispute. The jurisprudence of each court is different. From the perspective of China University of Political Science and Law and Haidian Court, it should be. Because the photos transferred to the model are for personal use only, not for profit, if published, they will be for profit and become written works, so you have to pay separately. But in practice, there are different disputes, which is the focus of legal disputes. Judges have great discretion. 2. it should be. If there is no model authorization, Xiao Yahe Publishing House is a co-defendant in the lawsuit and bears joint tort liability.