What are the classifications of colors?

What are the classifications of colors?

In the ever-changing color world, people feel rich colors visually, which can be divided into primary colors, intermediate colors and composite colors, but as far as color system is concerned, it can be divided into two categories: achromatic color system and colored color system. Below, I will tell you about color classification in detail, hoping to help you!

Types of colors

primary colour

Basic colors that cannot be decomposed are called primary colors. Primary colors can be synthesized into other colors, and other colors cannot be restored to their original colors. There are only three primary colors, the three primary colors of color light are red, green and blue, and the three primary colors of pigment are magenta (bright rose red), yellow and blue (lake blue). The three primary colors of color light can synthesize all colors and stack them together to get white light.

Theoretically, the three primary colors of pigment can be mixed into any other color, and black can be added to the same tone. Because the commonly used pigments contain other chemical components besides pigments, the purity of two or more pigments will be affected when they are mixed. The more colors mixed, the lower the purity and brightness. Adding the three primary colors of pigment can only get a black turbid color, not pure black.

secondary color

An intermediate color that is a mixture of two primary colors. There are only three intermediate colors: magenta, yellow and cyan (lake blue), which are called "complementary colors" in some color photography books, referring to the complementary relationship on the color circle.

The three colors of pigments, namely orange, green and purple, are also called secondary colors. It must be pointed out that the three colors of color and light are precisely the three primary colors of pigments. This interlaced relationship constitutes a complex relationship between color light, pigment and color vision, and also constitutes a rich content of color principles and laws.

secondary colour

Two intermediate colors or the primary colors of a pigment and their corresponding intermediate colors (red and cyan, yellow and blue, green and magenta) are mixed to obtain a composite color, which is also called the third color. Composite color contains all the primary color components, but the proportion of each primary color is not equal, thus forming different tones such as red gray, yellow gray and green gray (not listed here).

Because the three primary colors of colored light plus white light, there are two results: one is that colored light does not have complicated colors, and the other is that colored light does not have gray color matching. If the tones between the two colors are added, only a light primary color light will be produced. Take yellow light plus green light as an example:

Yellow light+cyan light = red light+green light+green light+blue light = green light+white light = bright green light

Color system of color

Colored system

Refers to all colors contained in the visible spectrum, with red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple as the basic colors. Different mixing amounts between primary colors, and different mixing amounts between primary colors and achromatic colors, all colors produced in Qian Qian belong to chromaticity system. The color system is determined by the wavelength and amplitude of light, the wavelength determines the tone, and the amplitude determines the tone.

Any color in the chromaticity system has three attributes, namely hue, lightness and purity. In other words, as long as a color has the above three attributes, it belongs to the chromatic system.

Achromatic color system

Refers to a series of shades of gray, consisting of black, white and black and white. Physically, they are not included in the visible spectrum, so they cannot be called colors. But as far as visual physiology and psychology are concerned, they have complete colorfulness and should be included in the color system.

Achromatic series gradually changes from white to light gray, medium gray, dark gray and even black according to certain changing rules, which is called black-and-white series in chromatics. The change of black-and-white series from white to black can be represented by a vertical axis, with one end being white, one end being black, and various transitional grays in the middle. Pure white is an ideal completely reflecting object, and pure black is an ideal completely absorbing object. However, there are no pure white and pure black objects in real life. Zinc white and lead white used for pigments can only be close to pure white, and coal black can only be close to pure black.

The color of achromatic color system is only the change of lightness, but it does not have the nature of hue and purity, that is, their hue and purity are equal to zero theoretically. The brightness of two colors can be expressed in black and white, and the closer to white, the higher the brightness; The closer to black, the lower the brightness.

Color matching skill

The purpose of studying color is to make use of color, that is, to maximize the role of color. The meaning and content of color are complex and changeable in artistic creation and expression, but it has the international characteristics of * * * in appreciation and interpretation, which shows that it is not only vivid in people's minds, but also a beautiful popular language. Therefore, through the psychological analysis of color, we can find out its various characteristics and use color reasonably and effectively.

First, the red system.

The red system is the color from magenta to vermilion on the color ring. Its stimulating effect is great, and its attention and popularity are high. Big red is the hottest color in the warm color system, and the primary color of red system can greatly stimulate people's psychology.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: hot, lively, broad, eye-catching, spicy, tired, opaque, healthy, bloody, lively, Christmas, sun, lipstick, * * party, dry, beaming, married, happy, enthusiastic, passionate, loving and gorgeous.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: health, perfection, innocence, baby, warm water, romance, quick sweetness, cosmetics, beauty and femininity.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people have the following psychological feelings: withering, dusk, stubbornness, loneliness, haggard, worry, autumn, uneasiness, ancient and arbitrary.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: nausea, sludge, boredom, sadness, melancholy, gloom, loneliness and groggy.

Second, the yellow-red color system

The yellow-red color system is very similar to the red color system, with orange as the center, and other colors such as orange, Huang Dan, persimmon red, ochre and amber form the yellow-red color system. Its color stimulus is not as big as red, but its color nature is frivolous and impulsive, so it has great visual vigilance, strong visual recognition and eye-catching feeling. Not many people like high-purity yellow and red, but when the color system becomes lighter or turbid, many people like it. Many items seen in daily life are of this color, especially light beige, which can promote appetite; Dark brown and other colors make people feel calm and stable, and such colors are ideal design colors.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: orange, persimmon, the tip of the flame, intense, impulsive, cheerful, jumping, passionate rock, hippie, gorgeous, sunny, rich, sweet, sweet, bright, happy, excited, young, energetic, naughty, confused, irritable and bored.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: tenderness, warmth, warmth, softness, aftertaste, harmony, suppleness, pleasure, lightness and kindness.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people have the following psychological feelings: earthy, calm, steady, antique, old-fashioned, pessimistic, affectionate, elegant, serious and formal.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: dust, beach, hometown, nostalgia, stupidity, depression and retirement.

Third, the yellow series

Yellow is the brightest color in the color system, and it is also the color system with the biggest emotional difference from solid color and other colors in general. Including golden yellow, gamboge, lemon yellow, beige, egg yolk, khaki and other colors. Yellow is the most eye-catching color because of its high lightness, but it is mild and less irritating in warm colors, so it gives people a sense of neutralization.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: gold, eyes, golden light, banana yellow, papaya yellow, sunflower, brilliance, dazzling, clarity, happiness, health, self-confidence, development, bright future, hope, honor, nobility, preciousness, value, generosity, boldness, positivity, wealth, credibility and optimism.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people have the following psychological feelings; Thin, delicate, lovely, naive, milky, not noble, insincere, contemptuous and indecent.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel hopeless, changeable, poor, criminal, vulgar, secret and teasing.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel uncomfortable, listless, unhealthy, lazy, low, dirty, insulted, groaned, outdated and abandoned.

Fourth, the yellow-green system

Yellow-green is the middle color between yellow and green, and it is also the color of budding plants in spring. Green, light green and light green are its main colors. The yellow-green color is very mild. Psychologically speaking, this color system is simpler than other colors and has a neutral feeling.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: new green, budding, freshness, spring, March, growth, growth, green and New Year.

Lively, sober, approachable, pure, simple, naive, full of vitality, subtle, new, beginning, thriving, full of vitality and life.

Feeling, childish, ignorant, immature, lucky and optimistic.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people have the following psychological feelings: tender, crisp, cool, fragrant, light, mint, bright and easy to break.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: kimchi, drowning, sauerkraut, sadness, injustice, being beaten, dying, crying.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: stale, warm and wet, hesitant, maladjusted, tacky, confused and discouraged.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) green department

Green is mostly plant color. In nature, except the sky and the sea, green occupies the largest area. In people's minds, green ranges from yellow-green to turquoise. In fact, the correct range should be centered on grass green, about 18. Within range. The stimulation and lightness of green are not high, and its nature is extremely mild. It is a neutral cool color, and most people like this color.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: vegetation, lawn, green leaves, parks, green spaces, countryside, nature, freshness, immaturity, shyness, calmness, comfort, peace of mind, comfort, hyperopia, sound, life, peace, stability, safety, reliability and trust.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: tenderness, refreshing, lightness, gentleness, quietness, lightness, comfort, levity and transparency.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: stability, selfishness, superstition, silence, hard work and preparedness.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: dampness, bad luck, decay, anxiety, loss, wasting your mind and having no opinion.

Sixth, turquoise series

This color system is sandwiched between cyan and green, close to dark green. There are few green leaves of vegetation close to sky blue, generally from yellow, red, yellow, yellow-green, green to turquoise. The lightness or attention of turquoise is similar to that of green, except that it is calmer and cooler than green, and other psychological feelings are similar to green.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: shade, lush foliage, deep valleys and clear springs, big trees, forests, black pine, green pool, grass lake, deep sea, Cangling, cool, cool, deep, heavy, peaceful, sleepy, quiet, inert, stable, thoughtful and intelligent.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: cold water, cool wind, indifference, open-minded optimism, indifference, nobility, elegance, monotony, exquisiteness, indifference and worry-free.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: wily, tenacious, timid, closed and self-controlled, cold and hard, dull and heavy, gloomy and solemn.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: confusion, embarrassment, depression, poor legs and feet, corruption, unemployment, being aloof from the world and being unremarkable.

Seven, cyan.

Usually refers to the sky blue, including blue-purple and blue-green colors, such as navy, Kong Quelan, sky blue, cobalt blue, sky blue, ultramarine, Prussian blue and so on. Cyan is brighter and brighter than blue, and its character is quite calm, contrary to the stimulation of scarlet, especially suitable for the elderly or intellectuals. The color of cyan is calm and there is no illusion change. Therefore, there are many places worth studying in the sensory application of weight, area, weight and time.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: sky, sea, cold water, space, Qingyun, sapphire, cold, distant, vast, infinite, free, flying, proud, eternal, transparent, cold, passive, calm, rational, thoughtful, profound, noble, kind, dignified and authoritative.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: light, clean, smart, clever, thin, elegant, leisurely, thin, soft and shy.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel mysterious, heavy, stormy, pessimistic, deep, unpredictable, withdrawn and indifferent.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: vulgarity, pity, wailing, clumsiness, stagnation, pressure, poverty, depression and crime.

Eight, cyan color system

Purple and yellow are complementary colors with very low brightness, which is generally called blue. Blue-purple itself is dark, so the pure effect is not obvious and the attention is poor. There must be a background, and the color has a feeling of shrinking.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: dull, hurt, deserted space, profound, rare, desolate, cruel, secret, philosophical, magical, lightning, violence, fear, ghost, sneaky, sacred, insidious, hell, exciting, lonely, noble, hegemonic, severe, rude and fierce.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: confusion, enchanting beauty, fantasy, love, preference, quietness, indifference, ruthlessness, parting, contribution, Leng Yan, strange love and humility.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: cold night, harshness, forced marriage, ignorance, stubbornness, gloom, evil, cruelty and concealment.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: worry, rejection, disgust, misfortune, aging, anxiety, odor, worry, depression and inferiority.

Nine, purple department

Purple is one of neutral colors, and its visibility is not as good as its attention, that is, its visual effect is not as good as its sensory effect. Women, especially mature women, are more suitable to use purple. It is one of women's favorite colors and has the characteristics of maturity and exquisiteness.

1. Pure colors make people feel the following psychological feelings: morning glow, ziyun, cosmetics, young women, dance floor, coffee house, artistry, elegance, emotional appeal, mystery, sacredness, innovation, nobility, exquisiteness, charm, generosity, charm, gentleness, expression, richness, expensiveness, pride, luxury, gorgeousness and whitewashing.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel feminine, elegant, lover-like, subtle, charming, delicate, delicate, lovely, dissolute and shy.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: secrecy, lovelorn, hypocrisy, longing, introversion and loss of self-confidence.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: decay, rejection, aging, memory, repentance, atrophy, contradiction, floating and decay.

Red-purple series

Red and purple feel warmer than purple, but not as hot as red, belonging to neutral warm color. The popularity and attention are between purple and red, which is a color that both men and women like.

1. Solid colors give people the following feelings:

Warm, lipstick, women, red peony, cherry blossoms, bars, restaurants, love, caressing, fragrance, kissing, lust, sex appeal, enthusiasm, romance, love, delicate and charming, luxury, fragrance, teasing, gorgeous, rich, generous, sweet, warm, teasing, honey trap, intimacy and openness. Officialdom, satisfaction, enjoyment, idleness, environmental improvement.

2. Pure color plus white (clear color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: Wen Ya, coquettish, delicate, gentle, beautiful, dreamy, fond, sweet and newly married.

3. Pure color plus black (dark color) makes people feel the following psychological feelings: wildness, toxicity, threat, misfortune, selfishness and emotional blockage.

4. Pure color plus gray (turbid color) makes people feel discouraged, jealous, depressed, degraded, insulted, sad, stale, worried and guilty.

XI。 White series

White is neutral (achromatic). In addition to temperature psychology, it is a highly active color in terms of lightness and attention, especially in color matching, which has a high status and can generally participate in color activities. Its reflectivity is the highest, which is very stimulating both physically and psychologically. Although the hue and purity of white have not changed, due to the different reflectivity, there will be a feeling of cold or warm, or there will be a tendency of complementary color through contrast.

The color of white makes people feel the following psychological feelings: white paper, white clouds, white walls, white cloth, white clothes, White House, cleanliness, liveliness, hygiene, whiteness, innocence, innocence, truthfulness, simplicity, purity, integrity, holiness, equality, sense of justice, brightness, tranquility, purity, indifference, uncontroversial, failure and innocence.

black

Psychologically speaking, black is a very special color (achromatic). It is not irritating in itself, but it can be matched with other colors to increase the sense of excitement. Black not only represents a dull night, but also represents a state of rest and detachment. Black has the change of lightness elements, and various tones can be added to reduce its color, purity and lightness. Black makes people feel the following psychological feelings: night, black cloth, ink, black charcoal, black hair, crow, mourning, dress, nun, funeral, darkness, bad luck, capital punishment, injustice, firmness, hardness, faith, piety, silence, stillness, despair, sadness, seriousness, death, sludge, nothingness and the underworld.

XII. Grey System

Gray is an authentic neutral color, which is a light black produced by adding white to black. Its popularity and attention are very low, and its color attributes are more obedient. Its function is not only not to interfere with other colors, but also to be easily mixed with other colors to coordinate other colors. The color of gray ranges from light gray to dark gray, with many levels and different color feelings.

Gray makes people have the following psychological feelings: cloudy days, ditches, cement walls, charcoal ash, dust, shadows, smoke screens, dark clouds, dense fog, depression, mediocrity, ambiguity, passiveness, helplessness, subjectivity, modesty, roughness, depression, misfortune, obscurity, lethargy, forgetfulness, carelessness, obedience and moderation.

The above psychological analysis of various colors is mainly to explain the characteristics of color psychology, which is helpful for designers to use colors reasonably according to different expression contents in actual design, so that the expression contents and the colors used complement each other and finally produce an ideal color artistic conception.

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