Jena's detailed introduction

Jena, famous for its optical industry, is a German optical precision instrument manufacturing center, with Carl Zeiss factory and short glass factory. Nowadays, whenever the city of Jena in Thuringia, Germany is mentioned, people may immediately think of those expensive glass lenses used in optical instruments.

As early as 1846, Carl? Zeiss set up his own precision optical equipment workshop, and then he not only owned his own business, but also made Jena famous, Carl? Zeiss Jena-this trademark has enjoyed international fame since then. But for this city located in the green heart of Germany, besides Zeiss's products, there are many commendable places. Many people in China may not know Jena, but most of them have heard of another related name, Zeiss, a German Zeiss company, which is famous for producing high-quality lenses and precision optical instruments. The earliest camera in the world used Zeiss lens, and many optical instruments in the world also used Zeiss lens. Even Japanese companies with the highest level of camera manufacturing technology use Zeiss lenses, such as Sony cameras. The famous German Zeiss Company was born in Jena.

Carl Zeiss is an apprentice who just graduated from high school. Because of his interest in optics and chemistry for many years, Carl spent a long time auditing at the local University of Jena after his apprenticeship expired. 1846, 30-year-old Carl started a studio. His early products were magnifying glasses and simple microscopes. Thanks to the help of two great scientists, Ernst Abbe and Otto Short, the quality of optical lenses in Zeiss factory has always been in the leading position. Before World War II, the workshop in Dresden was the largest camera factory in the world. At the end of World War II, General Patton's Third Army occupied Jena. Because the Yalta Treaty stipulated that American positions must retreat to the west, Germany was split in two, and Jena and Dresden were occupied by Soviet troops. With the support of the University of Jena, the logo of "Carl Zeiss Jena" soon appeared again. The key management and technical personnel of 126 Zeiss plundered by Barton, with the support of the United States, also rebuilt the factory in Oberkochen, Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Carl Zeiss also gained a new life in the "capitalist" society, and the Zeiss factory was split in two. Carl Zeiss Jena in East Germany was called "East Cai" in history, and carl zeiss in West Germany was called "West Cai" in history. Everything about Cai has been labeled as genuine Zeiss. In fact, both sides inherited the tradition of Zeiss in design. It is this competition that makes Zeiss more perfect in optical technology.

1998 Carl Zeiss is the world's leading manufacturer of optical instruments, leading in microscope and industrial measurement technology, high-performance lenses for microchip manufacturing, surgical microscopes and ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment systems. In 2000, carl zeiss Group broke through 26 fields and concentrated its business in four growth markets: semiconductor technology and microelectronics, life science, eye protection and industrial measurement technology. Carl Zeiss 2000 is full of confidence in the future semiconductor technology. As a result, carl zeiss invested and built the most modern new factory in Europe in Oberkochen, which was used to manufacture optical lithography systems and set new standards. Later, the new factory covers an area of 45,000 square meters and employs about 1 1,000 people. From 200 1 10, the semiconductor technology business department was renamed as Carl Zeiss SMT AG as an independent company under Carl Zeiss. In 2002, the ophthalmology and Ascleption-Meditec AG departments were merged into Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, so Carl Zeiss group had its first listed branch. Zeiss not only created many employment opportunities, but also presented a national concert hall with a huge concert hall as a sponsor in this city and built a new main building for the university.

Carl Zeiss Group also owns a famous glass factory-Short Glass Factory. Schott Glaswerke AG is a German optical glass manufacturer. Short is a glass chemist with a doctorate. Ernst Abbe cooperated with Otto Short in 1879, and soon produced a new type of glass in 1886, which can fully express Abbe's sine theory. This new type of glass opens up a new way for the objective lens of a new microscope: apochromatic lens. Short specializes in producing glass for the new Carl Zeiss microscope. /kloc-a comprehensive factory was established in 0/884, and its ownership belongs to Zeiss, Abbe and Short, named Jena Short &; Ginosen optical factory. Jena glass has thus become the most famous glass in the world.

Jena is not only Carl Zeiss Company, but also Jena Optics Company, Short Company which produces high-quality glass, Wacker-Short Company which manufactures silicon wafers for solar cells, and dozens of research institutes and universities which develop optical and laser technologies. The urban population of Jena is only over 654.38+million, and the number of people engaged in manufacturing and research and development of optical products and related products is nearly 654.38+million. More than 40% of the optical and laser products exported by Germany are produced in Jena, and Jena deserves its reputation as the capital of light in Germany. Jena is a real university town, and many pedestrians coming and going around you are students of this university. The beautiful European architecture, high-tech industry and traditional philosophical atmosphere here give the city a strong cultural atmosphere. Especially the University of Jena, as one of the oldest universities in Germany, has its classical and modern buildings all over the city, which adds to the charm of Jena.

The full name of the University of Jena is Friedrich Schiller (Friedrich-Schiller-University &; AumlT Jena) is located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany, formerly known as Jena University, founded in 1558, and is one of the oldest universities in Germany; 1934 was renamed Friedrich Schiller university in memory of German poet Friedrich Schiller. The optical specialty of Jena University has a long history and is famous far and wide. The German Master's Degree (DaF) was rated as the top ten best masters in Germany. Friedrich Schiller University in Jena is a public university. Founded in 1558, this university became the center of German idealism in the "classical period" in Germany around 1800, and won high world honors. Scientists, philosophers, free thinkers, student associations, radical college students and revolutionary pioneer thinkers have forged the "Jena spirit", which is avant-garde and daunting. Not only inventions, but also political activities have a long history in Jena.

Jena University also has a lot to commend. The University of Jena has a collection of the oldest city maps in the world. One of the most powerful laser research institutes in the world is established in the research center of Jena University. Hegel once taught philosophy here; EEG was developed at the University of Jena. The new library is one of the most beautiful modern libraries in Germany.

Karl Marx was awarded a doctorate by the University of Jena. Jena once became a model city of socialism.

/kloc-Jena in the 0/8th century can indeed be compared with London and Paris. Because this "distribution center of knowledge and science"-the title given by Goethe-has gathered almost all the status and glory of Germany. Hegel, Ficht and Schelling, as well as Schiller and Lai Gul brothers, all taught in universities, while Heldring, Novalis and brentano sat there listening to lectures. Their names represent the glorious period of German classicism and romanticism. We can't forget the natural scientist ernst haeckel, who is probably the most important evolutionist after Darwin. In the residence of the publisher Ernst Froman, which is now the seat of the Germanic Language Institute, many scholars come to hold tea parties. Philosopher georg wilhelm friedrich hegel is a frequent visitor here, but when Napoleon's army arrived in Jena, he still had his philosophical masterpiece Phenomenology under his arm.

Feelings for the vivid past make pedestrians walking in the streets of Jena fall in love. This is because the city and the university campus are integrated as in the past. Especially in the pedestrian area of the old city, the residents are all college students. The combination of old and new shows the artistic style of high-tech glass buildings in the new university. The new university campus appeared in the old site of the original Zeiss General Factory in the city center. It is in harmony with the truss architectural style of ancient churches and similar toy houses.

Jena, the university town of Thuringia, is multifaceted. Modern architecture with trendy design is in harmony with ancient architecture showing Jena's tradition and history. The outline of Jena is reflected in the majestic Renta and the late Gothic Saint Michael. Other historic buildings worth seeing are the old city hall, Johannesburg and its gunpowder tower, the university building and the main building of the university. Located in the market, the beautiful old city hall is two connected buildings. It is very strong and has a baroque truss tower. This is one of the oldest city halls in Germany. The most attractive thing is "Schnapphans" standing in the octagonal tower art clock. This is a painted oak man who pecks the ball in front of him once an hour.

Due to the influence of carl zeiss, Ernst Abbe and Otto Short, Jena is known as the "cradle of optical industry". Therefore, many museums in Jena are dedicated to displaying history and the development of the future-oriented industrial sector. Exhibitions on related topics can be seen in the Optischen Museum, Zeiss Planetarium and Schott-Glasmuseum. Stadtmuseum shows people the city's historical and modern works of art, while the achievements of zoologist ernst haeckel are on display at the University's Phyletisches Museum. Jena Museum of Optics

Since 1965, Optisches Museum Jena of Jena has fully demonstrated the cooperative achievements of carl zeiss, physicist Ernst Abbe and glass technology expert Otto Short. This museum shows the development of optical instruments in cultural history and technology in the past 500 years. The exhibition in the museum begins with documents and materials about Zeiss, Abbe and Short. This simple microscope, Abbe's aperture meter and Short's glass process experiment connected the scientific achievements of these three people. There are a lot of exhibits on display in the museum, ranging from electron microscope and stereoscopic microscope to reflecting telescope. The museum displays one of the largest collections of glasses in Europe, as well as telescopes, microscopes, photographic equipment from darkrooms to digital cameras and many other exhibits. From reading glasses to space telescopes, people can see almost everything related to optics here. The exhibition "1866 Zeiss ancient factory" shows the preliminary situation of Jena's optical industry. The holographic collection and the unique astronomical technology exhibition in the world show the development of modern optics. The jena museum, located in the neo-gothic building in the market square, shows people the city's history and modern art collection.

Jena, located in the beautiful Salertal, is undoubtedly a city of art and culture. Famous poets and thinkers were attracted by it and left their footprints here. Visitors can experience romance in the romantic house or Schiller's garden cabin. Theatre, short art stage and Harald-Seime- pantomime theatre will organize modern cultural activities.

Romantic pai home

The former philosopher's residence is now a literature museum-Romantic Museum. Based on the cultural and spiritual historical background here, the exhibition tells the story of Jena's early romanticism and explains why famous literary critics, natural scientists and philosophers (such as Fichte and Schelling) and poets (such as Schiller) are magically attracted to Jena. Visitors to Yale are best located in Schiller Lane (Schiller? Theaterhaus Jena of Chen) experiences modern drama art, Teutonengasse has a variety of colorful programs on the small art stage, and harald-theater Harald Seime provides people with the best pantomime performance. Jena, located in the beautiful Salertal, is undoubtedly a city of art and culture. Famous poets and thinkers were attracted by it and left their footprints here. Visitors can experience romance in the romantic house or Schiller's garden cabin. Theatre, short art stage and Harald-Seime- pantomime theatre will organize modern cultural activities.

In addition to special cultural activities, this university town also hosts many other colorful activities throughout the year, including music performances from Dixieland to jazz, city festivals, sports events and some special activities. The highlights of the event are museum night, ancient city festival and bar celebration. In addition, Imaginata provides many attractive activities. "Horizon" is a bicycle lane around Jena, which is100km long and passes through forest-covered mountains and charming limestone slopes. On the horizontal line, people can get a glimpse of the beautiful scenery of Jena, a university town on the Salle River, and even discover the local orchid plants themselves.

In 2008, Jena won the title of "Scientific City" in the competition with many cities in Germany. Just like the Zeiss era, scientific research and economy appeared together in Geneve. Thuringia, an "emerging and prosperous city", was listed for business in a short time, and its transaction volume exceeded that of Frankfurt am Main, the financial capital of West Germany. According to the evaluation of McKinney Enterprise Securities Consulting Company, this city ranks behind Munich and before Dresden, and is one of the three innovation centers in Germany. With 6,300 employees, Friedrich Schiller University has become the largest employer in Thuringia, and the surrounding areas have also moved into famous scientific research institutions. Many companies, such as Jena Optical Company, Yena Glass Company, Jena Pharmaceutical Company and Leica Microsystems Company, or institutions such as René Institute of Biology, have added a new chapter to the entrepreneurial history of this city.