Matching classification

According to the packaging shape and raw materials used, there are three kinds of daily matches: wooden stick matches, wax paper stick matches and book matches.

(1) Wooden match: Matchsticks with a square cross section are made of cork, the ends of which are coated with paraffin wax and paste. After drying, they are put into a small box made of sawdust or cardboard, and the sides of the box are coated with phosphorus. For the most common matches.

② Waxed paper stalk matches: referred to as wax stalk matches. Soak the tissue paper in melted paraffin, then squeeze it into a long rod with a round or square cross section, and then cut it into match sticks. Suitable for areas lacking wood. Because of the large wax content in the stem, the ignition performance is good, and the burning time is 2 ~ 3 times longer than that of the wooden stem with the same specification, so it is suitable for outdoor work environments such as navigation, fishing and hunting, and exploration. However, paraffin wax is easy to soften at higher temperature, which reduces the hardness of branches and affects the use, so it is not suitable for tropical areas.

(3) Book-style matches: named for their flat packaging and book-like appearance. Its branches are die-cut from sawdust or cardboard, and every 10 or 15 branches form a group, one end of which is connected with the base in a comb shape, and one end of the stem tip is coated with paraffin wax and medicinal slurry. After the matches are made, they are bound into a book with a cardboard cover. The phosphorus layer is coated on the cover binding. When in use, tear off and scratch one by one. This kind of collocation is beautiful in appearance and convenient to carry. Special matches adopt special medicine head formula to produce different special functions. There are five main types:

① Windproof and waterproof matches: the tip contains about 15% more oxidant than ordinary matches, which has strong ignition performance; The surface is covered with a moisture-proof film to prevent moisture; The head is thick and long, about 5 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. After rubbing, it burns at a speed of 4 ~ 6 mm per second, which can burn evenly for 5 ~ 7 seconds. This feature makes it resistant to strong winds and heavy rains, and is suitable for field workers such as geology, hydrology, meteorology, navigation, fishing and hunting.

(2) High temperature preparation: the drug head is divided into two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a medicinal material of windproof and waterproof matches; The outer layer is made of ferroferric oxide, aluminum, magnesium powder and other raw materials bonded by nitrocellulose solution. The size and specifications are similar to those of wind-resistant and waterproof matches. When burning, it can produce high temperature above 1200℃, which can be used to ignite welding agent, so it is also called welding match.

③ Signal matching: also known as signal tube. The cylinder is 2.5 ~ 3cm in diameter and16 ~ 38cm in length. The phosphorus layer is coated on the end of the cylinder head. When strontium nitrate or barium nitrate, basic copper carbonate and other substances are mixed into medicinal materials, they can emit continuous flames of different colors, such as red, blue and white, and the illumination can reach 80-800 candlelight, which can be used for signal communication of railway vehicles or ships sailing at night.

4 burn matches many times: it can be lit repeatedly and burned many times. This kind of match is made of chemical substances such as potassium chlorate, sulfur, cellulose diacetate, paraformaldehyde, filler, etc., mixed with acetone, and pressed into a rod-shaped match with a diameter of 2 ~ 5 mm, which is called a match core (there is no difference between a matchstick and a medicine head). It can be ignited by scratching on the phosphorus layer. Due to the flame retardant effect of diacetate fiber, the burning of ignition substance is controlled, so that the whole match will not burn once, and the purpose of multiple use is achieved. Matches that can be rubbed and burned for more than 600 times have been developed.

⑤ Photosensitive match: It will glow when burning, and it can make photographic film sensitive after illuminating the object. Can be used to take pictures instead of flash.