Three high school art lesson plans

# Teaching Plan # Introduction Education should be enjoyable, and all education should be fun. I have prepared three high school art lesson plans for you. I hope they will be helpful to you!

Bronze ware

Teaching purpose:

Through teaching, students will have an understanding of bronze ware with a long history in ancient Chinese arts and crafts, and cultivate appreciation of ancient arts and crafts. ability and improve the level of art appreciation.

Teaching focus:

1. In terms of types of arts and crafts, the focus should be on bronze ware, because it is an important part of ancient Chinese civilization and the continuation of ancient Chinese arts and crafts. Another most brilliant chapter after painted pottery.

2. In terms of mastering knowledge and mastering appreciation methods, the focus should be on mastering appreciation methods.

Teaching difficulties:

Mainly some professional terms and related historical and cultural knowledge.

Teaching time: 1 class hour

Teaching aid preparation: teaching materials, pictures, video tapes (L49).

Teaching process:

1. Organizing teaching: (conventional)

2. Introducing new courses:

In early ancient China Among arts and crafts, if pottery is a symbol of the Neolithic period in primitive society, then bronze craftsmanship can become a typical representative of arts and crafts in slave society.

In this lecture, students will be introduced to the emergence and development of bronze craftsmanship and its main artistic features. (Show the topic)

After experiencing the long journey from the primitive commune era, human beings entered the slave society. In China, bronze craftsmanship is the symbol of slave society civilization. Historians call the era of slavery the "Bronze Age."

The advanced casting technology of bronze ware fully reflects the highly developed productivity level during China's slave society. Its colorful shapes and patterns reflect the outstanding artistic creation of the Chinese working people.

1. What is bronze?

Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin-lead. Because red copper (pure copper) has a high melting point (1083C) and a low hardness, adding tin can lower the melting point (700-900C). , and increase the hardness, which has wide applicability in applications. Before humans used iron tools, they widely used bronze to cast various utensils.

2. Classification of Bronze Ware

The scope of bronze wares is very wide, and can be roughly divided into four categories in terms of function:

(1) Ritual wares: During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, some daily bronze wares were used as It was given special significance as a display during sacrifices and ceremonies and became a bronze ritual vessel. Such as tripod, Li, Zun, etc.

(2) Musical instruments: By the Spring and Autumn Period, musical instruments were even more indispensable in sacrifices and ceremonies. The so-called "Zhongming Dingshi" reflected the situation at that time, such as bells, bells, drums, etc.

(3) Weapons: The most unearthed weapons are from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There are Ge, Yue (yue), spear, sword, arrowhead (zu), etc.

(4) Tools and carriage equipment: such as plows, hoes, sickles, shovels, axes, etc.

In addition, the main categories of bronze daily utensils are: food utensils, wine utensils, water utensils, and daily miscellaneous utensils. Among them, food utensils and wine utensils are the main ones.

3． The main characteristics of bronze craftsmanship in shapes and patterns:

From the perspective of art appreciation, the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese bronze craftsmanship are the rich and diverse shapes and patterns, as well as the different artistic styles in different historical periods.

China’s bronze craftsmanship is represented by the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The most important one is the so-called bronze ritual vessel-the tripod. The tripod is an ancient cooking utensil. Its shape is characterized by its three parts: belly, feet and ears. The abdomen can hold things, the feet can raise fire, and the ears can be pierced with poles to carry things. The tripod is the most important type of bronze ritual vessel. Its practical significance is to hold or cook food, but its value is reflected in the maintenance of rituals. It is generally used for sacrifices and banquets of the slave-owning class. It has the function of distinguishing the superior from the inferior and is a symbol of the slave-owner's ruling power. The literature records: "The emperor has nine tripods, the princes have seven tripods, the officials have five tripods, and the Yuanshi have three tripods or one tripod." (There is also the idiom "One word and nine tripods, aspiration for the Central Plains, three pillars")

For example, "Simuwu Square Ding" has a thick and gorgeous form, full of mystery and intimidation. The Simu Wu Fang Ding is the heaviest of all the tripods unearthed so far, and it also has a legendary experience. In March 1939, this tripod was unearthed in the farmland of Wu Yuyao's family in Wuguan Village, Houjiazhuang, Anyang, Henan Province. Because the tripod was too heavy and too big to move, people wanted to saw off the big tripod and transport it out, but they could only cut off one foot. Continuously, so he buried the tripod quietly. Later, the news leaked out that the Japanese came to search but failed, so they offered 700,000 yuan in counterfeit coins to buy it. The local people cleverly gave away another cauldron and kept this cauldron.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the tripod was re-excavated in June 1946, but it had lost one ear (later replaced) and was first stored in the Anyang County Government. At the end of October of the same year, it was the 60th birthday of Chiang Kai-shek, then Chairman of the National Government. The local garrison took the tripod as a birthday gift and transported it to Nanjing by special vehicle and kept it in the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum.

Later, the Kuomintang government wanted to transport the tripod to Taiwan, but eventually gave up the idea because it was too difficult. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the tripod was kept in the Nanjing Museum. In 1959, it was transferred to the China History Museum and has now become a museum treasure.

After the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the mysterious color of bronzes gradually faded, and the style tended to be simple, pursuing the beauty of simplicity and elegance. For example, "Meng Ding" has a majestic and solemn shape and simple decoration.

After the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, bronze wares gradually became daily necessities for the ruling class. The shapes of bronzes tend to be light and clever, the decoration techniques are realistic, and the patterns are easy to understand. For example, "Lianhe Square Pot" is a masterpiece in this regard. In addition, the "Chimes of Marquis Yi of Zeng" is the most important unearthed cultural relic. There are 56 chimes in total, divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. After testing, each chime can not only pronounce, but also produce two different tones, and can play a variety of modern music, with pure sound quality and beautiful timbre. This is the only set of extra-large fixed-tone ancient musical instruments in the world that retains its original sound. It is also the oldest 12 semitone musical instrument preserved in the world. (Video: Zeng Houyi Chimes)

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, because iron and lacquerware were more convenient than bronzes, they gradually replaced bronzes. Bronzees became lightweight, sophisticated, and practical utensils for daily use and ornamental purposes. Developing in the direction of appliances, they are often eye-catching for their high degree of unity in practicality and beauty. (Video: Bronze Craftsmanship)

3. Summary

Porcelain

Teaching purpose:

Through learning, let students understand that Chinese porcelain is a treasure of traditional art and represents China’s porcelain making in the world. The superb level of craftsmanship in the field is one of China's great inventions. To enable students to understand the porcelain making techniques, shapes, decorations and artistic characteristics of different kiln products in different historical periods of our country, and learn to use correct methods to appreciate ceramic art. Cultivate students' love for the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

Teaching focus:

1. The production and development of Chinese porcelain, the difference between porcelain and pottery.

2． The shape, decoration, color and artistic characteristics of porcelain. Features.

3． Product characteristics of main famous kilns.

Teaching difficulties:

Mainly related to historical knowledge and historical background. In addition to a brief introduction to the teaching content materials, some professional terms and related historical and cultural knowledge.

Teaching time: 1 class hour

Teaching aid preparation: teaching materials, multimedia courseware, video tapes

Teaching process:

1. Organization Teaching: (General)

2. Introduction:

Questions:

1. What is pottery? What is painted pottery?

2. What are the modeling characteristics of ancient Chinese pottery?

Show slideshow (ear-piercing bottle)

Question: Is this pottery? What should it be?

Three. New lesson taught: (Show topic)

my country is the hometown and origin of porcelain. Porcelain is a traditional arts and crafts in my country, and its craftsmanship enjoys a high reputation in the world.

1. The relationship between porcelain and pottery

Ceramic technology is the general term for pottery technology and porcelain technology. There are following differences between earthenware and porcelain.

(1) The firing raw materials are different;

(2) The firing temperature is different;

(3) The pottery is loose and has a certain water absorption. Porcelain is dense and impermeable to water.

2. The development of porcelain

Primitive porcelain appeared in the Shang Dynasty. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, it was an extremely important period for the development of porcelain in our country. After the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, porcelain entered a glorious period of development. , there are celadon glazed porcelain in the south and celadon porcelain in the north. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were an important growth period for my country's porcelain. At this time, porcelain was generally fired at a higher temperature and the texture was harder. Porcelain is increasingly valued in social life. In the Tang Dynasty, the special name "kiln" began to appear, which symbolized the increase in porcelain production. The high output and high quality of porcelain in the Song Dynasty laid the foundation for the development of the porcelain industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese porcelain was sold overseas in large quantities. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of my country's porcelain industry. Porcelain-making technology had made great progress. The glaze was exquisite and the color was bright. The transplantation of enamel and the creation of pastel were outstanding achievements at that time.

3． The characteristics of Chinese porcelain in shape and decorative arts

From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, my country's celadon gradually matured, but the shape and decoration of porcelain in this period were related to bronze. At this time, the shape of porcelain It is characterized by its elegance and erectness, which is consistent with people's aesthetic preferences at that time.

The shape of porcelain in the Sui Dynasty has the following characteristics:

(1) The plasticity and fire resistance of the carcass are enhanced, making it appear delicate.

(2) The shape of cans is generally short neck, straight mouth, and round belly.

(3) The utensil has a small flat bottom with a round cake-shaped bottom.

The common decorations on Sui Dynasty porcelain include geometric patterns, floral patterns, animal patterns, human figures, and the colors are also relatively rich.

(Focus on the "White Glazed Elephant Head and Dragon Handle Pot")

In the Tang Dynasty, the area for firing porcelain expanded and the products increased. Celadon, white porcelain, and three-color pottery represent the level of pottery technology in the Tang Dynasty. Porcelain of the Tang Dynasty was widely spread as a commodity overseas, and porcelain "has a kiln name since the Tang Dynasty". This traditional custom has been continued in modern times. Porcelain in the Tang Dynasty had many shapes and richer decorations, using techniques such as painting, engraving, printing, and kneading. The contents included the sun and moon, flowers, trees, animals, figures, buildings, etc. During the Five Dynasties, the porcelain-making style of the Tang Dynasty was inherited and developed. Among them, dense-colored porcelain was the top grade of porcelain at that time. During the Five Dynasties, some important porcelain kiln systems were basically formed, such as Ding kiln, Yaozhou kiln, Cizhou kiln, etc.

The porcelain industry in the Song Dynasty was larger than that in the Tang Dynasty, with many famous kilns, and the level of craftsmanship surpassed that of the previous generation, reaching a new stage of prosperity. This is the focus of this lesson.

Its main symbol is that a representative porcelain kiln system has been formed across the country. It influenced the "Ru Kiln", "Guan Kiln", "Ge Kiln", "Jun Kiln" and "Ding Kiln", which were called the five famous kilns by later generations.

The kiln site of "Ru Kiln" is in Linru, Henan Province today. It belonged to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty, so it was called Ru Kiln.

"Official kiln" generally refers to kilns run by the government.

"Brother Kiln" is said to have originated from the fact that during the Southern Song Dynasty, two brothers both fired porcelain in Longquan, Zhejiang Province, each with their own characteristics. The porcelain fired by the brother was called "Ge Kiln" and the porcelain fired by the younger brother. It is called "Brother Kiln".

The kiln site of "Jun Kiln" is in Yu County, Henan Province today. It belonged to Junzhou in ancient times, hence its name.

The kiln site of "Ding Kiln" is in Quyang, Hebei Province today. In ancient times, it belonged to Dingzhou, so it was called "Ding Kiln".

The porcelain of the Song Dynasty not only created many beautiful shapes, but also opened up a new realm for ceramic aesthetics in the use of glaze colors.

In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, China's porcelain continued to develop. Blue and white porcelain with white ground and blue flowers began in the Yuan Dynasty, matured in the Ming Dynasty, and became the mainstream of porcelain production in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

4. Video screening

5. Summary of this lesson.

Pottery

Teaching purpose:

By appreciating ancient Chinese pottery, students can understand the long history and artistic achievements of my country's pottery making technology. Learn to use correct methods to appreciate pottery and objectively evaluate ancient works of art. Cultivate students' love for the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

Teaching focus:

1. The modeling characteristics of pottery of different cultural types.

2. The artistic characteristics of painted pottery decoration.

Teaching difficulties:

Mainly because there are many professional terms and involve the history of ancient Chinese pottery technology. Regarding historical knowledge and historical background, in addition to a brief introduction in the teaching content materials, Professional terms and relevant historical and cultural knowledge.

Teaching time: 1 class hour

Teaching aid preparation: teaching materials, multimedia courseware, video tapes (L50)

Teaching process:

1. Organizing teaching: (conventional)

2. Introducing new courses:

The first to fourth lectures are appreciation of Chinese arts and crafts.

Arts and crafts usually refers to the plastic arts that beautify daily necessities and living environment. It is both a material product and has varying degrees of aesthetic attributes. As a material product, it reflects the material production level of a certain era and society; as a spiritual product, its visual image reflects the aesthetic fashion of a certain era.

Arts and crafts are divided into two categories: practical arts and crafts and ornamental arts and crafts. Practical arts and crafts are its mainstream. Why do practical items also belong to arts and crafts? Because in addition to meeting the needs of life, people also require beautiful appearance. When buying a watch, isn’t it necessary to choose the one with beautiful appearance and suitable color among watches of the same price? Everyone hopes to wear clothes that are both comfortable and beautiful, and dress themselves up in beautiful clothes to show their identity, character, cultivation and upward mental outlook. People's aesthetic requirements restrict the design and production of daily necessities, which must be designed and produced in accordance with applicable scales and laws of beauty to make them both practical and beautiful. Therefore, arts and crafts belong to the art category that is both special and closely related to people's lives. It is an art that beautifies daily necessities and living environment.

This characteristic of the unity of practicality and aesthetics is the essential characteristic of arts and crafts.

Most of the traditional Chinese handicrafts are handmade by craftsmen of past generations. When we appreciate it, we should combine its practical functions to appreciate the beauty of its shape, the rhythmic beauty of decorative patterns, the texture beauty of material texture and the exquisite beauty of production technology, and understand the cultural spirit and aesthetic connotation of the Chinese nation through these beautiful feelings.

Today we will appreciate the pottery in traditional crafts. (Show topic)

1. The production of pottery:

Ceramic technology is the general term for pottery technology and porcelain technology. Whether in China or foreign countries, pottery came first and porcelain came later.

Human production of pottery began in the Neolithic Age, with a history of about eight to nine thousand years. It is a great creation with epoch-making significance in the process of human evolution.

This is because this is the first time that humans have used water and fire to change the shape and properties of clay, create a new material product, and unveil the first breakthrough of science and technology. One page. Human beings have learned from practice that clay has plasticity after being mixed with water, so it is possible to shape it into a certain shape. At the same time, in the long-term practice of using fire, humans must have learned that shaped clay can turn into hard pieces after being burned by fire. These are all prerequisites for the production of pottery. As for how pottery was invented, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence. It is generally said that it may be further inspired by the fact that the baskets covered with clay were burned by fire to form a container that was not easily water-permeable. Soon after, shaped and fired pottery began to appear. Especially with the development of human agricultural economy and settled life, the transportation of drinking water and the storage of grains all required this new type of container - pottery, so they appeared in large numbers and became an important feature of the Neolithic Age. A new era.

Pottery making techniques include kneading, pasting, and clay strip building. Later, the pottery making technology of wheel forming was invented, and the pottery embryos were trimmed with the help of a simple machine called a pottery cart to create beautiful pottery embryos.

In addition, the firing temperature of pottery also has requirements. The firing temperature of early pottery was relatively low, generally around 600-800C.

2. The shape of pottery:

The shape of pottery can be divided into the following categories.

Water-drawing vessels: such as the "Whirlpool Pattern Pointed Bottom Bottle";

Cooking vessels: pots, tripods, kettles, etc.;

Drinking vessels: cups, Angle, goblet (gu), (gui), etc.;

Food utensils: include bowls, bowls, plates, etc.;

Storage utensils: include pots, cans, urns, bottles, bottles, etc. Basins, jars, etc.

The essential characteristics of the unity of practicality and aesthetics in arts and crafts have been vividly reflected in pottery. For example, the most common pottery pots and bowls at that time, as a kind of container, in order to have as large a volume as possible, they all have the characteristic of bulging bellies in shape. However, the uses of clay pots and clay bowls are not exactly the same. Clay pots are generally used to store and transport water, while clay bowls are mainly used for cooking. In order to adapt to these different usage requirements, pottery pots have small mouths, shoulders, and some have longer necks to facilitate water transportation, storage, and pouring; while pottery bowls have no shoulders, necks, and large mouths. , which makes cooking and eating easier.

3. Painted pottery art:

Painted pottery is the most popular type of pottery in ancient China. These painted pottery are either known for their beautiful shapes, or are attractive for their rich patterns, or they are both beautiful in shape and decoration. These pottery can allow us to clearly see that when humans made these earliest living utensils, they were already creating according to the law of beauty. When using various decorative patterns, people at that time were already able to skillfully apply the rules of formal beauty such as repetition and variety, virtuality and reality, rhythm and rhythm.

Chinese painted pottery patterns are composed of the simplest points, lines, and surfaces to form geometric patterns to represent a certain depicted object, that is to say, the simplest plane patterns are used to shape or indicate. For example, some fish shapes are represented by only one dot and two arcs in opposite directions. This concise and iconic feature reflects that the Chinese ancestors were good at grasping the essence of complex things and making high-level generalizations, and using the simplest and clearest artistic language to express the characteristics of things and their connections with surrounding things. , thereby extracting a highly iconic pattern.

Chinese painted pottery art does not simply imitate natural images, but gives full play to the creator's imagination and uses freehand to describe the shapes, making the patterns flexible and changeable. For example, our ancestors could integrate birds in the sky, fish in the water and human faces into images to express distinct artistic conceptions and various artistic styles.

(Introduction to "Basin with Human Face and Fish Pattern")

The makers of painted pottery pay great attention to the relationship between the pattern, the shape of the vessel and the viewing angle, and strive to coordinate the shape and composition of the pattern with the shape of the vessel. Also pay attention to the different visions produced by the painted pottery patterns from different viewing angles, so as to design the location of the patterns on the utensils. It shows the style of national culture very appropriately.

(Introduction to "Dancing Pattern Pot")

3. Summary of this lesson.