Knee joint injury (meniscus and cruciate ligament), professional or experienced, please help!

Hello! First of all, I wish you a speedy recovery! Let me talk to you about "knee joint injury".

Knee joint is one of the most fragile joints in human body, which consists of distal femur, proximal tibia and patella. At the same time, the ligament, joint capsule and meniscus attached to it constitute the stable structure of the joint.

The anterior cruciate ligament starts from the medial side of the lateral condyle of femur and ends at the anterolateral side of the medial carina of tibia, which restricts the forward movement and rotation of tibia. The posterior cruciate ligament starts from the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle and ends at the posterior edge of the tibial plateau, which is located below the joint plane and restricts the backward movement of the tibia. They are important structures for maintaining the stability of the knee joint. Meniscus, or meniscus cartilage, is a C-shaped fibrous cartilage disc in the knee joint, which can absorb impact, increase the adaptability of the joint surface, increase the stability of the joint, and contribute to the uniform distribution of joint fluid.

In view of our fate, let me explain to you the common causes, symptoms and treatment measures of "knee joint injury":

1. anterior cruciate ligament injury

Knee joint injuries are common in contact or non-contact injuries during sports. For the injury of anterior cruciate ligament, non-contact injury mainly occurs in sudden stop, sharp turn, deceleration, jumping and unstable landing, and the injury mechanism of joint valgus, supination and hyperextension appears. However, contact injuries often lead to multiple ligament injuries.

The most common sports are basketball, football, badminton and skiing. After the injury, the joints are swollen, painful, dislocated, unstable in walking, and the level of exercise drops. Many one-knee movements are afraid to do, or it is easy to get injured again. And the repeated dislocation of joints makes meniscus and articular cartilage in a high-risk state of injury.

In order to restore normal joint function and exercise level, surgery is necessary for patients who are ineffective in conservative treatment. Through continuous progress, the surgical technique has developed from simple repair that was ineffective in the past to arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. Autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone, autologous quadriceps femoris, gracilis and allogenic tendon can be selected for reconstruction. Different choices can be made according to different requirements and conditions.

2. Injury of posterior cruciate ligament

The injury of posterior cruciate ligament is less than that of anterior cruciate ligament. Simple injury is manifested as tibial retraction, such as a motorcycle accident in which the fender directly hits the front of the proximal leg.

The clinical symptoms are mild and it is easy to miss the diagnosis. Conservative treatment is recommended for most simple posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Some doctors also suggest that for simple acute posterior cruciate ligament injury, if the instability is greater than 15 mm, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction should be carried out. If the quadriceps femoris is strong, it can usually make up for the function of posterior cruciate ligament, and athletes can continue to engage in sports.

After rehabilitation training, the patient still has unstable symptoms of posterior cruciate ligament injury and needs reconstruction surgery.

Surgery is more difficult than anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the results are more unpredictable. The commonly used graft at present is bone-tendon-bone. Allogeneic patellar ligament or achilles tendon can also be selected. Double-bundle reconstruction is more in line with the anatomical characteristics of posterior cruciate ligament.

3. Meniscus injury

Meniscus injury is the most common injury in arthroscopic knee surgery. The medial meniscus is more likely to be damaged because the medial meniscus is closely connected with the joint capsule, while the lateral meniscus has a free zone. Meniscal injury is rare in children and visible in adolescents, with the peak incidence at 30-40 years old. Most meniscus injuries after 50 years old are caused by osteoarthritis.

The main manifestations of meniscus injury are joint space pain, sticky feeling, snapping feeling and locking feeling. The types of meniscus injury include incomplete tear, barrel-shaped tear, petal-shaped tear, radial tear and compound tear. Stable meniscus injury can be treated conservatively if there are no symptoms. Meniscal injuries that cause persistent symptoms require arthroscopic surgery.

At present, the treatment of meniscus is tearing resection or meniscus suture as far as possible. There is no blood supply to the medial 2/3 of meniscus, so it usually needs to be removed when injured. There is blood supply in the extrameniscus 1/3 area of adults. If the tear in this area is less than 15 mm, it can often heal naturally. Larger cracks need to be stitched up.

Meniscus suture techniques include internal and external suture, internal and external suture, total internal suture or incision suture. In recent years, with the application of absorbable nails in meniscus repair, total intra-articular suture technology has been widely used.

Unfortunately, however, there are reports that the absorbable nail falls off, and biomechanical research shows that the fixation strength of this method is worse than that of suture fixation. Incision and suture are often used to tear the meniscus marginal area.

4. Discoid cartilage injury

Discoid meniscus, also known as discoid cartilage, is common in children and adolescents. That is, the meniscus loses its normal structure, thickens into a disk, and is easily damaged. The incidence of yellow race is obviously higher than that of other races, and discoid meniscus can be divided into three types: complete type, incomplete type and overactive type (Wrisberg ligament type). The main manifestations are knee snapping, snapping and limited knee extension.

Meniscoplasty is the main treatment. If the tear is serious, the hyperactive type may need to be removed.

There are three main surgical treatments for discoid cartilage: discoid chondroplasty, partial excision and total discectomy. If the tear can be repaired, molding and sewing are used.

Love tip: It is recommended to go to the hospital for relevant examination in time so as to prescribe the right medicine.

If you are satisfied with the above answer, please don't disappoint my kindness and adopt it as an answer in time.