Please introduce Lower Qinling and Hanzhong.

Qinling Mountains in a broad sense is a huge east-west mountain range that runs across the middle of China, starting from Baishishan in the north of Lintan County, Gansu Province in the west, and bounded by Dieshan and Kunlun Mountains. Enter Shaanxi eastward via Maiji Mountain in the south of Tianshui. At the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, it is divided into three branches, the northern branch is Xiaoshan, and the remaining veins extend eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, commonly known as Mangshan; The middle branch is Xiong 'er Mountain; The south branch is Funiu Mountain. A small part of the southern part of the mountain range extends from Shaanxi to Yunxian County, Hubei Province. The Qinling Mountains, with a total length of 1,6 kilometers and a width of tens to two or three hundred kilometers from north to south, are vast, magnificent and spectacular.

The narrow sense of Qinling Mountains is the middle part of Qinling Mountains, which is located in the middle part of Shaanxi Province. In the Han Dynasty, it was named "Qinling Mountain", and it was named "Nanshan" because it was located in the south of Guanzhong.

The Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province are distributed in the shape of a bee's waist, with several mountains on the east and west wings. The three branches in the west wing are Dasanling (2819 meters above sea level), Fengling (2 meters above sea level) and Zibai Mountain (2538 meters above sea level). The branches of the east wing are Huashan (1997 meters above sea level), Mangling Mountain, Liuling Mountain and Xinkailing Mountain from north to south. Mountains and basins are arranged alternately, and many rivers with deep mountains develop. The main parts of the middle Qinling Mountains are Taibai Mountain (3,767 meters above sea level), Aoshan Mountain (3,476 meters above sea level), shouyangshan (2,72 meters above sea level), Zhongnanshan Mountain (2,64 meters above sea level) and Caolianling Mountain (2,646 meters above sea level). The mountain range has obvious barrier function to the East Asian monsoon, which is the dividing line in climate and the dividing line between Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, and Jialing River and Hanjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River.

There are obvious differences in natural landscapes between the northern and southern slopes of Qinling Mountains. The northern slope of the Yellow River basin is a warm temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Due to long-term agricultural development, most of them are secondary forests. The flora and animal species in Qinling Mountain area are obviously transitional, mixed and complex. Wild animals include giant panda, golden monkey, antelope and other precious species, and birds include crested ibis and black stork, which are the first-class protected objects of the country. Qinling Mountain now has national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve.

The cultural landscapes in the north and south of Qinling Mountains also have their own characteristics. The Guanzhong Plain in the north is known as "Eight Hundred Li Qinchuan" in history. Since the Neolithic Age, human farming and settlement have appeared, and it is a famous gathering place of cultural relics and historic sites in China. The deep valley in the north-south direction between Qinling Mountains has been a north-south communication channel since ancient times, among which the famous ones are Chencang Road, the meridian road from Xi 'an to Ningshan, the praise and oblique road near the water and inclined water, and Luoluo Road and Zhouyang Road. There are many cultural relics and historical stories on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains and the southern edge of Guanzhong Plain. There are the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty and many imperial tombs, the site of Fenghao in Zhou Dynasty, the site of Afang Palace in Qin Dynasty, Louguantai, Zhang Liangmu and Cailun Tomb. Zhongnanshan, located more than 4 kilometers south of Xi 'an, has beautiful scenery since ancient times. There is a poem in The Book of Songs, Qin Feng, that "There is nothing in the south, and there is a plum blossom". In the Tang Dynasty, officials and gentry built villas here, among which Wang Wei's Wangchuan Villa was the most famous. Most of Wang Wei's beautiful landscape poems describe the scenery here. Zu Yong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "on seeing the snow-peak of zhongnan", which read "The End of Nanyang Lingxiu, with its white top over floating clouds, and a warm sky opening at the snow-line and while the town in the valley grows colder and colder". There are also beautiful peaks such as Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai Mountain and Lishan Mountain nearby. There are more than 4 large and small temples such as Taiyi Palace and Laojun 'an built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the mountains, which is a good place to visit Guanzhong for summer vacation.

There is Maijishan Grottoes in the western part of the Qinling Mountains, where the cliffs stand like wheat. Since the post-Qin period, there are 194 caves, more than 7, Buddha statues and more than 1,3 square meters of murals, which is a treasure house of ancient sculpture art.

There are countless mammals such as gazelle, impala, wild boar, black bear, forest musk deer, muntjac, hedgehog, bamboo rat, flying squirrel, squirrel, and the most abundant pheasant group in the world. With so many herbivores, I believe no carnivore will worry about food here. Therefore, based on the identification of many carnivores such as leopard, clouded leopard, jackal, yellow-throated mink and leopard cat, zoologists have never given up the hope of finding South China tiger in Qinling Mountains. Animals are still like this, not to mention plants. As the ancients said, there is no idle grass on Taibai Mountain. The plants in Qinling Mountain are not only varied, but also unique.

The Qinling Mountains have such unique biological resources. What are the reasons? This should start with the unique geographical location and distinctive characteristics of Qinling Mountains. In the middle of China's territory, Qinling Mountain is the highest mountain range to the east since then, and it is also the only east-west mountain range. In the eyes of geographers, Qinling is the dividing line between the south and the north, and the watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the eyes of zoologists, Qinling divides the fauna into Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm, where two completely different kinds of animals meet and merge; In the eyes of climatologists, Qinling is a transitional zone between the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone; In the eyes of writers, the Qinling Mountains and the Yellow River are both called the father mountain and the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the Qinling Mountains are also regarded as the Long Mai of Chinese civilization ...

The Weihe River is the largest first-class tributary of the Yellow River in the north of the Qinling Mountains; In the south is the Han River, the largest first-class tributary of the Yangtze River. The largest first-class tributary of the two largest and most important rivers in China is surrounded by such a strange mountain range. More precisely, it is this vast and profound mountain range that breeds two rivers with extraordinary significance.

Because of the climatic barrier and water source nourishment of Qinling Mountains, there will be favorable weather in Qinchuan for 8 miles, and there will be the peerless elegance of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. The most proud ancient civilization of the Chinese nation really benefited from such an unpretentious mountain range composed of huge granite masses.

Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River North-South Comparison Table

Regional project Qinling Mountains-North of Huaihe River-South of Huaihe River

Latitude position is 32 N ~ 34 N North and 32 N ~ 34 N South

The main terrain is mainly plains and hills

Climate

The average temperature in January is below C and above C. The seasonal variation of precipitation is small.

dry and wet conditions

rivers

in humid areas in semi-humid areas have small flow, large seasonal changes and abundant flow. Seasonal variation is small

sediment concentration is high and sediment concentration is low

flood season is short and flood season is long

ice period is frozen in winter and not frozen in winter

agriculture

The cultivated land type is mainly dry land and paddy field

The grain crop is mainly wheat and rice

The oil crop is mainly peanut and rape

The sugar crop is mainly sugar beet and sugarcane

The farming system is two years. Triple cropping to double cropping a year, double cropping a year to triple cropping a year

Qinling-Huaihe first line-China's north-south dividing line

We should make clear the direction of Qinling-Huaihe first line and what is its important condition as our north-south dividing line. Know which geographical things this dividing line is.

first of all, it has become an important geographical dividing line in China, which must be due to the differences in landscapes on both sides of this line. There are many factors that make the landscape different, such as temperature and precipitation, as well as topography and other factors. Generally speaking, the differences in different regions are often due to more factors caused by climate, such as more precipitation in the south, less precipitation in the north, more precipitation in the eastern coastal areas and less precipitation in the western inland areas. Needless to say, we can infer from the above introduction that this line must be the dividing line of climate. From this, we can understand the differences in temperature, precipitation, dry and wet conditions on both sides of the dividing line between Qinling and Huaihe, as well as the differences in river hydrological characteristics, agricultural conditions and soil vegetation under this climate difference.

According to the related geographical atlas, the Huaihe River line in Qinling Mountains runs east-west, and it is the passing place of the -degree isotherm in January and the 8-mm annual precipitation line. In addition, in winter, the Qinling Mountains can prevent the cold wave from going south, and in summer, it can prevent the humid sea breeze from entering the northwest, which leads to the differences in climate, rivers, vegetation, soil and agriculture between the north and the south of this line, so it naturally becomes an important dividing line in the eastern part of China.

The dividing line between Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River plays an important role:

1. The dividing line between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone.

reason: China's January -degree isotherm passes through the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, and the January average temperature north of January -degree isotherm is below , which is a warm temperate zone. The average temperature in January to the south of ℃ isotherm is above ℃, which is subtropical.

2. The dividing line between humid area and semi-humid area.

according to the different precipitation.

3. The dividing line with obvious differences in river conditions

is obtained according to the differences in ice period, flood season, flow, sediment concentration and shipping on both sides of the river.

4. The dividing line between different soils and vegetation

According to the difference of plants on both sides, such as coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest in the north, evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south. And the characteristics of black soil in the north and red soil in the south.

5. The dividing line of agricultural production is different

The agriculture in the north is mainly dry land, usually one or two crops a year, mainly wheat and corn; Paddy fields in the south are dominant, with two or three crops a year, and rice and wheat are dominant.

Qinling National Botanical Garden is located in zhouzhi county, Xi 'an, 76Km away from the city center. The total planned area is 458Km2, of which the central area is 262Km2, ranking first in the world. The total investment estimate of Qinling National Botanical Garden is 1.38 billion yuan, and the investment of the first phase project is 53 million yuan. Its main functions are scientific research, popularization of science education, biodiversity protection and eco-tourism.

Hanzhong

/view/18643.htm.