Who has a profile of Leonardo da Vinci?

Leonardo da Vinci was the first painter in the Italian Renaissance and one of the most outstanding representatives in the whole European Renaissance. He is a profound, knowledgeable and versatile artist, master of science, literary theorist, great philosopher, poet, musician, engineer and inventor. He has made great contributions in almost every field. Later scholars called him "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance", "first-class scholar" and "prodigy". He deserves all the praise, even more.

Leonardo da vinci was born in Finch, a suburb of Florence, on 1452, and died near Amboise, France, on 15 19.

/kloc-at the age of 0/5, Leonardo da Vinci began to work as a painter a. del verrocchio (Andrea de verrocchio; ; 1435~ 1488; Italian sculptor and painter). 1472 Join the Painters' Guild. In the middle of 65438+70' s, personal painting style gradually matured. From 1482 to 1499, he lived in France and engaged in other artistic and scientific activities besides serving the Duke of Milan. During this period, his paintings were not many, but The Virgin in the Rock and The Last Supper were his masterpieces. 1500 Travel to mantua and Venice. 1506, he returned to Florence to create the Madonna and Santa Anna and the Mona Lisa, and began to paint murals for the city hall. 1507 went to Milan again and served in the French court. 15 13 moved to Rome, 15 16 went to France and finally settled in Amboise. In his later years, he seldom painted, devoted himself to scientific research, and left a lot of notes and manuscripts after his death, covering almost everything from physics, mathematics to biological anatomy.

Leonardo da Vinci did not finish many paintings in his life, but they were all immortal. His works have obvious personal style and are good at combining artistic creation with scientific discussion, which is unique in the history of world art. Academics generally divide his creative activities into two stages: early stage and prosperous stage.

When he studied art in verrocchio's studio, he showed an extraordinary talent for painting. About 1470 When he assisted verrocchio in drawing a picture of Christ's baptism, although he only drew an angel standing beside Christ, his expression, manner and gentle tone have obviously surpassed that of verrocchio. Although his earliest work "Informing Pregnancy" is not innovative, the description of the background landscape pays attention to the expression of air atmosphere. This shows that he devoted himself to solving the dialectical relationship between realism and typical processing from the beginning. Later, The Portrait of Ginef La Debenheim, contrary to the tradition of 65,438+05 century art pursuing clear lines, rendered the perspective effect he advocated with the tone of backlit sunset. 148 1 The Doctor Comes to Worship (also translated as Three Kings Comes to Worship) marks the maturity of its artistic style. Although the painting was not finished because he went to Milan, it can be seen from the original manuscript that the artistic innovation in composition and image-building greatly surpassed that of his teachers and colleagues: the stable composition of the triangle composed of the virgin baby and three doctors, and the accurate perspective of the painted architectural relics and galloping horses show that he no longer simply lists the relevant figures from the narrative point of view, but completely transforms the traditional theme. The dark painting method he adopted made the characters stand out from the shadows, broke through the characteristics clearly revealed in traditional painting, and heralded the arrival of the Renaissance.

1482, Leonardo da Vinci came to Milan, and at the invitation of Sanfrancesco Church, he painted the altar painting "Madonna of the Rock". Although this work in Paris is still a traditional theme, the depiction of characters, the profound description of caves and the realistic description of flowers and plants among rocks prove that his smoky brushwork has made it a new height in fax realism and artistic treatment. The Last Supper is the most famous work of his period. This wet mural shows the farewell scene of Christ to his disciples before his arrest. It was painted in the dining room of the monastery of Santa Maria Derlager Hin in Milan. Clever composition and clever management layout make the hall on the screen closely connected with the restaurant building structure in life, making the viewer feel that the scene in the painting seems to happen right in front of him. In the layout of characters, Christ is placed in the form of a table, which makes him independent from the center of the picture. Other disciples expressed fear, anger, doubt, repentance and panic through their different gestures and expressions. This description of typical personality highlights the theme of painting and complements the unified effect of composition, which is the most perfect model in the history of art. Leonardo da Vinci returned to Florence in 1500. With the restoration of the harmonious system, the cultural atmosphere was once active, and Michelangelo (1475 ~1564; Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter and architect), Raphael (1483 ~1520; Italian painter, famous for his religious paintings) and other outstanding figures. He exhibited a well-conceived "The Virgin and Santa Anna" to the public, which immediately caused a sensation. Its composition principle and painting method have a great influence on the art world, and Michelangelo and Raphael are also inspired by it.

1503, Leonardo painted a mural for the conference hall of the city hall (because he went to Milan again, he never finished it). During this period, he created Mona Lisa, The Virgin and Santa Anna. These are two works that he cherishes very much, and he always carries them with him. He emigrated to France in his later years and stayed in Paris.

In Leonardo da Vinci's artistic heritage, a large number of sketches are also worthy of attention. These sketches, like his official works, have reached a high level and are regarded as models of sketch art, which are characterized by meticulous observation, rigid and flexible lines, and especially good at expressing subtle changes of light and shadow with oblique lines of different densities. Every work of his is based on sketches. His artistic theory is scattered in more than 5,000 notes and his unfinished painting theory, which is also a great achievement of theoretical research in the Renaissance.

Leonardo da vinci's realistic artistic achievements are based on his research on many natural disciplines. He is famous for his erudition, and has many original ideas and inventions in mathematics, mechanics, optics, anatomy, botany, zoology, human biology, astronomy, geology, meteorology, mechanical design, architectural engineering, water conservancy engineering and so on. He enriched almost all fields of knowledge with profound observation, agile thinking and skillful knowledge of mathematics and engineering. The manuscript of his notes with him has been found to have more than 7,000 pages. Unfortunately, no complete works have been published, so many advanced ideas and genius foresight failed to play a role at that time. For example, he explained the basic problems of statics with the principle of virtual velocity. He also studied light and shadow, light and shade, color and various perspective phenomena in combination with painting, and pointed out that black and white are not real colors. He imagined that the propagation of light, like water waves caused by throwing stones into water and sound waves in the air, also spread outward from the center. He did pinhole imaging experiment and explained it with the straight line of light. He also studied human eyes and designed optical instruments.

He is a real promoter of historical progress.

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