Detailed information of Huayan Temple (Huayan Temple, Xi 'an City, Shaanxi Province)

Huayan Temple is the ancestral home of Huayan Sect, one of the eight famous temples in Fan Chuan in the Tang Dynasty, a national key Buddhist temple and a national key cultural relic protection unit, located in Shaolingyuan, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an City, Shaanxi Province.

according to the annals of Chang' an, Huayan Temple was built in the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (627-649), which is a famous scenic spot in the south of Chang' an. It is not only a resort for feasting in the spring and autumn and summer, but also a place where literati stopped to hide, leaving a lot of poems and poems. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Looking at the Hometown Fu": "I think twice about returning to Xi, and take the western road of Du Ling. The rock curve is deep and the ground is flat and wooden. Long Yun Qin Shu, the wind is high and the frost is early. Zhoutai Hanyuan, sunset grass. "

In 1956, Huayan Temple was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province.

In 26, Huayan Temple Tower in Huayan Temple was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Huayan Temple Location: Duqu Town, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an City, Shaanxi Province Founded in the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, as far away as the Han Dynasty? Type: Buddhist temple cultural protection level: national key cultural relics protection unit Rong? Reputation: Opening hours of Huayan Zongzuting, a Buddhist Sect: 1: -17: . Ticket price: free suggested playing time: 1-2 hours. Suitable playing season: spring, summer and autumn. Country: China's city: Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, required reading before departure, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, geographical environment, historical evolution, architectural pattern, main buildings, cultural relics, Master Du Shun Lingta, Master Cheng Guan Lingta, cultural relics protection, abbot of past dynasties, Master Du Shun, Master Kuan Chang, Buddhist activities, value and significance, Huayan Zuting, Buddhist center, tourism information, geographical environment Huayan Temple is located on the half slope of Shaoling, southeast of Weiqu, Chang 'an District, southern suburbs of Xi 'an, about 15 kilometers away from Xi 'an City. Huayan Temple was commanding in the Tang Dynasty, with a river on the Jinshan Mountain and exquisite courtyards. It overlooks Fan Chuan, looks at Shenheyuan in the west, and looks at the peaks of Wuyan Mountain and Jade Case in the south, just as the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Can praised in his poem about the temple: "There are thousands of peaks in the south of the temple, and the peaks are green and green." Historical Evolution According to historical documents, Huayan Temple was built during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong (627-649). From the unearthed architectural relics, its architectural age can be traced back to the Han Dynasty at the earliest. Huayan Temple has no records of tall halls since its initial construction. Always use chiseling as a cave to accommodate Buddha statues and monks. In Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was the center of Buddhism's promotion of Buddhism and Buddhism, where various eminent monks and scholars gathered, and most of Sanzang, who entered China through Xinjiang and Gansu, made achievements in translation. Due to the social background at that time and the social influence of Huayan Temple, Huayan Temple once became the "World Buddhist Center". In the second year of Tang Huichang (842), Tang Wuzong issued an imperial decree to implement a series of policies to "destroy Buddha", which was called "Huichang forbade Buddha" in history. From the second year of Huichang (842) to the sixth year of Huichang (846), the temple property was confiscated, monks and nuns were ordered to return to vulgarity, and numerous temples were destroyed. Jionji and Jianfu Temple were left on the left street of Chang 'an, the imperial capital, and Ximing Temple and Zhuangyan Temple were left on the right street. Huayan Temple was also hit, which was seriously damaged. After Tang Xuanzong Li Chen acceded to the throne, Buddhism was promoted and Huayan Temple was revived. Tang Xuanzong said in "Xing Hua Yan Temple": "Clouds and clear mountains weigh tens of thousands, and the spring scenery is more harmonious. The tent temple is empty and boarded Bihan, and the distant Sichuan looks down at the blue cage. Lin Guang's home is low in scenery, and Ling Qi is on display all night. What is it like to chase after you today? Don't be ashamed of Hanwu and enjoy Fenzhong. " Explain the situation of Huayan Temple when Xuanzong was in power. Song Zhang-li said in "Journey to the South of the City": "Go up to Zhupo in the east, rest in Huayan Temple, and overlook the victory of the south, the misty rocks, jade cases, Guifeng and Zige. At present, you can't wait until you have finished your shoes ... You have already opened three doors, and you will be rewarded with Su Zi's beautiful poems, and you will be able to sing Tang Priest's Zilan poems in a subtle way." Crossing the East Pavilion is really like a tower in the clouds. When you get off the Pavilion, you can reach the Imperial Palace ... ". Kou Zhun, a famous singer in the Song Dynasty, said in the poem "You Huayan Temple": "The temple is rich in green on Nanshan, and the gulls and herons in the water village are far away. Looking at Fan Chuanjing on the floor, I hate not relying on the rain. " Explain the situation of Huayan Temple in the Song Dynasty. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1556), at midnight on January 23, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Guanzhong, with the collapse of the tower bridge and the collapse of buildings, which almost destroyed the ancient buildings on the ground in the Tang and Song Dynasties, leaving few survivors. According to Shaanxi Tongzhi, the main buildings in Huayan Temple were destroyed in this earthquake, and only the tower of Dushun Master and the tower of Qingliang Guoshi survived. In the 12th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1734), yongzheng emperor issued a letter to the fourth ancestor, Master Cheng Guan, as "Master Miao Zhengzhen", and this imperial edict tablet is now in front of Master Cheng Guan Tower. During the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Shaolingyuan collapsed, leaving only two pagodas of Master Du Shun, the first ancestor of Huayan, and Master Cheng Guan, the fourth ancestor of Qingliang Buddhist. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (193), there was a drought in Shaanxi, and the government of the Republic of China sent Mr. Zhu Ziqiao to Shaanxi for disaster relief. When paying tribute to the Huayan Temple Tower, he saw the words "When the tower was rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty, it was convenient for the tower to make a vow to" rebuild the two towers and wish the rain ". In a few days, it rained heavily, and Zhu Ziqiao and Buddhist people started to repair the tower, which was a story for a while. In this renovation, two pagodas were rebuilt, three halls were built, and the two ancestors' remains were carved in the small hall under the pagoda of Du Shun, the first ancestor, and Cheng Guan, the fourth ancestor. In 1956, Huayan Temple was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. After the steel smelting began in 1958, steles were used to make steel, temples and monasteries were occupied, and all ancient trees were cut down. During the Cultural Revolution, the Buddha statues were smashed, the monks were driven away and the halls were demolished. In 1976, after the Cultural Revolution, only Master Du Shun, Master Cheng Guan's stupa and a few steles remained in the temple. In 26, Huayan Temple Tower was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit and was partially renovated. In 29, the reconstruction of Huayan Temple was officially started, and the reconstruction project is expected to be completed in about 1 years. Architectural Pattern According to the Records of Chang 'an, the buildings in Huayan Temple in the Tang Dynasty, such as the East Pavilion Fatang, Huisheng Courtyard, Chengjin Courtyard and Zhenru Tower Courtyard, were built from south to north in turn, and the scale was very grand. Huayan Twin Towers Today, Huayan Temple is located in a long and narrow open land with a length of about 4 meters and a width of about 6 meters on the half slope of Shaoling Plateau, with a steep slope of nearly 9 degrees in the south and a vertical loess barrier with a height of more than 3 meters in the north. Deep ditches and barriers constitute the natural "wall" of Huayan Temple. Limited by geography, the temple gate opens to the north and the buildings are arranged from north to south. In 29, the reconstruction of Huayan Temple was officially launched. According to its functions, the whole temple was divided into two modes: open and closed, which were reflected in three regions. On the central axis, an "open area" of the public hall for the four disciples to carry out Buddhist activities and worship Buddha was built. On the left, improve the "closed area" where monks practice and live. On the right side, a "closed area" for study, study and living is built, which is dominated by believers. The main buildings in Huayan Temple used to have buildings such as Dongge Fatang Hall, Huishengyuan, the early ancestor Dushun Master Lingta, the second ancestor Zhiyan Master Lingta, the third ancestor Xianshou Master Lingta, the fourth ancestor Cheng Guan Master Lingta, the fifth ancestor Mi Master Lingta and Zhenru Tower, which were repaired many times in Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but gradually declined due to repeated landslides. In particular, a big collapse during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty destroyed all the temples in the temple. Today, Huayan Temple has built a simple temple, a pagoda and several monasteries. Cultural relics remain: Master Du Shun's Lingta, the ancestor of Huayan Zongchu, and Master Cheng Guan's Lingta, the fourth ancestor, stand side by side, with Master Du Shun's Lingta in the east and Cheng Guan's Lingta in the west. The existing Du Shun Pagoda of Master Du Shun's Lingta is a square pyramid with seven floors and a height of about 21 meters, which is a pavilion-style brick tower with imitation wood structure. The pedestal of Master Du Shun's Lingta Tower has a voucher door in the south, and a niche hall is built in it. The eaves of the tower are covered with two layers of water chestnut teeth, and the columns and columns of imitation wood structure are built under the eaves. The tower brake with flat bricks at the top of the tower and a treasure bottle. The wall of the tower body is made of brick into flat columns, columns, arches, arches, etc. The upper layer is engraved with the word "strict master" and the third layer is inlaid with the word "spotless and clean pagoda". It is said that the quadrangular tower of Master Du Shun's tower symbolizes Hua Yanzong's outstanding thought of "four dharma circles", while the six-story tower symbolizes Hua Yanzong's theory of "the origin of six phases"; When the two add up to ten, it represents the important theory of "Ten Xuanmen" in Huayan Jing, and also symbolizes perfection, which means that Huayan Sect is the most profound Buddhist doctrine. Master Du Shun died in the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan (64). This pagoda has stood in Huayan Temple for 137 years. It is a valuable historical relic and a town temple pagoda in Huayan Temple. Cheng Guan Master Lingta Cheng Guan Master Lingta is also called Cool Buddhist Tower. Cheng Guan (737-838), a native of Xiahou and Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), was a famous thinker and scholar of Huayan Sect in Zhongxing decades after the death of Fazang, the actual founder of Huayan Sect. His thought of Zen teaching being consistent and various sects being integrated had a great influence on China Buddhism after the middle Tang Dynasty. Cool Buddhist Cheng Guan Tower Cool Buddhist Tower is hexagonal, with seven floors and six sides, and its height is about 17 meters. Because the mage was once named "the cool Buddhist master of the Sangtong", the tower is embedded with the carved stone of "the tower of the cool Buddhist master of the Tang Dynasty", which has a history of more than 11 years. Because the west of the tower is near the original bank, it is washed away by rain and is in danger of overturning. Chang 'an District was demolished in 1986 and moved 1 meters from the original site to the southeast to recover on the spot. During the demolition, gold-plated bronze Buddha statues, thousands of Buddha monuments and Buddhist scriptures were found in the heart of each tower. Under the tower foundation, a two-story brick tower with different styles and exquisite carvings was found, about six meters high. The Cheng Guan Tower of Huayan Temple has a unique shape, and its body is hexagonal, which represents Huayan Zong's view of "the origin of six phases". The tower is five floors, not counting the pedestal, which represents Hua Yanzong's thought of "five religions". According to records, the Qingliang Buddhist Tower was rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty, but from the unearthed bronze Buddha and Buddhist scriptures, it is a relic of the early Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that the five-story brick tower on the ground should be rebuilt on the basis of the destroyed Miaojue Tower in the Yuan Dynasty when Shaolingyuan collapsed during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century. The two underground towers with different styles found in the demolition should be regarded as the residual towers rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty. A stone envelope hidden in the inner chamber of the tower was also found under the remnant tower, and there was a white jade bottle containing relics in the stone envelope. On the side of the Cool Buddhist Pagoda, there is a stone tablet erected in the 18th century when Cheng Guan was named "Miao Zheng Zhen Cheng Zen Master". Cultural Relics Protection In August 1956, Huayan Temple was approved by Shaanxi Provincial People's Committee as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. Wenbao Monument In June 26, Huayan Temple Tower was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In June, 26, under the direct leadership of Shaanxi provincial government, the activity of "Investigation and Planning of Ancestral Temple of Han Buddhism in China, Shaanxi Province" lasted for one year, which reaffirmed the ancestral status and historical value of Huayan Temple and promoted the reconstruction of Huayan Ancestral Temple. On October 15th, 29, the restoration and reconstruction project of Huayan Temple, the ancestral hall of Huayan Sect in China was officially started. Master Du Shun (557-64), the abbot of all previous dynasties, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province) and was the first ancestor of Huayanzong. Master Du Shun became a monk at the age of eighteen, and converted to learn Zen Buddhism from Zen master Yin Shengsi Zhen. During his life, Zen master Du Shun did many deeds of treating people, eliminating diseases and doing good deeds, which was revered by monks and customs at that time, which was very beneficial for him to spread the dharma. At the end of Sui Dynasty, he lived in Zhongnanshan, preached Hua Yan, and educated Taoism and customs. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Emperor Taizong admired his fame, and personally introduced the worship of Nagong Longli, which gave him the title of "Emperor's Heart". Empresses, royalty, and nobles treat it like a Buddha. According to legend, Du Shun sat on Taizong's bed when he was 84 years old, and then sent him to the southern suburbs of Chang 'an to build a tower in Huayan Temple.

Du Shun wrote "Observing the Gate of Huayan Legalism" and "Observing the Five Religions of Huayan", which laid a theoretical foundation for Huayan Sect's "endless origin theory" in observing behavior and "five-order inferior theory" in judging religion. Later generations chased him as the early ancestor of Huayan, but the founder was actually a master of Buddhism. Fazang (643-712) was a well-off Chinese in the Western Regions. At the age of 17, he studied Huayan Classic from Master Zhiyan. In the second year of Tang Shengli (699), he was asked to speak Hua Yan Jing for Wu Zetian, which made him "suddenly understand". He also conferred the Bodhisattva precepts on Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong, and was made a Buddhist. Tang Zhongzong also specially built five Huayan temples for him. Based on Hua Yan Jing, Fazang absorbed Xuanzang's translation theory, completed the teaching evaluation, enriched the concept of law, and established Hua Yan Sect. Therefore, China Buddhism takes Huayan Temple as the birthplace of Huayan Sect. Master Kuanchang, Master Kuanchang, Dharma number Daxing, common surname Chen. Master of Buddhism in China Buddhist College and visiting scholar in Peking University. He is currently a director of Chinese Buddhist Association, executive director of Shaanxi Ethnic and Religious Cultural Exchange Association, member of Shaanxi Youth Federation, deputy secretary general of Shaanxi Buddhist Association, deputy secretary general of Xi 'an Buddhist Association, vice president of Zhongnanshan Buddhist Association in Chang 'an District of Xi 'an, and abbot of Huayan Temple in Chang 'an District of Huayan Zong Zuting. Master Kuanchang was born in Datong, Qinghai in April 1978. In 1993, he lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an for one year. In April 1994, he became a monk in Xingjiao Temple in Chang 'an. In June, 1996, he was given a foot ring at Wolong Temple in Xi 'an according to the elder of Hong Kong Shengyi. In July, 1996, he attended the Second Deacon Training Course of Shaanxi Buddhist Association in xiangji temple, Chang 'an. From September 1996 to June 1999, I studied in the preparatory class of Fujian Buddhist College at Guanghua Temple in Putian, Fujian. From September 1999 to June 23, I studied in the undergraduate class of China Buddhist College. From September, 23 to June, 26, he studied in the postgraduate class of China Buddhist College, where he studied under the famous contemporary Buddhist scholar, Professor Du Jiwen, former director of the Institute of World Religion and Culture of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Professor Wei Daoru, director of the Buddhist Center and Buddhist Office of China Academy of Social Sciences, and obtained a master's degree in Buddhism. From September, 25 to June, 26, I studied in the Philosophy Department of Peking University as a visiting scholar under Professor Lou Yulie, a famous contemporary Buddhist scholar. In July 21, he served as the supervisor of Guangci Temple in Yongkang, Zhejiang. In September 25, he served as Deputy Secretary-General of Shaanxi Buddhist Association, Director of Academic Affairs Office and Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Shaanxi Buddhism. In October 25, he served as the deputy supervisor of Daxing Temple in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. In November 25, he served as the director of Xi 'an Charity Association in Shaanxi Province. In August 26, he was hired as the executive vice president of Shaanxi Buddhist Painting and Calligraphy Art College, and comprehensively presided over the daily affairs of the Buddhist College. In September 26, he became a member of Shaanxi Youth Federation. In October 26, he served as Deputy Secretary-General of Xi 'an Buddhist Association. In November 26, he served as the abbot of Huayan Temple in Huayan Zongzuting, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an. Buddhist Activities On August 15th, 28 (July 15th), Huayan Temple in Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province, followed the jungle system, and held a Bonus Bonus Meeting in the temple. The resident monks and believers set up Bonus Bonus Bonus in front of the Buddha to offer sacrifices to the Buddha and monks. Chanting prayers, super-recommending clan relatives; In the newly-built Zhai Tang, Master Kuanchang revealed to everyone the reasons and merits of the Bonsai Club. Repaying gratitude and commending the dead: On December 22, 28, at 1: a.m., Huayan Temple held a winter solstice ancestor worship ceremony. The monks bowed to the Zuta one by one with remembrance and admiration. The ancestor worship ceremony ended successfully at 11 o'clock. January 19th, 213, coincides with the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in China. According to legend, the enlightenment day of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, is also on the eighth day of December. In the Huayan Temple in Xi 'an, the ancestral hall of Huayan Sect in China, the Buddhist music is melodious and the sound is lingering. More than 1 people from all walks of life from Shaanxi and Gansu gathered together to hold a solemn New Year blessing ceremony to pray for their ancestors.